A critical discourse analysis of CNN online and BBC online news on Beijing Olympics 2008 Nguyễn Thu Trang Trường Đại học Ngoại ngữ Luận văn Thạc sĩ ngành: English Linguistic; Mã số: 60 22 15 Người hướng dẫn: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Trần Hữu Mạnh Năm bảo vệ: 2009 Abstract. This study aims to investigate the power and ideology hidden behind the two e-newspapers, CNN Online and BBC Online, in their news reports on Beijing Olympics 2008 in the light of critical discourse analysis approach. The analysis consists of three steps. The first is a general analysis of the coverage content of the Beijing Olympic Games, the use of pictures and videos reporting swimming competition in the two media institutions. This is followed by a lexical analysis with regards to the use of references to the Olympic Games in news of both newspapers. The last step is a comparative analysis of two sample texts in terms syntactic structure (the use of transitive and intransitive sentences as well as active and passive voices), cohesion (conjunction, reference) and transitivity on the basis of Halliday‟s Systematic Functional System. The results of the study reconfirm the relationship between language, power and ideology. The study recommends that readers should know how to use languages to exert power and to uncover the ideological representations of texts. Keywords. Phân tích diễn ngôn; Tiếng Anh; Olympics Bắc Kinh 2008; Báo điện tử Content 1.1. Rationale of the study The Beijing Olympics 2008, which took place from the 8th August to 24th August 2008 in China, is one of the most successful Olympic Games which won great approval from the media world. With a total of 11,468 athletes from 204 countries and regions, about 100,000 Olympic volunteers, 400,000 city volunteers, and 1 million social volunteers, Beijing saw the largest number of female athletes competing in the history of the Games. As the NBC Universal assesses, the Beijing Olympics is the most-watched U.S. television event of all time. More than 220 television agencies and over 25,000 journalists covered the event. The IOC site logged 5 million clicks during the entire process of the Beijing Games, whereas it logged 2.8 million clicks during the Athens Olympics. More than 80 heads of states and governments participated in the opening ceremony of the Beijing Games. About 80 percent of the people in China and about half of the people in the United States and Europe watched the opening ceremony on television. This was a record number. Few other events have received so much attention. The closing ceremony of the Beijing Olympics received wide coverage by most U.S. media outlets, with many praising the Games as the most memorable summer Olympics. It was described as "the most memorable Olympics ever." In a piece titled "Truly exceptional Games," NBC said the Beijing Olympics made history "in virtually every regard.” Beside, many U.S. media outlets heaped praises on the Chinese volunteers at the Beijing Games; the Los Angeles Times praised the Chinese volunteers for their friendliness and efficiency. BBC (The British Broadcasting Corporation) and CNN (Cable News Network) are the world's largest broadcasters which are very familiar with English users. BBC has bases or correspondents in more than 200 countries and, as officially surveyed, is available to more than 274 million households, though also possibly far more individual persons and groups than surveys can gather, and it is the oldest surviving entity of its kind and is more widely known internationally than any other news organization. As of June 2008, CNN is available in over 93 million U.S. households. Broadcast coverage extends to over 890,000 American hotel rooms, and the U.S broadcast is also shown in Canada. Globally, CNN programming airs through CNN International, which can be seen by viewers in over 212 countries and territories. While According to Alexa's Traffic Rank system, in July 2008 BBC Online was the 27th most popular English Language website in the world, and the 46th most popular overall, CNN.com is now one of the most popular news websites in the world. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) has made the study of language into an interdisciplinary tool. A great number of researchers with various backgrounds, including media criticism use it. Most significantly, it offers the opportunity to adopt a social perspective in the cross-cultural study of media texts. While most forms of discourse analysis "aim to provide a better understanding of socio-cultural aspects of texts," CDA "aims to provide accounts of the production, internal structure, and overall organization of texts." One crucial difference is that CDA "aims to provide a critical dimension in its theoretical and descriptive accounts of texts." With all above reasons, the author has the temptation to carry out a study named: “A Critical Discourse Analysis of CNN Online and BBC Online News on Beijing Olympics 2008”. 1.2. Aims and objectives of the study The study aims at: - Providing an analysis of CNN Online and BBC Online News on Beijing Olympics 2008 in the light of Critical Discourse Analysis; - Giving an illustration of CDA approach; - Raising language users as well as newspaper readers‟ awareness of the power and ideology of discourses. 1.3. Scope of the study In critically analyzing CNN and BBC News on Beijing Olympics 2008, the author concentrates only on the coverage in the CNN and BBC online, not the other kinds like printed or radio news. Specifically, in this study, the writer particularly examines the content and presentation of the articles, the use of word, grammar (transitive and intransitive sentences as well as active and passive voices). Besides, some cohesive devices like conjunction and reference and transitivity are also factors of concerns in the thesis. 1.4. Methods of the study In order to obtain the aims of the study, the following activities will be carried out: In the first place, a literature review will be carried out to provide a theoretical background for the study. Then, a number of articles on BBC online and CNN online about Beijing Olympics will be analyzed in the light of critical discourse analysis. The research method applied in this part is both quantitative and qualitative. The analysis will be made in terms of the content and presentation. Apart from that, vocabulary, syntactic structure and cohesion are also analyzed. From the analysis, a comparison between the news reported in the two newspapers will be interpreted and analyzed. 1.5. Design of the study The thesis is divided into 4 chapters: Chapter I is the Introduction which provides the rationale, the aims, the methods and the design of the study. Chapter II naming Theoretical background first gives an overview of Critical Discourse Analysis. 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Trần Hữu Mạnh (2007), Bàn thêm về cấu trúc ngữ nghĩa tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt dưới góc độ Ngữ pháp Tri nhận. Tạp chí Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn - Tạp chí Khoa học ĐHQG Hà Nội, 23. 3. Trần Thị Thu Hương (2009), Mạch lạc diễn ngôn hội thoại trong một số tác phẩm văn học hiện đại: Luận văn ThS, Ngôn ngữ học: 60 22 01, ĐHKHXH & NV. Websites: 1. http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SPECIALS/2008/news/olympics 2. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/default.stm 3. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/academy/default.stm 4. http://www.2008.nbcolympics.com/ . A Critical Discourse Analysis of CNN Online and BBC Online News on Beijing Olympics 2008 . 1.2. Aims and objectives of the study The study aims at: - Providing an analysis of CNN Online and. and BBC Online News on Beijing Olympics 2008 in the light of Critical Discourse Analysis; - Giving an illustration of CDA approach; - Raising language users as well as newspaper readers‟ awareness. quantitative and qualitative. The analysis will be made in terms of the content and presentation. Apart from that, vocabulary, syntactic structure and cohesion are also analyzed. From the analysis,