Cấu trúc ôn thi Đại học môn Tiếng Anh năm 2015

DienDanTiengAnh.Net C U TRÚC ÔN THI Đ I H CẤ Ạ Ọ 1) Always/ constantly (lien t c) / ụ continually (lien t c) / ụ forever (mãi) : dung thì hi n t i ti p ệ ạ ế di n khi mu n than phi nễ ố ề Ex: You are always complaining about my cooking. 2) be : dung thì hi n t i ti p di n khi nói v s t m th i/nh t th i, không ph i b n ch t.ệ ạ ế ễ ề ự ạ ờ ấ ờ ả ả ấ Ex: He is being naughty now (c u y đang ngh ch ng m ). He is usually obedient (c u âý th ng ậ ấ ị ợ ậ ườ ngoan). 3) b đ ng: “be/get V3/ed”ị ộ 4) b đ ng truy n khi nị ộ ề ế (nh ng i khác làm gì) : have / get sth ờ ườ done ( Vd: I had my car washed yesterday – tôi đem xe đi r a (ti m r a). Tuy nhiên, th ng dùng “ử ệ ử ườ get” n u có “ế must” (Ex: I must get my car serviced), n u có s ế ự n l cỗ ự (Ex: I eventually -cu i cùng got the car fixed) , và “trong ố câu m nh l nhệ ệ ” (Ex: Get your hair cut! Đi c t tóc đi)ắ (ai b l y c p/… cái gì ) : have sth done (Vd: I had my car stolen yesterday- ị ấ ắ tôi b m t xe) ị ấ - ch đ ng truy n khi n: have sb do sth , get/ask sb to do sth : nh ai làm gìủ ộ ề ế ờ 5) should + V1 : khi đi sau các đ ng t nh : “advise / recommend / suggest / urge (thúc d c) / ộ ừ ư ụ demand (đòi h i) / prefer / insist / request …” ho c sau c u trúc: “It’s important that / It’s necessary ỏ ặ ấ that / It’s good that …” Ex: He advised that you should go home. It’s important that we should be modest. (ph i có that m iả ớ dùng should, n u không có that thì dùng to-V) ế -ta có th ể b shouldỏ trong c u trúc nàyấ Ex: He advised that you go home. It’s important that we be modest. 6) need V-ing : c n đ c = need to be V3/edầ ượ 7) is/are to + V1 = have to (t ng lai) = be supposed to ( Ex: All students ươ are to assemble in the hall at 9:00) 8) be about to = be due to + V1 = be on the point of + V-ing : s pắ 9) wouldn’t V1: không ch u = refused to V1 (quá kh ) (Ex: I asked but she wouldn’t say)ị ứ Won’t V1: s không ch u (Ex: No matter what you say, she won’t tell the truth – Cho dù b n nói ẽ ị ạ gì, cô y s không ch u nói s th t đâu) ấ ẽ ị ự ậ DienDanTiengAnh.Net 10) would V1: th ngườ làm gì trong quá khứ (ch đi v i đ ng t hành đ ng) (Ex: Every week heỉ ớ ộ ừ ộ ’d buy his mother a bunch of flowers) 11) used to V1: đã t ng, đã th ng (+ đ ng t hành đ ng/tr ng thái) (Ex: I used to like (tr ng thái)ừ ườ ộ ừ ộ ạ ạ ice-cream; I used to go (hành đ ng) swimming a lot)ộ 12) was going to V1: đã d đ nh (nh ng không làm)ự ị ư 13) I was wondering if you wanted to… Tôi t h i là b n có mu n… (dùng quá kh nh ng nói ự ỏ ạ ố ứ ư hi n t i : l ch s )ệ ạ ị ự 14) have/has been V-ing: thì hi n t i hoàn thành ti p di n : Cách dung 1: kéo dài đ n gi ng thì ệ ạ ế ễ ế ố hi n t i hoàn thành, cách dung 2: hành đ ng đã ch m d t nh ng đ l i k t qu hi n t iệ ạ ộ ấ ứ ư ể ạ ế ả ở ệ ạ Ex: I’ve been running. That’s why I’m hot. 15) Don’t touch the switch (công t c). ắ  B đ ng: The switch isn’t to be touched. (Công t c không ị ộ ắ đ c ch m)ượ ạ 16) happen to V1 : tình cờ 17) should trong m nh đ ệ ề If : kh năng khó th x y ra (ng i nói không nghĩ s x y ra)ả ể ả ườ ẽ ả Ex: if you should see Ann, could you ask her to call me? (N u b n có g p Ann, hãy nói cô y g i ế ạ ặ ấ ọ tôi nhé?) If your goods should have mistake, please let us know. (N u hàng c a b n b l i, hãy báo ế ủ ạ ị ỗ chúng tôi bi t)ế 18) will/would trong m nh đ ệ ề If : l ch s và nh n m nh.ị ự ấ ạ Ex: If you will / would wait here, I’ll see if Mrs Green is free. (N u b n ch đây, tôi s đi xem ế ạ ờ ở ẽ Bà Green có r nh không)ả 19) If you hadn’t helped us , … = but for your help, … (n u không cóế b n giúp)ạ 20) If + tính từ : (Ex: If interested, apply within. N u thích, hãy n p đ n vào trong)ế ộ ơ Ex: If necessary, take a taxi. 21) Đ o ngả ữ m nh đ ệ ề If : b If và đ o “Had / Were / Should” ra tr c S.ỏ ả ướ Ex: Should you see Ann, could you ask her to call me? 22) It’s time / It’s high time / It’s about time + S + V2/ed (ho c were V-ing) : đã đ n lúcặ ế DienDanTiengAnh.Net It’s time / It’s high time / It’s about time + for O + to V1 23) would rather + S + were/ V2/ed : mu n ai làm gìố Would rather + V1 (+ than V1): mu n làm gì (h n là…) = would sooner … than …ố ơ 24) prefer to-V1 / V-ing : thích h nơ Prefer V-ing to V-ing : thích … h n …ơ Would prefer: thích h n (Ex: ơ I’d prefer it if you didn’t go. Đi u ki n 2)ề ệ Would prefer + O + to-V1 (Ex: I’d prefer you not to go) 25) hardly ever = rarely = scarcely = seldom : hi m khi (nghĩa ph đ nh)ế ủ ị 26) no sooner … than… = harldly / barely / scarcely ….when … : ngay khi … thì…. just as … : ngay khi 27) đ o ngả ữ : khi t mang nghĩa ph đ nh đ ng đ u câu ừ ủ ị ứ ầ G m các t nh : ồ ừ ư Seldom, never, neither(cũng không), nor (cũng không), not, never before, on no account (không vì b t c lý do nào), under/in no circumstances (dù trong hoàn c nh nào), at no ấ ứ ả time = never, by no means (không h , không bao gi ), not only, barely (ch , v a m i), only (only ề ờ ỉ ừ ớ then, only once (ch m t khi), only later, only by…) , hardly, no sooner…ỉ ộ Ex: Only then did she realize the truth. Hardly had they finished work when the light went out. -Not until, only when, only if : đ ng đ u câu ứ ầ đ o ng m nh đ 2.ả ữ ệ ề Ex: Not until she arrived home did she have dinner. Đ o ng v i ả ữ ớ so / such: -So + adj + was + S that …: quá đ n n i (Ex: So hot ế ỗ was the day that he took off his shirt) -Such + was + S that … : quá … đ n n i (Ex: Such ế ỗ was his hunger (c n đói) that he couldn’t ơ go on learning) -Đ o tr ng ng n i ch n/ph ng h ng chuy n đ ngả ạ ữ ơ ố ươ ướ ể ộ ra đ u câu ầ  đ o luôn ả đ ng t raộ ừ tr c ch t (ướ ủ ừ v i đi u ki n S là c m danh t )ớ ề ệ ụ ừ Ex: Her father stood in the doorway  In the doorway stood her father. A portrait of the King was above the fireplace. Above the fireplace was a portrait of the King. Here is/comes Sandra’s car. (nh ng “Here she is” không đ o đ ng t vì S là đ i t “she”)ư ả ộ ừ ạ ừ The rocket (tên l a) went up. ử  Up went the rocket. -Đ o ngả ữ trong câu so sánh b ng và h n v i “ằ ơ ớ as / than”: Ex: The cake was excellent, as the coffee was.  The cake was excellent, as was the coffee. Children watch more television than adults do.  Children watch more television than do adults. DienDanTiengAnh.Net 28) Although / when / if / since (t khi) + V3,ed / V-ing / Adjừ : là d ng rút g n m nh đ (khi S ạ ọ ệ ề c a 2 m nh đ gi ng nhau)ủ ệ ề ố Ex: Although sick, he tried to come. 29) whether …. or … : dù … hay … Whether …. (or not) : dù/li u ….hay khôngệ 30) even if = whether or not : dù … hay không Ex: Even if Tom doesn’t speak Spanish, I think he should still visit Madrid. (= whether or not he speaks Spanish, I think…= whether he speaks Spanish or not, …) 31) Much as … = although : m c dù ặ Ex: Much as I enjoyed the holiday, I was glad to be home. 32) Adj + though / as … : m c dù ặ Ex: Hot though (as) the night air was, they slept soundly. (ng ngon)ủ 33) in spite of the fact that = despite the fact that = although 34) m c đíchụ c a hành đ ng: ủ ộ for + N = to-V1 (I’m saving for a new car = I’m saving to buy a new car) M c đích s d ng c a 1 ụ ử ụ ủ đ v t/thi t bồ ậ ế ị : for + V-ing (An umbrella is used for protecting us from the sun or rain) 35) provided (that) = providing (that) = as long as = so long as = on condition that : mi n là = ifễ Suppose = supposing (that) = Imagine : gi s = ifả ử Given that = Assuming that : c cho là = ifứ In case + S V: l màỡ But for + c m danh t : n u không vìụ ừ ế Ex: Imagine we won the competition! (Imagine what we would do if we won the competition.) Suppose someone told you that I was a spy (gián đi p)! (What would you say?)ệ 36) As if …= as though… : nh thư ể Ex: He acts as if he were in charge. (s th t: he isn’t in charge) (ự ậ không th t hi n t i)ậ ở ệ ạ He acts as if he is in charge. (s th t: he is in charge) (ự ậ th t hi n t i)ậ ở ệ ạ DienDanTiengAnh.Net You look as if you had just seen a ghost. (trông b n nh th v a g p ma) (ạ ư ể ừ ặ không th t quá ậ ở kh )ứ 37) as + m nh đ / Nệ ề : nh , nh làư ư like + m nh đ / Nệ ề : nh , gi ng như ố ư 38) It was ….that….: chính là ….mà… (tr c “that” là danh t / tr ng t / đ i t gì cũng đ c)ướ ừ ạ ừ ạ ừ ượ It was ….who / whom / which … : chính là … mà…(theo quy t c c a m nh đ quan h )ắ ủ ệ ề ệ Ex: It was Mary that gave you the present. ( = Mary gave you the present) 39) M nh đ danh t làm S ệ ề ừ  đ ng t chia s ộ ừ ố ít Ex: What surprised me was his calmness. (= His calmness surprised me) That he didn’t come was surprising. ( = It was surprising that he didn’t come) 40) Câu h i đuôiỏ : -I am …., aren’t I? -V1 …., will you? (câu m nh l nh)ệ ệ -Don’t …., will you? (m nh l nh ph đ nh)ệ ệ ủ ị - Let’s…, shall we? -This / that is …., isn’t it? - There is …., isn’t there? - có t mang nghĩa ph đ nh nh “seldom, nobody, never, scarcely…” , kh ng đ nh?ừ ủ ị ư ẳ ị 41) the+ N + of whom / which = whose + N : m nh đ quan hệ ề ệ Ex: The table the leg of which was broken yesterday has been repaired. = The table whose leg was broken yesterday has been repaired. 42) must + V1 : ch c là ắ  ph đ nh: ủ ị can’t V1 : không th nào (suy đoán hi n t i)ể ệ ạ must have V3/ed : ch c là đã ắ  ph đ nh : ủ ị can’t have V3/ed : không th nào đã (suy đoán quá ể kh )ứ - t ng t suy đoán ít ch c ch n h n v i: “may / might / could” : có thươ ự ắ ắ ơ ớ ể mustn’t V1: không đ c phépượ should V1 : nên (khuyên hi n t i)ở ệ ạ should have V3/ed : l ra đã nên (ti c nu i chuy n quá kh )ẽ ế ố ệ ứ 43) If I were you, … : là l i khuyênờ 44) almost = nearly : h u nh , g n nh (th ng đi v i “all, every”)ầ ư ầ ư ườ ớ Ex : Almost everyone likes this food. DienDanTiengAnh.Net Most people : h u h t m i ng i (nói chung)ầ ế ọ ườ Most of the people : h u h t m i ng i (nói riêng v 1 b ph n ng i đan nói)ầ ế ọ ườ ề ộ ậ ườ 45) Nguyên t c 1ắ : hai câu không n i nhau b ng d u ph y, mà ph i có liên t (so, and, but, ố ằ ấ ẩ ả ừ although…) Nguyên t c 2ắ : c m Ving/ p.p luôn có ch t gi ng m nh đ sau.ụ ủ ừ ố ệ ề Nguyên t c 3ắ : không có ch t , không chia thì.ủ ừ 46) tính t / danh t / V3/ed / V-ing / to-V1ừ ừ : có th đ ng sau và b nghĩa cho N ể ứ ổ Ex: Make the world happy; consider him good Make the world a better place; consider him the leader The house destroyed in the fire has been rebuilt. (destroyed : b phá hu ị ỷ  b đ ng)ị ộ The house standing near the pine garden is mine. (standing : đ ng ứ  ch đ ng)ủ ộ Who was the last person to leave the room? 47/ Tính t / V-ing / V3,ed / to-V : Đ NG Đ U CÂU HO C CU I CÂU LÀM TR NG ừ Ứ Ầ Ặ Ố Ạ NG , NGĂN v i m nh đ chính B NG D U PH Y Ữ ớ ệ ề Ằ Ấ Ẩ (th c ch t đây là d ng rút g n m nh đ )ự ấ ạ ọ ệ ề - V-ing , S + V : nghĩa ch đ ng ( ủ ộ Finishing homework, she went to bed) Having V3/ed , S + V : đã (Having finished homework, she went to bed) - V3/ed , S + V : nghĩa b đ ng (b , đ c) (ị ộ ị ượ Cooked well, the food was more delicious) - To-V , S + V : Đ … (ể To save money, I have to skip breakfast) - Tính t , S+ V (ừ Tired, she went to bed early) 48) Bare infinitive: nguyên m u không toẫ God save the Queen! Long live the King! = May the King live long! Chúc Hoàng th ng v n tuượ ạ ế Be that as it may, … : Tuy v y = Neverthelessậ Come what may, … : Dù chuy n gì x y ra = Whatever may come / happen ệ ả 49) No matter what = whatever + (N) + S + V, …: cho dù = It doesn’t matter what … No matter how = however + adj/adv + S + V, …: cho dù = It doesn’t matter how … T ng t v i who/whoever, where/wherever, when/ whenever…ươ ự ớ 50) likely (adj) : có thể It’s very likely that she’ll ring me tonight: r t có th là cô y s g i đi n cho tôi t i nayấ ể ấ ẽ ọ ệ ố He is likely to come now : anh y có th đ n bây giấ ể ế ờ 51) Given + c m danh t , … căn c vàoụ ừ ứ DienDanTiengAnh.Net Ex: Given his age, he' s a remarkably fast runner = tu i anh ta, anh ta th t là m t ng i ch y r t Ở ổ ậ ộ ườ ạ ấ nhanh. 52) regardless of …: b t ch pấ ấ allergic to … (adj) : d ng v i, ghét, có ác c m v i ị ứ ớ ả ớ However, … : tuy nhiên (có th đ ng cu i / gi a câu)ể ứ ố ữ Nevertheless, … : tuy v y (trang tr ng h n However)ậ ọ ơ While = Whereas …: trong khi (n i 2 ý t ng ph n)ố ươ ả 53) NGO I L Đ C /id/ khi thêm –ed:Ạ Ệ Ọ * aged : có tu i là, l n tu i (adj) ổ ớ ổ * blessed : th n thánh, thiêng liêng, h nh phúc, may m n (adj)ầ ạ ắ * crooked : cong, o n, còng (adj)ằ * dogged : ngoan c ng, b n bườ ề ỉ (adj) * learned : h c r ng, uyên bác (adj)ọ ộ * naked : tr n (adj)ầ * ragged : x xác, t t i, bù xù (adj)ơ ả ơ * wicked : x u xa, đ c ác, nguy hi m (adj)ấ ộ ể * wretched : kh n kh , cùng kh , b t h nh (adj)ố ổ ổ ấ ạ 54) PHRASAL VERBS: Cut down on = reduce the amount of : c t ắ gi mả Catch up with = reach the same place as : b t ắ k pị Come up against = meet , encounter (g p ặ ph i) ả Come up with = think of : nghĩ ra Drop in on = visit : ghé thăm Face up to V-ing = accept , deal with : ch p ấ nh n, gi i quy tậ ả ế Feel up to = feel fit to do : c m th y khoả ấ ẻ Get away with = avoid discovery : tr n đi v iố ớ Get on with = continue with : ti p t c v iế ụ ớ Get round to V-ing = find time to do : có th i ờ gian Get up to = do, often something wrong : làm chuy n gì saiệ Go in for = have as a hobby : thích Grow out of = become too old for : quá già để Keep up with = stay in the same place as : b t ắ k p, theo k pị ị Look down on = disrespect : coi th ngườ Look up to = respect : coi tr ngọ Look forward to : mong Make up for = compensate for : b i th ng ồ ườ cho, đ n choề Put up with = bear : ch u đ ngị ự Run out of = have no more of : h t, c nế ạ Stand up for = defend : ng hủ ộ Ask after = ask for news of : h i thămỏ Call for = come and collect : đ n r cế ướ . không), nor (cũng không), not, never before, on no account (không vì b t c lý do nào), under/in no circumstances (dù trong hoàn c nh nào), at no ấ ứ ả time = never, by no means (không h , không. come now : anh y có th đ n bây giấ ể ế ờ 51) Given + c m danh t , … căn c vàoụ ừ ứ DienDanTiengAnh.Net Ex: Given his age, he' s a remarkably fast runner = tu i anh ta, anh ta th. DienDanTiengAnh.Net C U TRÚC ÔN THI Đ I H CẤ Ạ Ọ 1) Always/ constantly (lien t c) / ụ continually (lien t c) / ụ forever