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Indian textile industy environmental issues

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1I I T DelhiDec.7,2002 INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTY- ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Prof.R.B.CHAVAN DEPT. OF TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY HAUZ-KHAS, NEW DELHI 2I I T DelhiDec.7,2002 INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY ΣΤΑΤΥΣ • ΟΧΧΥΠΙΕΣ ΥΝΙΘΥΕ ΠΟΣΙΤΙΟΝ ΙΝ ΙΝ∆ΙΑΝ ΕΧΟΝΟΜΨ • 14% ΟΦ ΙΝ∆ΥΣΤΡΙΑΛ ΠΡΟ∆ΥΧΤΙΟΝ • 33% ΟΦ ΤΟΤΑΛ ΕΞΠΟΡΤΣ • 1−1.5% ΙΜΠΟΡΤ ΒΙΛΛ • ΣΙΝΓΛΕ ΛΑΡΓΕΣΤ ΕΜΠΛΟΨΕΡ ΙΝ ΤΗΕ ΙΝ∆ΥΣΤΡΙΑΛ ΣΕΧΤΟΡ • 35 ΜΙΛΛΙΟΝ ΕΜΠΛΟΨΜΕΝΤ • 93 ΜΙΛΛΙΟΝ ΙΝΧΛΥ∆ΙΝΓ ΕΜΠΛΟΨΜΕΝΤ ΙΝ ΑΓΡΙΧΥΛΤΥΡΕ, ΓΙΝΝΙΝΓ, ΠΡΕΣΣΙΝΓ, ΧΟΤΤΟΝ ΤΡΑ∆Ε, ϑΥΤΕ 3I I T DelhiDec.7,2002 PRESENT PAPER • STRUCTURE OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY • PROBLEMS • IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT • POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGY • GERMAN BAN • RESPONSE OF MINISTRY OF TEXTILES TO COPE WITH GERMAN BAN 4I I T DelhiDec.7,2002 STRUCTURE OF INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSRY ΤΩΟ ΕΞΤΡΕΜΕΣ 1. ΚΗΑ∆Ι : ΗΑΝ∆ΣΠΥΝ , ΗΑΝ∆ ΩΟςΕΝ ΦΑΒΡΙΧ 2. ΗΙΓΗΛΨ ΧΑΠΙΤΑΛ ΙΝΤΕΝΣΙςΕ ΜΟ∆ΕΡΝ ΣΟΠΗΙΣΤΙΧΑΤΕ∆ ΟΡΓΑΝΙΖΕ∆ ΜΙΛΛ ΣΕΧΤΟΡ ΙΝ ΒΕΤΩΕΕΝ • DECENTRALIZED POWERLOOM, KNITTNG AND GARMENT SECTORS PRODUCTS • DIVERSIFIED • MANUFACTURE OF TRADITIONAL ITEMS • MANUFACTURE OF FASHION ITEMS FOR SOPHISTICATED NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL MAKETS 5I I T DelhiDec.7,2002 INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY- BROAD DIVISION • NATURAL FIBRES: COTTON, WOOL, SILK, JUTE ETC • MAN MADE AND SYNTHETIC FIBRES AND BLENDS • OUT OF TOTAL TEXTILE PRODUCTION • COTTON >70% • MAN MADE AND SYNTHETIC 20% • WOOL, SILK, JUTE ETC 10% Dec.7,2002 I I T Delhi 6 Decentralized Sector TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA NATURAL FIBRES / FABRICS MAN-MADE FIBRES / FABRICS Organized Sector (Mills) Spinning Composites Handloom Powerloom Khadi W OO L J U T E S I L K C OT TO N RAYON Cellulose / viscose BLENDED (Synthetic + Natural) SYNTHETIC (Nylon, PET, PAN) 7I I T DelhiDec.7,2002 NATURAL FIBRES ΧΟΤΤΟΝ COTTON TEXTILES PRODUCED IN • ORGANIZED SECTOR SPINNING MILLS : YARN PRODUCTION COMPOSITE MILLS : YARN, GREY AND PROCESSED FABRIC PRODUCTION • DECENTRALIZED SECTOR • POWERLOOM, HANDLOOM, KHADI AND HOSIERY PRODUCTION 8I I T DelhiDec.7,2002 ORGANIZED MILL SECTOR • 1400 SPINNING MILLS • 280 COMPOSIT MILLS SPINNING CAPACITY • 11 MILLION SPINDLES IN 1951 • 33 MILLION SPINDLES IN 1997 (19% OF WORLDS SPINDLE) WEAVING CAPACITY • 2.1 LAKH LOOMS IN 1951 • 1.24 LAKH LOOMS IN 1997 • REASON : RISE OF POWERLOOM SECTOR • PRESENT SHARE OF MILL SECTOR 6% IN THE TOTAL CLOTH PRODUCTION IN THE COUNTRY Dec.7,2002 I I T Delhi 9 11 33 0 10 20 30 40 No. of Spindles in million Spinning Capacity 1951 1997 2.1 1.24 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 No. of Looms in lakhs weaving Capacity 1951 1997 10I I T DelhiDec.7,2002 DEENTRALIZED SECTOR ΗΑΝ∆ΛΟΟΜ • PRODUCTION OF • NAURAL FIBRE FABRICS, COTTON, WOOL AND SILK • SYNTHETIC AND BLENDED FABRICS • APPROXIMATELY 3.9 MILLION HANDLOOMS • 20% OF TOTAL CLOTH PRODUCTION • TILL RECENTLY, PROTECTION FROM GOVT. OF INDIA TO WITHSTAND COMPETITION FROM MILL AND POWERLOOM SECTOR • LABOUR INTENSIVE • PROVIDE SUPPLEMENTARY EARNING TO AGRO RURAL STRATA OF SOCIETY [...]... I I T Delhi 34 Input / output analysis of Textile Finishing Processes Dyes Base chemicals (e.g acid, Alkali, sodium chloride) Textile Energy Natural Fibres; 10-20 MJ/kg Synthetic Fibres: 5-50 MJ/kg Water 60-360 l/kg textile Textile Auxiliaries Wet Processing (pre-treatment, dyeing, printing, finishing.) Polluted Air Dec.7,2002 Waste Sewage sludge: 60-70 g/kg textile Water Effluent I I T Delhi 35 AIR... Dec.7,2002 Handloom I I T Delhi 12 MATERIAL FLOW ALONG THE TEXTILE CLOTHING CHAIN Synthetic Fibre −Basic chemicals petrochemistry −Production of monomers / Natural Fibre Production - Cultivation fertilizers pesticides - Crop auxiliary agents Fibre, yarn, fabric Textile Processing e.g desizing, mercerizing, bleaching, dyeing, printing, finishing Garment / Textile industry Use Packing, washing, dry-cleaning... ΙΝΤΕΡΝΑΤΙΟΝΑΛ ΜΑΡΚΕΤ ∀ • ςΑΛΥΕ Α∆∆ΙΤΙΟΝ ΠΡΟ∆ΥΧΤΣ ΦΟΡ ΓΛΟΒΑΛ ΜΑΡΚΕΤ ∀ • ΑΣΣΥΡΕ∆ ΣΥΠΠΛΨ ΟΦ ΓΟΟ∆ ΘΥΑΛΙΤΨ ΡΑΩ ΜΑΤΕΡΙΑΛ, ΗΥΜΑΝ ΣΚΙΛΛΣ POISED TO BE LEADING PLAYER IN INTERNATIONAL MARKET Dec.7,2002 I I T Delhi 20 INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND ITS PROBLEMS ΟΝΕ ΟΦ ΤΗΕ ΟΛ∆ΕΣΤ ΑΝ∆ ΣΙΝΓΛΕ ΛΑΡΓΕΣΤ ΙΝ∆ΥΣΤΡΙΑΛ ΣΕΧΤΟΡΣ • • • • ΣΗΑΡΕ ΟΦ ΤΕΞΤΙΛΕ ΠΡΟ∆ΥΧΤΙΟΝ ΙΝ 50Σ ΟΡΓΑΝΙΖΕ∆ ΣΕΧΤΟΡ >75% ∆ΕΝΧΕΝΤΡΑΛΙΖΕ∆ ΠΟΩΕΡΛΟΟΜ 25% ΠΡΕΣΕΝΤΛΨ • ΟΡΓΑΝΙΖΕ∆... ΧΟΡΠΟΡΑΤΙΟΝ (ΝΤΧ) • ΜΑΙΝ ΟΒϑΕΧΤΙςΕ: ΕΜΠΛΟΨΜΕΝΤ ΡΕΛΙΕΦ ΤΟ ΤΗΟΥΣΑΝ∆Σ ΟΦ ΩΟΡΚΕΡΣ • ΠΡΟ∆ΥΧΤΙΟΝ ΟΦ ΧΟΝΤΡΟΛΛΕ∆ ΧΛΟΤΗ • ΕΞΠΕΡΙΜΕΝΤ ΜΙΣΕΡΑΒΛΨ ΦΑΙΛΕ∆ • ΜΑΝΨ ΝΤΧ ΜΙΛΛΣ ΧΛΟΣΕ∆ ∆ΟΩΝ Dec.7,2002 I I T Delhi 24 NEW TEXTILE POLICY (1980) • ΟΒϑΕΧΤΙςΕ: ∆ΕςΕΛΟΠ ΗΑΡΜΟΝΙΟΥΣΛΨ • ΜΙΛΛ, ΠΟΩΕΡΛΟΟΜ ΑΝ∆ ΗΑΝ∆ΛΟΟΜ ΣΕΧΤΟΡΣ • ΡΕΧΟΓΝΙΤΙΟΝ ΟΦ ΛΑΧΚ ΟΦ ΜΟ∆ΕΡΝΙΖΑΤΙΟΝ ΑΣ ΜΑΙΝ ΧΑΥΣΕ ΣΙΧΚΝΕΣΣ • 750 ΧΡΟΡΕ ΑΣ ΤΕΞΤΛΕ ΜΟ∆ΕΡΝΙΖΑΤΙΟΝ ΦΥΝ∆Σ ΙΝ... ΣΟΧΙΑΛ ΑΧΧΟΥΝΤΑΒΙΛΙΤΨ ΣΤΑΝ∆ΑΡ∆Σ ΣΑΣ 800 • ΝΟ ΧΗΙΛ∆ ΛΑΒΟΥΡ • ΜΙΝΙΜΥΜ ΛΑΒΟΥΡ ΩΑΓΕΣ • ΠΡΟςΙΣΙΟΝ ΟΦ ΗΨΓΙΕΝΙΧ ΧΟΝ∆ΙΤΙΟΝΣ ΑΤ ΩΟΡΚ ΠΛΑΧΕ • ΧΟΜΠΛΙΑΝΧΕ ΩΙΤΗ ΓΕΡΜΑΝ ΒΑΝ ΙΝΤΡΟ∆ΥΧΕ∆ ΙΝ 1996 Dec.7,2002 I I T Delhi 33 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS • ΤΕΞΤΙΛΕ ΩΕΤ ΠΡΟΧΕΣΣΙΝΓ ΠΟΣΕΣ ΣΕΡΙΟΥΣ ΕΝςΙΡΟΝΜΕΝΤΑΛ ΠΡΟΒΛΕΜΣ • ΥΣΕ ΟΦ ΛΑΡΓΕ ΝΥΜΒΕΡ ΟΦ ΧΗΕΜΙΧΑΛΣ (ΕΣΤΙΜΑΤΕ 8000) ΑΝ∆ ΙΝ ΛΑΡΓΕ ΘΥΑΝΤΙΤΙΕΣ ΙΝ ΩΕΤ ΠΡΟΧΕΣΣΙΝΓ • ∆ΨΕΣ ΑΝ∆ ΦΙΝΙΣΗΙΝΓ ΑΓΕΝΤΣ... ΛΥΓΓΑΓΕ Dec.7,2002 I I T Delhi 18 MAN MADE FIBRES ∀• ΠΡΟ∆ΥΧΤΙΟΝ ΟΦ ςΙΣΧΟΣΕ, ΠΟΛΨΕΣΤΕΡ, ΑΧΡΨΛΙΧ, ΝΨΛΟΝ, ΠΟΛΨΠΡΟΠΕΛΕΝΕ ∀• ΒΛΕΝ∆Ε∆ ΨΑΡΝ ΑΝ∆ ΦΑΒΡΙΧΣ ΠΑΡΤΙΧΥΛΑΡΛΨ ΠΟΛΨΕΣΤΕΡ/ΧΟΤΤΟΝ Dec.7,2002 I I T Delhi 19 TEXTILE EXPORTS ∀ 20 ΒΙΛΛΙΟΝ ∆ΟΛΛΑΡΣ? ∀ • ΛΕΑ∆ΙΝΓ ΟςΕΡΣΕΑΣ ΜΑΡΚΕΤΣ ΦΟΡ ΕΞΠΟΡΤΣ ΑΡΕ ∀ • ΕΥΡΟΠΕΑΝ ΥΝΙΟΝ, ΥΣΑ, ΜΙ∆∆ΛΕ ΕΑΣΤ, ΑΣΕΑΝ ΧΟΥΝΤΡΙΕΣ, ϑΑΠΑΝ ∀ • ΥΝ∆ΕΡΓΟΙΝΓ ΡΑ∆ΙΧΑΛ ΧΗΑΝΓΕ ∀ • ΗΥΓΕ ΙΝςΕΣΤΜΕΝΤΣ ΦΟΡ ΜΟ∆ΕΡΝΙΖΑΤΙΟΝ . DelhiDec.7,2002 INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTY- ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Prof.R.B.CHAVAN DEPT. OF TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY HAUZ-KHAS, NEW DELHI 2I I T DelhiDec.7,2002 INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY. TEXTILE INDUSTRY • PROBLEMS • IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT • POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGY • GERMAN BAN • RESPONSE OF MINISTRY OF TEXTILES TO COPE WITH GERMAN BAN 4I I T DelhiDec.7,2002 STRUCTURE OF INDIAN. MAKETS 5I I T DelhiDec.7,2002 INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY- BROAD DIVISION • NATURAL FIBRES: COTTON, WOOL, SILK, JUTE ETC • MAN MADE AND SYNTHETIC FIBRES AND BLENDS • OUT OF TOTAL TEXTILE PRODUCTION • COTTON

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