Tài liệu Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh lớp 9

Tài liệu Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh lớp 9 PERIOD: 2 Passive Voice Các điểm lưu ý: +Có 1 số động từ không bao giờ đổi sang bị động: seem, appear, have.. II/ THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA MODAL

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Tài liệu Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh lớp 9

PERIOD: 1 TENSES REVIEW

- Once/twice a week, how often, …

(Chú ý: thêm "ES" khi V kết thúc: s, sh, ch, o, x, z, (y) )

- …ago Ex: three days ago

- In + năm trong qk, in the past

- At this time yesterday, at 7.00 a.m last week

- At that time, then

- Since + 1mốc thời gian , for + 1 khoảng thời gian

- Yet, ever, never, already, recently, lately, just, before,

- So far, until now, up to now, up to the present time

6 Present perfect

continuous + S + has/have + been + Ving Since + 1mốc thời gian, for + 1 khoảng thời gian, up to now

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HTHTTD - S +has/have+ not + been + Ving

? Has/have + S + been + Ving ?

(thường dùng với V chỉ hoạt động: run, learn, teach, work, rain, sleep, wait, stand, sit, try, …

- QKHT, before/by the time + QKĐ

- Before/by + thời gian trong qk Ex: before 6 p.m last night

8

Past pefect

continuous

QKHTTD

+ S + had + been + Ving

- S + had + not + been + Ving

? Had + S + been + Ving .?

… since + 1 mốc thời gian (before) QKĐ

… for + 1 khoảng thời gian

(thường dùng với V chỉ hoạt động: run, learn, teach, work, rain, sleep, wait, stand, sit, try, …)

- In 2 hours, in a few minutes/some days/…

- Some day, soon

- Before/by + thời gian trong tương lai Ex: by next year

- TLHT, before/by the time + HTĐ

? Will + S + have + been + Ving ?

(since/for) … before/by + thời gian trong tương lai TLHTTD, before/by the time + HTĐ

(thường dùng với V chỉ hoạt động: run, learn, teach, work, rain, sleep, wait, stand, sit, try, …)

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13

Modal verbs S + can/could/may/might/must/ have

to/be going to/ ought to + V

XI Supply the correct verb forms

1 I (see) a car accident while I (wait) for you on this corner yesterday

2 Mr john (be) principal of our school since last year

3 Mr Smith (teach) at this school since he (graduate) in 1980

4 My father (not watch) TV every night

5 I (meet) Authur three weeks ago

6 Yesterday the police (report) that they (capture) the thief

7 My friend (thank) me for what I had done for him

8 Someone (steal) my handbag on the bus

9 The Browns (live) in Paris for 7 years when the second World War (break) down

10 Last month I (be) in the hospital for ten days

11 Don't call me in the afternoon I usually (be) away in the afternoon

12 Mr Clark (be) in New York 2 months ago Mr Rossi (be) in New York until 2 months ago

13 John (drive) that car ever since I (know) him

14 People (speak) English in most of Canada

15 The dog (wag) his tail whenever he (see) me

16 What you (do) when I (ring) you last night?

17 Up to then I never (see) such a fat man

18 I (not see) him last Monday

19 They had sold all the books when we (get) there

20 I think he (leave) as soon as he (know) the news

21 She (play) the piano when our guests (arrive) last night

22 He (come) and (see) you soon

23 I (come) as soon as I have finished my work You (be) ready?

24 My mother (come) to stay with us next weekend

25 Where you (spend) your holidays next summer?

26 Violets (bloom) in spring

27 We (not live) in England for two years now

28 I (never forget) what you (just tell) me

29 They (prepare) the Christmas dinner at the moment

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30 When I last (stay) in Cairo, I (ride) to the Pyramids on a camel that my friend (borrow) the day before

31 Our teacher (tell) us yesterday that he (visit) England in 1970

32 George (work) at a university so far

33 When he lived in Manchester, he (work) in a bank

34 Birds (build) their nests in summer and (fly) to the South in winter

35 I (lose) my key (Can) you help me look for it?

36 My father (not smoke) for 5 years

37 My teacher wasn't at home when I (arrive) He (just go) out

38 How long Bob and Mary (be) married?

39 You (receive) any letter from your parents yet?

40 My brother (join) the army when he (be) young

41 You (remember) my name or you (forget) it someday?

42 Tom (study) chemistry for three years and then he gave it up

43 Miss Lee often (write) when she was on holiday

44 He (leave) home two weeks ago and we (not hear) from him since then

45 You (speak) to Mrs Baker yesterday?

No, I (not see) her for a long time I (not can) remember when I last (see) her

46 When the teacher came in, the pupils (play) game

47 Columbus (discover) America more than 400 years ago

48 By next month, I (finish) my first novel

49 By May 5, we (live) in this city for ten years

50 When your father (die)? I (not kow) when he (die)………

51 Bill said he (forget) to buy a dictionary

52 He felt asleep while he (do) his homework

53 We (not see) them for a long time

54 It (rain) when we arrived

55 Kite and I (wait) right here until you get back

56 He'll leave as soon as he (hear) the news

57 Dick (start) school before he seven

58 How long you (study) in this school?

59 We (not receive) any letter from him since he (leave) four months ago

60 Where are you? I'm upstairs I (have) a bath

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PERIOD: 2 Passive Voice

Các điểm lưu ý:

+Có 1 số động từ không bao giờ đổi sang bị động: seem, appear, have

+Khi đổi sang bị động những thành phần trong câu chủ động không đổi: trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian , chỉ địa điểm, từ đệm phải giữ nguyên

vị trí như trong câu chủ động

+Nếu trong câu chủ động chủ ngữ là nobody, no one thì khi đổi sang bị động, động từ sẽ để ở thể phủ định

Công thức chung : S+BE+past participle(P2)

I CÁC CÔNG THỨC CỤ THỂ CỦA CÁC THÌ:

1 Đối với Hiện tại đơn giản : S + am/is/are+P2 2 Đối với Hiện tại tiếp diễn : S +am/is/are+being+P2

3 Đối với Hiện tại Hòan thành: S + have/has+been+P2 4 Đối với Quá khứ đơn giản: S + was/were+p2

5 Đối với Quá khứ tiếp diễn: S + was/were+being+P2 6 Đối với Tương lai đơn giản: S + will+be+P2

7 Đối với Tương lai gần: S + to be+going to+Be+P2 8 Đối với Tương lai hòan thành: S + will have been+P2

9 Đối với Quá khứ hoàn thành: S + had been+P2

Notes: Các thì HTHT tiếp diễn, TLHT tiếp diễn, TL tiếp diễn, QKHT tiếp diễn không đổi được sang bị động

II/ THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA MODAL VERB

1/ Cấu trúc 1: S + modal Verb +Verb infinitive(Vinf)

Dùng để chỉ hành động xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai >>> Thể bị động S+modal verb + be +P2

EX: I must do this homework.>> This homework must be done

2/Cấu trúc 2: S + modal Verb + have +P2

Dùng để chỉ những hành động cần phải làm trong quá khứ hoặc đáng lẽ phải xảy ra nhưng không làm Hoặc những hành động đoán biết

chắc hẳn phải xảy ra trong quá khứ >>>Bị động: S + modal Verb + have been +P2

III/ CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT:

1/ It's your duty to+Vinf >>> bị động: You're supposed to+Vinf

EX: It's your duty to make tea today >> You are supposed to make tea today

2/ It's impossible to+Vinf >>>bị động: S + can't + be + P2

EX: It's impossible to solve this problem.>> This problem can't be solve

3/ It's necessary to + Vinf >>> bị động: S + should/ must + be +P2

EX: It's necessary for you to type this letter >> This letter should/ must be typed by you

EX: Turn on the lights! >> The lights should be turned on

IV/ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ MAKE/ LET

Công thức chủ động : S + make/ let + sb+ Vinf. >>> Bị động: S + make/ let + to + Vinf

EX: My parent never let me do anything by myself >> I'm never let to do anything by myself

V/ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CẤU TRÚC " NHỜ AI LÀM GÌ"

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Chủ động: S + have(get) + sb + (to)Vinf >>>Bị động: S + have/ get + st +done

EX: I have my father repair my bike >> I have my bike repaired by my father

VI/ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ ĐI SAU NÓ LÀ MỘT ĐỘNG TỪ Ở DẠNG VING

Các động từ đó như : love, like, dislike, enjoy, fancy, hate, imagine, regret, mind, admit, involve, deny, avoid etc

>> Chủ động: S + V + sb +Ving. Bị động: S + V + sb/st + being + P2

EX: I like you wearing this dress.>> I like this dress being worn by you

VII/ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ TRI GIÁC( Vp - verb of perception)

1/ Cấu trúc 1: S + Vp + sb + Ving

(Ai đó chứng kiến người khác làm gì và chỉ thấy 1 phần của hành động hoặc 1 hành động dand diễn ra bị 1 hành động khác xen vào) EX: Opening the door, we saw her overhearing us

2/ Cấu trúc 2: S + Vp + sb + Ving (Ai đó chứng kiến người khác làm gì từ đầu đến cuối)

EX: I saw him close the door and drive his car away

NOTE: riêng các động từ : feel, find, catch thì chỉ sử dụng công thức 1 >> Bị động: S + be + P2(of Vp) + to +Vinf

EX: He was seen to close the door and drive his car away

VIII/ BỊ ĐỘNG KÉP

1/ Khi main verb ở thời HIỆN TẠI

Công thức: People/they + think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report + that + clause

>> Bị động: a/ It's + thought/said/ supposed/believed/considered/reported + that + clause ( trong đó clause = S + Vinf + O)

b/ Động từ trong clause để ở thì HTDG: S + am/is/are + thought/ said/supposed + to + Vinf

EX: People say that he is a good doctor >> It's said that he is a good doctor./ He is said to be a good doctor

c/ Động từ trong clause để ở thời QKDG hoặc HTHT S + am/is/are + thought/ said/ supposed + that + to + have + P2

EX: People think he stole my car >> It's thought he stole my car He is thought to have stolen my car

2/ Khi main verb ở thời QUÁ KHỨ Công thức: People/they + thought/said/supposed + that + clause

>>Bị động: a/ It was + thought/ said/ supposed + that + clause

b/ Động từ trong clause để ở thì HTDG: S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed + to + Vinf

EX: People said that he is a good doctor.>> It was said that he is a good doctor./ He was said to be a good doctor

c/ Động từ trong clause ở thì QKDG hoặc HTHT: S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed + to + have + P2

EX: They thought he was one of famous singers.>> It was thought he was one of famous singers

He was thought to have been one of famous singers

IX/ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA TÁM ĐỘNG TỪ ĐẶC BIỆT

Các động từ : suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist(on), recommend

Công thức: S + suggest/ recommend/ order/ require + that + clause

( trong đó clause = S + Vinf + O)

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>> Bị động: It + was/ will be/ has been/ is + P2( of 8 verb) + that + st + be + P2

( trong đó "be" là không đổi vì động từ trong clause ở câu chủ động ở dạng Vinf)

EX: He suggested that she buy a new car.>> It was suggessted that a new car be bought

X/ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CẤU TRÚC CHỦ NGỮ GIẢ " IT"

Công thức: It + be + adj + for sb + to do st.>>Bị động: It + be + adj + for st + to be done

EX: It is difficult for me to finish this test in one hour>> It is difficult for this problem to be finished this test in one hour

XI/ BỊ ĐỘNG TRONG TRƯỜNG HỢP 2 TÂN NGỮ

Trong đó : Oi = Indirect Object

Od = Direct Object

Công thức: S + V + Oi + Od >>Bị động: 1/ Oi + be + P2( of V) + Od

2/ Od + be + P2( of V) + to Oi ( riêng động từ " buy" dùng giới từ " for")

EX: My friend gave me a present on my birthday.>> A present was given to me by my friend on my birthday

I was given a present on my birthday by my friend.(Theo Home of ELS)

Exercises with keys

1) Julia rescued three cats.Three cats were rescued

2) The students handed in the reports.The reports were handed in

3) Maria crashed into the blue car.The blue car was crashed into

4) Alex learned the poem.The poem was learned

5) Steven has forgotten the book.The book has been forgotten

6) The mechanic has not repaired the DVD recorder.The DVD recorder has not been repaired 7) They play handball.Handball is played

8) Sue puts the rucksack on the floor.The rucksack is put on the floor

9) The girls had lost the match.The match had been lost

10) The teacher is not going to open the window.The window is not going to be opened

1) She bought four apples.Four apples were bought

2) We won the match.The match was won

3) The man stole the blue car.The blue car was stolen

4) The police arrested the thieves.The thieves were arrested

5) Jack swam the 200 metres.The 200 metres were swum

6) The dog bit the old lady.The old lady was bitten

7) Tom and Max ate five hamburgers.Five hamburgers were eaten

8) Oliver taught the children.The children were taught

9) Victoria rode the brown horse.The brown horse was ridden

10) Grandmother told good stories.Good stories were told

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Put the following into the passive voice:

1 You should open the wine about three hours before you use it

2 Previous climbers had cut steps in the ice

3 Somebody had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit

4 We use this room only on special occasions

5 You must not hammer nails into the walls without permission

6 In some districts farmer use pig to find truffles

7 Someone switched on a light and opened the door

8 Somebody had slashed the picture with a knife

9 They are pulling down the old theatre

10 Why didn’t they mend the roof before it fell in?

11 The mob broke all the shop windows in recent riots

12 The librarian said that they were starting a new system because people were not returning book

13 The police asked each of us about his movement on the night of the crime

14 Someone will server refreshments

15 People must not leave bicycles in the hall

16 Members may keep books for three week After that they must return them

17 The burglars had cut an enormous hole in the steel door

18 I‘ve bought a harp They are delivering it this afternoon (Do not change the first sentence.)

19 Someone has already told him top report for duty at six

20 They rang the church bells as a flood warning

21 No one can do anything unless someone gives us more information

22 People are spending far more money on food now than they spent ten years ago

23 The organizers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month

24 They will say nothing more about the matter if someone returns the stolen gun

25 It is high time someone told him to stop behaving like a child

26 A thief stole my dog and brought him back only when I offer 20 pounds reward for him

27 The judge gave him two weeks in which to pay the fine

28 They make these artificial flowers of silk

29 They can’t make tea with cold water

30 The thief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant

31 somebody has taken away some of my books

32 They will hold the meeting before May Day

33 They have to repair the engine of the car

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PERIOD 3 Reported speech

Quy tắc chung:

+ Đối với câu trần thuật thì thêm liên từ that hoặc không Dùng động từ say that ( to smb that ) , tell smb that

+ Đối với câu hỏi có từ để hỏi thì dùng từ để hỏi đó làm liên từ, với câu không có từ để hỏi thì dùng liên từ If hoặc Whether, dùng động từ nh− : ask, enquire, want to know… Với câu cảm thán thì dùng : Exclaim

+ Đối với câu mệnh lệnh thức dùng : tell, ask, order, advise, beg… smb ( not ) to do smt

+ Với tất cả các loại câu phải lùi một thời ( Trừ khi động từ ở câu chính ở thời hiện tại ( vdụ: I say / she is saying ….) Nói chung câu điều kiện If / wish /

as if ( loại 2 / 3) không đổi thì : vdụ she said, ‘ I would complain If I were you’ → she said that she would complain if she were me) thay đổi đại từ nhân x−ng, đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu … cho phù hợp Chú ý một số nh− sau

Time:

today →→ that day this/ these →→ that / those

yesterday → the day before / the previous day here → there

the day before yesterday →→ two day before last night →→ the night before

tomorrow → the next day / the following day tomorrow night →→ the following night

the day after tomorrow →→ in two days’ time / two days later needn’t →→ didn’t have to

next week / year →→ the following week / year have to ( had to ) →→ had to ( had had to

a year ago →→ a year before / the previous year must →→ had to / mustn’t →→wasn’t (weren’t) to

Special situations :

1 You had better …

Why don’t you ( You should )…

If I were you ….( were I you )

2 What about ….? / How about …?

Why don’t we ….? / Let’s …

3 Could I have ……… ?

Could you ……….?

Could you please …….?

4 Would you mind + V_ing

5 Shall I ? / I will

6 Would you like to V_infinitive ?

7 Would you like (+noun) ?

8 Remember to do smt / Don’t forget

S + suggest + V_ing (câu có ý nghĩa đề nghị)

Or suggest (that) smb (should) do smt

ask for ask smb if ask smb to do smt…

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10 I’m sorry for doing smt / about smt

11 Happy birthday …

12 Good luck…

13 Welcome to Mongcai…

14 Hello! Hi / Good morning …

15 What a fine day it is ! ( câu cảm thán)

16 Bye ! …

17 Let’s not …

18 “ Don’t let people cheat you’ …

19 ‘ Let them go’……

Smb exclaimed that what a … it was

To say good bye / good morning …

To object to the idea

Smb told smb not to let ( himself / ) be P2

To suggest (that) they (should) go ( he go *

To ask smb to let ( him / her ) go

To ask smb to do smt

* Thì trong mệnh đề phụ không đổi khi:

- Động từ trong câu nói trực tiếp có thời gain xác định: - Một chân lý / might / used to / would rather

Ex: He said , ‘ I was born in 1980’ →→ He said that he was born in 1980

- Câu điều kiện loại 2/ 3 / câu giả định wish

Ex: she said ‘ I wish I were rich’ →→ that she wished she were rich

Chú ý: Còn nhiều trường hợp, tuỳ theo ngữ cảnh để thích hợp câu gián tiếp (thank you so much)

1 ‘I’ve no idea what the time is but I’ll dial 1080 and find out’ said his daughter

2 he said, ‘ my wife has just been made a judge.’

3 ‘I’ll come with you as soon as I am ready,’ she replied

4 ‘I have a German lesson this afternoon and I haven’t done my homework yet,’ said the boy

5 ‘If you let the iron get too hot you will scorch your clothes.’ I warned her

6 ‘You haven’t given me quite enough The bill is for $16 and you have paid me only $10’ he pointed out

7 ‘ Do you play the guitar?’ said Peter

8 ‘Will you have time to play regularly?’ he said

9 ‘Did you play for your school team?’ said Bill

10 “Put your pistol on the table,’ said the director

11 ‘ Please book me a seat in a non- smoker,’ said the traveller

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12 ‘Don’t forget your sandwiches,’ said his mother

13 ‘ Don’t go near the water, children,’ she said

14 ‘Search the house,’ said the police

15 ‘ Don’t make mountains out of molehills,’ he said

16 ‘ Put down that gun It is loaded,’ she ordered

17 ‘ Can the children get dinner at school, John?’ said Janes

18 ‘ Is there a bus- stop in your town, James ?’ I wanted to know

19 ‘ How often does it meet?’ George said to her

20 ‘ Were your own boys happy here?’ Linda said to Maria

21 ‘ Open the safe!’ The raiders order the clerk

22 ‘ Please do as I say’ he begged me

23 ‘ Don’t make too much noise, children,’ said the mother

24 ‘ You’d better slow down There’s a speed limit here,’ she said to me ( advise)

25 ‘ I could not get into the house because I had lost my keys, so I had to break the door,’ said he

26 ‘ The mirror is there so that you can see your self when you are dancing,’ she told him

27 ‘ I wrote to him the day before yesterday I wonder why he hasn’t rung up,’ she said

28 ‘ My horse might win,’ said the owner

29 ‘ You needn’t speak to my sister,’ David said to Janes

30 ‘ If I were taller, I would climb the door,’ he said

31 ‘ What happened to you, Linda ?’ I asked

32 ‘ How long has your son learnt English?,’ I said to Mrs Kent

33 ‘ When will you go back?,’ said Susan

34 ‘ Who have you seen at the meeting?’ We asked the workers

35 ‘ Where were you last night ?’ she said to Janes

36 ‘ What will you buy the day after tomorrow, Helen?’ said the mother

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PERIOD 4 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

I THEORY

-Cỏc trợ động từ hỡnh thỏi như will, would, can, could thường xuất hiện trong cỏc cõu điều kiện Cỏc cõu điều kiện thường chứa từ if (nếu)

- Có 2 mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện: Mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề điều kiên( mệnh đề if)

- Mệnh đề điều kiện (mệnh đề if) có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính Khi nó đứng trước mệnh đề chính, dùng dấu phẩy để tách 2 mệnh

đề Khi nó theo sau mệnh đề chính không dùng dấu phẩy

Ex: If I have money, I will buy a new car

I will buy a new car if I have money

*Conditional types: ( Các loại hinh câu điêu kiện)

- Có 3 loại câu điều kiện: Loại 1, loại 2 và loại 3

1 Type 1 (Điu kin loi 1): Present Real Conditional (Điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại)

- Cõu điều kiện cú thực là cõu mà người núi dựng để diễn đạt một hành động hoặc một tỡnh huống thường xảy ra (thúi quen) hoặc sẽ xảy ra (trong tương lai) nếu điều kiện ở mệnh đề chớnh được thoả món Nếu núi về tương lai, dạng cõu này được sử dụng khi núi đến một điều kiện cú thể thực hiện được hoặc

cú thể xảy ra

Ex: - If he tries much more, he will improve his English

- If I have money, I will buy a new motorbike

IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chớnh) Simple Present

Dạng bài tập : V(inf)… + OR + Clause (Simple Future)

= Unless you + V(inf)… , Clause (Simple Future)

= If you don’t + V(inf)… , Clause (Simple Future)

Vớ dụ: Study hard or you will fail the exam

= Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam = If you don’t study hard , you will fail the exam

Cut your hair or they won’t let you in

= Unless you cut your hair , they won’t let you in = If you don’t cut your hair , they won’t let you in

Ghi chỳ :- Sau mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề Unless phải cú dấu phẩy (,)

- Sau Unless khụng được dựng dạng phủ định (Vớ dụ : khụng được viết Unless you don’t write)

Form: If + S + simple present tense + command form of verb +

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Ex: - If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me - Please call me if you hear anything from Jane

2 Type 2(Điu kin loi 2) : Present Real Conditional (Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại )

- Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại được dùng để đề cập đến những tình huống tưởng tượng hoặc là không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại.Ex: - If I were rich, I would travel around the world (I am not rich) (I’m not going to travel around the world)

*Động từ to be phải chia là were ở tất cả cỏc ngụi

Ex: - If I were you, I wouldn't go to that movie

3 Type 3 (Điu kin loi 3): Past unreal conditional (Điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ)

- Điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ được dùng để đề cập đến những tình huống đg không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ.- If I hadn’t been in a hurry, I wouldn’t have had an accident

(I was in a hurry) (I had an accident)

* Chỳ ý rằng cũng cú thể thể hiện một điều kiện khụng cú thực mà khụng dựng if Trong trườnghợp đú, trợ động từ had được đưa lờn đầu cõu, đứng

trước chủ ngữ Mệnh đềđiều kiện sẽ đứng trước mệnh đề chớnh

Ex: - Had we known that you were there, we would have written you a letter

- Had he studied harder for the test, he would have passed it

Lưu ý: Cõu điều kiện khụng phải lỳc nào cũng tuõn theo qui luật trờn Trong một số trường hợp đặc biệt, một vế của điều kiện là quỏ khứ nhưng vế cũn lại

cú thểở hiện tại (do thời gian qui định)

Ex: - If she had caught the train, she would be here by now

TYPE 2,3

(Loại 2,3) IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chớnh)

S + would / could + V(inf)

S + wouldn’t / couldn’t +V(inf)

II Simple Past (Be were)

S + V-ed/2

S + didn’t + V(inf)

Would / Could + S + V(inf)… ?

S + would / could have + V-ed/3

S + wouldn’t / couldn’t have + V-ed/3 III Past Perfect S + had + V-ed/3

S + hadn’t + V-ed/3 Would / Could + S + have + V-ed/3…?

1 If I see him I (give)……… him a lift

2 If he (eat)……… all that he will be ill

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3 If I find your passport I (telephone)……… you at once

4 If he (read)……… in bad light he will ruin his eyes

5 Someone (steal)……… your car if you leave it unlocked

6 What will happen if my parachute (not open)?

7 If he (wash)……… my car I'll give him Ј10

8 If she (need)……… a radio she can borrow mine

9 If you (not go) ……….away I'll send for the police

10 I'll be very angry if he (make)……… any more mistakes

11 If he (be) ……….late we'll go without him

12 If you give my dog a bone he (bury)……… it at once

13 If you come late they (not let) you in

14 We'll have to move upstairs if the river (rise) any higher

15 If he (work)……… hard today can he have a holiday tomorrow?

16 If you (not like)……… this one I'll bring you another

17 She won't open the door unless she (know) ……….who it is

II Conditional sentences: type 2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses

1 If I had a typewriter I (type)……… it myself

2 If I (know)……… his address I'd give it to you

3 He (look) ………a lot better if he shaved more often

4 If he worked more slowly he (not make) ………so many mistakes

5 I shouldn't drink that wine if I (be) ……… you

6 More tourists would come to this country if it (have)……… a better climate

7 If I (win)……… a big prize in a lottery I'd give up my job

8 What you (do)……… if you found a burglar in your house?

9 I could tell you what this means if I (know)……… Greek

10 If he knew that it was dangerous he (not come)………

11 I could get a job easily if I (have) ………a degree

12 If we had more rain our crops (grow)……… faster

13 What would you do if the lift (get) ……… stuck between two floors?

14 If you (paint)……… the walls white the room would be much brighter

15 I'd climb over the wall if there (not be) ……….so much broken glass on t of it

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III Conditional sentences: type 3

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses

1 If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) ……… you

2.You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) ……… here last week

3 I shouldn't have believed it if I (not see)……… it with my own eyes

4 If he had asked you, you (accept)?

5 If I (know) ……… that you were coming I'd have baked a cake 6 If I (had) ……….a map I would have been all right 7 The hens (not get)……… into the house if you had shut the door 8 If he had known that the river was dangerous he (not try)……… to swim across it 9 If you (speak)……… more slowly he might have understood you 10 If he had known the whole story he (not be) ……… so angry 11 If she had listened to my directions she (not turn) ……….down the wrong street V Use “if” in place of “unless” 1/ We won’t go out unless it stops raining 2/ I will call the police unless you give back my bicycle 3/ You wouldn’t be able to do this exercise unless your English were good 4/ Unless we had enough rain, we couldn’t grow rice 5/ The fishermen couldn’t have caught a lot of fish unless they had had good nets Exercise 3: Rewrite these sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same 1 I don’t buy it because I don’t have enough money.- If I

2 I didn’t buy it because I didn’t have enough money.- I would

3 There was a test yesterday I didn’t know that, so I didn’t study for it. > If I

4 I’m busy right now, so I can’t help you.- I could

5 He’s very thin, that’s why he feels the cold so much. > If he

6 I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now. > If I

7 If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game Unless

8 If I won a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job.- Unless

9 If you don’t like this one, I’ll bring you another.- Unless

10 I’ll only help you if you promise to try harder.- Unless

11 If she doesn’t work harder, she’ll lose her job.- She’ll

12 You can use my car, but have to keep it carefully.-Provided

13 If the work is finished by lunch , you can go home.-Get

14 Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test………

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PERIOD 5 ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ

I THEORY

DẠNG 1 : NỐI 2 CÂU

Dạng này đề bài người ta cho 2 câu riêng biệt và yêu cầu mình dùng đại từ quan hệ nối chúng lại với nhau Các bước làm dạng này như sau:

Bước 1 :Chọn 2 từ giống nhau ở 2 câu :Câu đầu phải chọn danh từ, câu sau thường là đại từ ( he ,she ,it ,they )

ví dụ :The man is my father You met him yesterday

BƯỚC 2 :Thế who,which vào chữ đã chọn ở câu sau, rồi đem (who ,which ) ra đầu câu The man is my father You met him yesterday

Ta thấy him là tan ngu chi người, làm túc từ nên thế whom vào

-> The man is my father.You met whom yesterday.Đem whom ra đầu câu -> The man is my father whom You met yesterday

Bước 3 :Đem nguyên câu sau đặt ngay phía sau danh từ đã chọn ở câu trước The man is my father whom You met yesterday

-> The man whom You met yesterday is my father

DẠNG 2 : ĐIỀN VÀO CHỔ TRỐNG

Dạng này đề bài người ta cho sẳn một câu đã được nối với nhau nhưng chừa chỗ trống để hoc sinh điền đại từ quan hệ vào Các bước làm dạng này như sau:+ Nhìn danh từ phía trứơc (kế bên chỗ trống) xem người hay vật ( hoặc cả hai ):- Nếu vật thì ta điền WHICH / THAT

The dog runs ( thấy phiá trứoc là dog nên dùng WHICH / THAT)Nếu là : REASON, CAUSE thì dùng WHY

The reason he came ( dùng WHY )Nếu là thơì gian thì dùng WHEN-Nếu là nơi chốn thì dùng WHERE

Lưu ý : - WHEN , WHERE , WHY không làm chủ từ, do đó nếu ta thấy phía sau chưa có chủ từ thì ta phải dùng WHICH / THAT chứ không được dùng

WHEN , WHERE , WHY.Do you know the city _ is near here ?

Ta nhận thấy city là nơi chốn, nhưng chớ vội vàng mà điền WHERE vào nhé ( cái này bị dính bẩy nhiều lắm đấy ! ) Hãy nhìn tiếp phía sau và ta thấy kế bên nó là IS ( động từ ) tức là chữ IS đó chưa có chủ từ, và chữ mà ta điền vào sẽ làm chủ từ cho nó -> không thể điền WHERE mà phải dùng WHICH /THAT ( nếu không bị cấm kỵ )-> Do you know the city WHICH / THAT _ is near here ?

- Nếu ta thấy rõ ràng là thời gian, nơi chốn nhưng xem kỹ phía sau động từ người ta có chừa lại giới từ hay không, nếu có thì không đựoc dùng WHEN , WHERE, WHY mà phải dùng WHICH / THAT

The house I live in is nice Ta thấy house là nơi chốn, nhưng chớ vội điền WHERE nhé, nhìn sau thấy ngừoi ta còn chừa lại giới từ IN nên phải dùng WHICH /THAT-> The house _which/that _ I live in is nice

Nhưng đôi khi ngưoì ta lại đem giới từ lên để trứoc thì cũng không đựoc dùng WHERE nữa nhé :

The house in _which _ I live is nice - Nếu là NGƯỜI thì ta tiếp tục nhìn phía sau xem có chủ từ chưa ? nếu có chủ từ rồi thì ta dùng WHOM / THAT, nếu chưa có chủ từ thì ta điền WHO / THAT

- Lưu ý : nếu thấy phía sau kế bên chổ trống là một danh từ trơ trọi thì phải xem xét nghĩa xem có phải là sở hửu không, nếu phải thì dùng WHOSE The man son studies at

Ta thấy chữ SON đứng một mình khôNG có a ,the , gì cả nên nghi là sở hửu, dịch thử thấy đúng là sở hửu dùng WHOSE (người đàn ông mà con trai của ông ta )=> The man ( whose ) son studies at - Nếu phía trứoc vừa có người + vật thì phải dùng THAT

The man and his dog THAT

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II Cách dùng WHOSE và OF WHICH

WHOSE :ùng cả cho người và vật This is the book Its cover is nice -> This is the book whose cover is nice -> This is the book the cover of which is nice

WHOSE :đứng trứoc danh từ OF WHICH : đứng sau danh từ ( danh từ đó phải thêm THE )OF WHICH : chỉ dùng cho vật ,không dùng cho người This is the man His son is my friend.-> This is the man the son of which is my friend.( sai )-> This is the man whose son is my friend.( đúng )

III NHỮNG LƯU Ý KHI DÙNG ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ ( WHO ,WHICH ,WHOM )

1.Khi nào dùng dấu phẩy ?Khi danh từ đứng trước who ,which,whom là :+ Danh từ riêng ,tên Ha Noi, which Mary, who is

+ Có this ,that ,these ,those đứng trước danh từ :This book, which

+ Có sở hửu đứng trước danh từ :My mother, who is

+ Là vật duy nhất ai cũng biết : Sun ( mặt trời ), moon ( mặt trăng )The Sun, which

2 Đặt dấu phẩy ở đâu ?- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ ở giữa thì dùng 2 dấu phẩy đặt ở đầu và cuối mệnh đề My mother , who is a cook , cooks very well - Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ ở cuối thì dùng một dấu phẩy đặt ở đầu mệnh đề ,cuối mệnh đề dùng dấu chấm This is my mother, who is a cook 3.Khi nào có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ WHO ,WHICH ,WHOM

- Khi nó làm túc từ và phía trước nó không có dấu phẩy ,không có giới từ ( whose không được bỏ ) This is the book which I buy Ta thấy which là túc từ ( chủ từ là I ,động từ là buy ) ,phía trước không có phẩy hay giới từ gì cả nên có thể bỏ which đi :-> This is the book I buy This is my book , which I bought 2 years ago Trước chữ which có dấu phẩy nên không thể bỏ được This is the house in which I live Trước which có giới từ in nên cũng không bỏ which đựơc This is the man who lives near my house Who là chủ từ ( của động từ lives ) nên không thể bỏ nó được 4 Khi nào KHÔNG ĐƯỢC dùng THAT :- Khi phía trước nó có dấu phẩy hoặc giới từ : This is my book , that I bought 2 years ago (sai) vì phía trước có dấu phẩy -.> không được dùng THAT mà phải dùng which This is the house in that I live (sai) vì phía trước có giới từ in -> không được dùng THAT mà phải dùng which 5 Khi nào bắt buộc dùng THAT- Khi danh từ mà nó thay thế gồm 2 danh từ trở lên trong đó vừa có ngừơi vừa có vật The men and the horses that That thay thế cho : người và ngựa 6 Khi nào nên dùng THAT- Khi đầu câu là IT trong dạng nhấn mạnh (Cleft sentences) It is My father that made the table - Khi đứng trước đó là : all, both, each, many, most, neither, none, part, someone, something, so sánh nhất There is something that must be done This the most beautiful girl that I've ever met II Exercises:Rewrite these sentences, using relative pronouns 1 Brenda is a friend.I went on holiday with her.-> ………

2 This is Mr Smith His son Bill plays in our team.->………

3 Her book was published last year It became a best seller.->………

4.This is the bank We borrowed the money from it.->………

5 I told you about a person She is at the door.->………

6 Jack’s car had broken down He had to take a bus.->………

7 I lent you a book The book was written by one my friends.->………

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8 Some boys were arrested They have been released.->………

9 Do you know a restaurant? We can have a good meal there.->………

10 I don’t remember the day I left school on that day.->………

11/ This is the man I met him in Paris

12/ I wanted the painting You bought it.-

13/ This is the chair My parents gave it to me.-

14/ She’s the woman She telephoned the police.-

15/ He’s the person He wanted to buy your house.-

16/ We threw out the computer It never worked properly.-

17/ Are you the man ? The man won the first prize.-

18/ The man was badly injured He was driving the car.-

19/ The children broke the window They live in the next street.-

20/ That’s the woman I was telling you about her.-

21/ Romeo and Juliet were lovers Their parents hated each other

22/ This is the story of a man His wife suddenly loses her memory -

23/ A man brought in a small girl Her hand had been cut by flying glass

24/ There’s the lady Her dog was killed

25/ He’s the person His car was stolen.- _

26/ They’re the people Their shop burned down last week

27/ I’m the person You stayed in my flat.-

28/ This is a story of a group of boys Their plane crashed on an uninhabited island.- 29/ This is Mrs Jones Her son won the championship last year.-

30/ I know the woman You bought the car from her son.-

31/ The roads were crowded with refugees Many of them were wounded.-

32/ The lorry crashed into a bus-load of schoolchildren Six of them were slightly injured.-

33 In prison they fed us on dry bread Most of it was mouldy.-

34 I saw several houses Most of them were quite unsuitable.-

35 He introduced me to his students Most of them were from abroad.-

36 He expected me to pay 2$ for 12 eggs Four of the eggs were broken.-

37 They gave me four very bad tyres One of them burst before I had driven four miles.- 38/ The car crashed into a queue of people Four of them were killed.-

39/ We need a room We can study in that room.-

40/ He invited her to eat out on a day It rained heavily on that day.-

Hãy rút gọn các mệnh đề tính từ trong các câu sau đây(

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