It’s important that we should be modest.. It’s important that we be modest... Hardly had they finished work when the light went out.. A portrait of the King was above the fireplace.. Ab
Trang 1C U TRÚC ÔN THI Đ I H C Ấ Ạ Ọ
1) Always/ constantly (lien t c) / ụ continually (lien t c) / ụ forever (mãi) : dung thì hi n t i ti p ệ ạ ế
di n khi mu n than phi nễ ố ề
Ex: You are always complaining about my cooking
2) be : dung thì hi n t i ti p di n khi nói v s t m th i/nh t th i, không ph i b n ch t.ệ ạ ế ễ ề ự ạ ờ ấ ờ ả ả ấ
Ex: He is being naughty now (c u y đang ngh ch ng m ). He is usually obedient (c u âý th ng ậ ấ ị ợ ậ ườ ngoan)
3) b đ ng: “be/get V3/ed”ị ộ
4) b đ ng truy n khi nị ộ ề ế (nh ngờ ười khác làm gì) : have / get sth done ( Vd: I had my car washed yesterday – tôi đem xe đi r a (ti m r a). Tuy nhiên, thử ệ ử ường dùng “get” n u có “ế must” (Ex: I must
get my car serviced), n u có s ế ự n l c ỗ ự (Ex: I eventually cu i cùng got the car fixed) , và “trong ố
câu m nh l nh ệ ệ ” (Ex: Get your hair cut! Đi c t tóc đi)ắ
(ai b l y c p/… cái gì ) : have sth done (Vd: I had my car stolen yesterday ị ấ ắ tôi b m t xe) ị ấ
ch đ ng truy n khi n: have sb do sth , get/ask sb to do sth : nh ai làm gìủ ộ ề ế ờ
5) should + V1 : khi đi sau các đ ng t nh : “advise / recommend / suggest / urge (thúc d c) / ộ ừ ư ụ demand (đòi h i) / prefer / insist / request …” ho c sau c u trúc: “It’s important that / It’s necessary ỏ ặ ấ that / It’s good that …”
Ex: He advised that you should go home. It’s important that we should be modest. (ph i có that m iả ớ dùng should, n u không có that thì dùng toV) ế
ta có th ểb shouldỏ trong c u trúc nàyấ
Ex: He advised that you go home. It’s important that we be modest.
6) need Ving : c n đầ ược = need to be V3/ed
7) is/are to + V1 = have to (t ng lai) = be supposed to ( Ex: All students ươ are to assemble in the hall at 9:00)
8) be about to = be due to + V1 = be on the point of + Ving : s pắ
9) wouldn’t V1: không ch u = refused to V1 (quá kh ) (Ex: I asked but she wouldn’t say)ị ứ
Won’t V1: s không ch u (Ex: No matter what you say, she won’t tell the truth – Cho dù b n nói ẽ ị ạ
gì, cô y s không ch u nói s th t đâu) ấ ẽ ị ự ậ
Trang 210) would V1: th ng ườ làm gì trong quá khứ (ch đi v i đ ng t hành đ ng) (Ex: Every week heỉ ớ ộ ừ ộ ’d buy his mother a bunch of flowers)
11) used to V1: đã t ng, đã thừ ường (+ đ ng t hành đ ng/tr ng thái) (Ex: I used to like (tr ng thái)ộ ừ ộ ạ ạ icecream; I used to go (hành đ ng) swimming a lot)ộ
12) was going to V1: đã d đ nh (nh ng không làm)ự ị ư
13) I was wondering if you wanted to… Tôi t h i là b n có mu n… (dùng quá kh nh ng nói ự ỏ ạ ố ứ ư
hi n t i : l ch s )ệ ạ ị ự
14) have/has been Ving: thì hi n t i hoàn thành ti p di n : Cách dung 1: kéo dài đ n gi ng thì ệ ạ ế ễ ế ố
hi n t i hoàn thành, cách dung 2: hành đ ng đã ch m d t nh ng đ l i k t qu hi n t iệ ạ ộ ấ ứ ư ể ạ ế ả ở ệ ạ
Ex: I’ve been running. That’s why I’m hot
15) Don’t touch the switch (công t c). ắ B đ ng: The switch isn’t to be touched. (Công t c không ị ộ ắ
được ch m)ạ
16) happen to V1 : tình cờ
17) should trong m nh đ ệ ềIf : kh năng khó th x y ra (ng i nói không nghĩ s x y ra)ả ể ả ườ ẽ ả
Ex: if you should see Ann, could you ask her to call me? (N u b n có g p Ann, hãy nói cô y g i ế ạ ặ ấ ọ tôi nhé?)
If your goods should have mistake, please let us know. (N u hàng c a b n b l i, hãy báo ế ủ ạ ị ỗ chúng tôi bi t)ế
18) will/would trong m nh đ ệ ềIf : l ch s và nh n m nh.ị ự ấ ạ
Ex: If you will / would wait here, I’ll see if Mrs Green is free. (N u b n ch đây, tôi s đi xem ế ạ ờ ở ẽ
Bà Green có r nh không)ả
19) If you hadn’t helped us , … = but for your help, … (n u không cóế b n giúp)ạ
20) If + tính từ : (Ex: If interested, apply within. N u thích, hãy n p đ n vào trong)ế ộ ơ
Ex: If necessary, take a taxi
21) Đ o ngả ữ m nh đ ệ ềIf : b If và đ o “Had / Were / Should” ra tr c S.ỏ ả ướ
Ex: Should you see Ann, could you ask her to call me?
22) It’s time / It’s high time / It’s about time + S + V2/ed (ho c were Ving) : đã đ n lúcặ ế
Trang 323) would rather + S + were/ V2/ed : mu n ai làm gìố
Would rather + V1 (+ than V1): mu n làm gì (h n là…) = would sooner … than …ố ơ
24) prefer toV1 / Ving : thích h nơ
Prefer Ving to Ving : thích … h n …ơ
Would prefer: thích h n (Ex: ơ I’d prefer it if you didn’t go. Đi u ki n 2)ề ệ
Would prefer + O + toV1 (Ex: I’d prefer you not to go)
25) hardly ever = rarely = scarcely = seldom : hi m khi (nghĩa ph đ nh)ế ủ ị
26) no sooner … than… = harldly / barely / scarcely ….when … : ngay khi … thì…
just as … : ngay khi
27) đ o ngả ữ : khi t mang nghĩa ph đ nh đ ng đ u câu ừ ủ ị ứ ầ
G m các t nh : ồ ừ ư Seldom, never, neither(cũng không), nor (cũng không), not, never before, on
Ex: Only then did she realize the truth. Hardly had they finished work when the light went out Not until, only when, only if : đ ng đ u câu ứ ầ đ o ng m nh đ 2.ả ữ ệ ề
Ex: Not until she arrived home did she have dinner
Đ o ng v i ả ữ ớ so / such:
So + adj + was + S that …: quá đ n n i (Ex: So hot ế ỗ was the day that he took off his shirt) Such + was + S that … : quá … đ n n i (Ex: Such ế ỗ was his hunger (c n đói) that he couldn’t ơ
go on learning)
Đ o tr ng ng n i ch n/phả ạ ữ ơ ố ương hướng chuy n đ ngể ộ ra đ u câu ầ đ o luôn ả đ ng t raộ ừ
trước ch t (ủ ừ v i đi u ki n S là c m danh t )ớ ề ệ ụ ừ
Ex: Her father stood in the doorway In the doorway stood her father
A portrait of the King was above the fireplace. Above the fireplace was a portrait of the King
Here is/comes Sandra’s car. (nh ng “Here she is” không đ o đ ng t vì S là đ i t “she”)ư ả ộ ừ ạ ừ The rocket (tên l a) went up. ử Up went the rocket
Đ o ngả ữ trong câu so sánh b ng và h n v i “ằ ơ ớ as / than”:
Ex: The cake was excellent, as the coffee was. The cake was excellent, as was the coffee
Children watch more television than adults do. Children watch more television than do
adults
Trang 428) Although / when / if / since (t khi) + V3,ed / Ving / Adjừ : là d ng rút g n m nh đ (khi S ạ ọ ệ ề
c a 2 m nh đ gi ng nhau)ủ ệ ề ố
Ex: Although sick, he tried to come.
29) whether …. or … : dù … hay …
Whether …. (or not) : dù/li u ….hay khôngệ
30) even if = whether or not : dù … hay không
Ex: Even if Tom doesn’t speak Spanish, I think he should still visit Madrid. (= whether or not he speaks Spanish, I think…= whether he speaks Spanish or not, …)
31) Much as … = although : m c dù ặ
Ex: Much as I enjoyed the holiday, I was glad to be home
32) Adj + though / as … : m c dù ặ
Ex: Hot though (as) the night air was, they slept soundly. (ng ngon)ủ
33) in spite of the fact that = despite the fact that = although
34) m c đíchụ c a hành đ ng: ủ ộ for + N = toV1 (I’m saving for a new car = I’m saving to buy a new car)
M c đích s d ng c a 1 ụ ử ụ ủ đ v t/thi t bồ ậ ế ị : for + Ving (An umbrella is used for protecting us from the sun or rain)
35) provided (that) = providing (that) = as long as = so long as = on condition that : mi n là = ifễ Suppose = supposing (that) = Imagine : gi s = ifả ử
Given that = Assuming that : c cho là = ifứ
In case + S V: l màỡ
But for + c m danh t : n u không vìụ ừ ế
Ex: Imagine we won the competition! (Imagine what we would do if we won the competition.)
Suppose someone told you that I was a spy (gián đi p)! (What would you say?)ệ
36) As if …= as though… : nh thư ể
Ex: He acts as if he were in charge. (s th t: he isn’t in charge) (ự ậ không th t hi n t i)ậ ở ệ ạ
He acts as if he is in charge. (s th t: he is in charge) (ự ậ th t hi n t i)ậ ở ệ ạ
Trang 5You look as if you had just seen a ghost. (trông b n nh th v a g p ma) (ạ ư ể ừ ặ không th t quá ậ ở
kh )ứ
37) as + m nh đ / Nệ ề : nh , nh làư ư
like + m nh đ / Nệ ề : nh , gi ng như ố ư
38) It was ….that….: chính là ….mà… (tr c “that” là danh t / tr ng t / đ i t gì cũng đ c)ướ ừ ạ ừ ạ ừ ượ
It was ….who / whom / which … : chính là … mà…(theo quy t c c a m nh đ quan h )ắ ủ ệ ề ệ
Ex: It was Mary that gave you the present. ( = Mary gave you the present)
39) M nh đ danh t làm S ệ ề ừ đ ng t chia s ộ ừ ốít
Ex: What surprised me was his calmness. (= His calmness surprised me)
That he didn’t come was surprising. ( = It was surprising that he didn’t come)
40) Câu h i đuôiỏ :
I am …., aren’t I?
V1 …., will you? (câu m nh l nh)ệ ệ
Don’t …., will you? (m nh l nh ph đ nh)ệ ệ ủ ị
Let’s…, shall we?
This / that is …., isn’t it?
There is …., isn’t there?
có t mang nghĩa ph đ nh nh “seldom, nobody, never, scarcely…” , kh ng đ nh?ừ ủ ị ư ẳ ị
41) the+ N + of whom / which = whose + N : m nh đ quan hệ ề ệ
Ex: The table the leg of which was broken yesterday has been repaired
= The table whose leg was broken yesterday has been repaired
42) must + V1 : ch c là ắ ph đ nh: ủ ị can’t V1 : không th nào (suy đoán hi n t i)ể ệ ạ
must have V3/ed : ch c là đã ắ ph đ nh : ủ ị can’t have V3/ed : không th nào đã (suy đoán quá ể
kh )ứ
tương t suy đoán ít ch c ch n h n v i: “may / might / could” : có thự ắ ắ ơ ớ ể
mustn’t V1: không đ c phépượ
should V1 : nên (khuyên hi n t i)ở ệ ạ
should have V3/ed : l ra đã nên (ti c nu i chuy n quá kh )ẽ ế ố ệ ứ
43) If I were you, … : là l i khuyênờ
44) almost = nearly : h u nh , g n nh (th ng đi v i “all, every”)ầ ư ầ ư ườ ớ
Ex : Almost everyone likes this food
Trang 6Most people : h u h t m i ng i (nói chung)ầ ế ọ ườ
Most of the people : h u h t m i ng i (nói riêng v 1 b ph n ng i đan nói)ầ ế ọ ườ ề ộ ậ ườ
45) Nguyên t c 1ắ : hai câu không n i nhau b ng d u ph y, mà ph i có liên t (so, and, but, ố ằ ấ ẩ ả ừ
although…)
Nguyên t c 2ắ : c m Ving/ p.p luôn có ch t gi ng m nh đ sau.ụ ủ ừ ố ệ ề
Nguyên t c 3ắ : không có ch t , không chia thì.ủ ừ
46) tính t / danh t / V3/ed / Ving / toV1ừ ừ : có th đ ng sau và b nghĩa cho N ể ứ ổ Ex: Make the world happy; consider him good
Make the world a better place; consider him the leader
The house destroyed in the fire has been rebuilt. (destroyed : b phá hu ị ỷ b đ ng)ị ộ
The house standing near the pine garden is mine. (standing : đ ng ứ ch đ ng)ủ ộ
Who was the last person to leave the room?
47/ Tính t / Ving / V3,ed / toV : Đ NG Đ U CÂU HO C CU I CÂU LÀM TR NG ừ Ứ Ầ Ặ Ố Ạ
NG , NGĂN v i m nh đ chính B NG D U PH Y Ữ ớ ệ ề Ằ Ấ Ẩ (th c ch t đây là d ng rút g n m nh đ )ự ấ ạ ọ ệ ề
Ving , S + V : nghĩa ch đ ng ( ủ ộ Finishing homework, she went to bed)
Having V3/ed , S + V : đã (Having finished homework, she went to bed)
V3/ed , S + V : nghĩa b đ ng (b , đị ộ ị ược) (Cooked well, the food was more delicious)
ToV , S + V : Đ … (ể To save money, I have to skip breakfast)
Tính t , S+ V (ừ Tired, she went to bed early)
48) Bare infinitive: nguyên m u không toẫ
God save the Queen!
Long live the King! = May the King live long! Chúc Hoàng th ng v n tuượ ạ ế
Be that as it may, … : Tuy v y = Neverthelessậ
Come what may, … : Dù chuy n gì x y ra = Whatever may come / happen ệ ả
49) No matter what = whatever + (N) + S + V, …: cho dù = It doesn’t matter what …
No matter how = however + adj/adv + S + V, …: cho dù = It doesn’t matter how …
Tương t v i who/whoever, where/wherever, when/ whenever…ự ớ
50) likely (adj) : có thể
It’s very likely that she’ll ring me tonight: r t có th là cô y s g i đi n cho tôi t i nayấ ể ấ ẽ ọ ệ ố
He is likely to come now : anh y có th đ n bây giấ ể ế ờ
51) Given + c m danh t , … căn c vàoụ ừ ứ
Trang 7Ex: Given his age, he' s a remarkably fast runner = tu i anh ta, anh ta th t là m t ngỞ ổ ậ ộ ười ch y r t ạ ấ nhanh
52) regardless of …: b t ch pấ ấ
allergic to … (adj) : d ng v i, ghét, có ác c m v i ị ứ ớ ả ớ
However, … : tuy nhiên (có th đ ng cu i / gi a câu)ể ứ ố ữ
Nevertheless, … : tuy v y (trang tr ng h n However)ậ ọ ơ
While = Whereas …: trong khi (n i 2 ý t ng ph n)ố ươ ả
53) NGO I L Đ C /id/ khi thêm –ed:Ạ Ệ Ọ
* aged : có tu i là, l n tu i (adj) ổ ớ ổ
* blessed : th n thánh, thiêng liêng, h nh phúc, may m n (adj)ầ ạ ắ
* crooked : cong, o n, còng (adj)ằ
* dogged : ngoan cường, b n bề ỉ (adj)
* learned : h c r ng, uyên bác (adj)ọ ộ
* naked : tr n (adj)ầ
* ragged : x xác, t t i, bù xù (adj)ơ ả ơ
* wicked : x u xa, đ c ác, nguy hi m (adj)ấ ộ ể
* wretched : kh n kh , cùng kh , b t h nh (adj)ố ổ ổ ấ ạ
54) PHRASAL VERBS:
Cut down on = reduce the amount of : c t ắ
gi mả
Catch up with = reach the same place as : b t ắ
k pị
Come up against = meet , encounter (g p ặ
ph i) ả
Come up with = think of : nghĩ ra
Drop in on = visit : ghé thăm
Face up to Ving = accept , deal with : ch p ấ
nh n, gi i quy tậ ả ế
Feel up to = feel fit to do : c m th y khoả ấ ẻ
Get away with = avoid discovery : tr n đi v iố ớ
Get on with = continue with : ti p t c v iế ụ ớ
Get round to Ving = find time to do : có th i ờ
gian
Get up to = do, often something wrong : làm chuy n gì saiệ
Go in for = have as a hobby : thích Grow out of = become too old for : quá già để Keep up with = stay in the same place as : b t ắ
k p, theo k pị ị Look down on = disrespect : coi thường Look up to = respect : coi tr ngọ
Look forward to : mong Make up for = compensate for : b i thồ ường cho, đ n choề
Put up with = bear : ch u đ ngị ự Run out of = have no more of : h t, c nế ạ Stand up for = defend : ng hủ ộ
Ask after = ask for news of : h i thămỏ Call for = come and collect : đ n rế ước