WET TESTING OF TEXTILE MATERIALS

WET TESTING OF TEXTILE MATERIALS 3/26/2015 Md.Azmeri Latif Beg MSc. in Textile Engineering(DIU) BSc. in Textile Engineering(CU) At first I thanks to Allah who has created us. Then I give thanks to my honorable course instructor Ismat Zerin who teaches us nicely. My special thanks also goes to lab instructor Md. Rafiqul Islam who learn us friendly. Exp number Name of experiment 1 Color fastness to Perspiration. 2 Color fastness to Wash 3 Measuring shrinkage% to Wash 4 Color fastness to Rubbing 5 Dyeing of blended fabric with disperse and reactive dye (Hot brand). 6 Improvement of color fastness properties Color fastness is one of the important factors in case of buyers demand. The outstandingly important property of a dyed material is the fastness of the shade of color. Color fastness refers to the resistance of color to fade or bleed of a dyed or printed textile materials to various types of influences e.g. water, light, rubbing, washing, perspiration etc. to which they are normally exposed in textile manufacturing and in daily use. We have written a lot of articles on color fastness. Standards of Color Fastness: 1. AATCC (American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists) technical manual: Describes 66 numbers of different color fastness tests. 2. SDC (Society of Dyers and Colorists): In 1927, SDC (Europe) made fastness test committee. 3. ISO(International Organization for Standardization): In 1947, ISO made color sub committee. ISO also grades the fastness: For light fastness: 1~8 For other fastness: 1~5 Factors Affecting the Color Fastness Properties: •The chemical nature of the fiber. For example, cellulosic fibers dyed with reactive or vat dyes will show good fastness properties. Protein fibers dyed with acid mordant and reactive dyes will achieve good fastness properties and so on. That is to say compatibility of dye with the fiber is very important. •The molecular structure (e.g.) of a dye molecule: If the dye molecule is larger in size, it will be tightly entrapped inside the inter-polymer chain space of a fiber. Thus the fastness will be better. •The manner in which the dye is bonded to the fiber or the physical form present. •The amount of dye present in the fiber i.e. depth of shade. A deep shade will be less fast than a pale or light shade. •The presence of other chemicals in the material. •The actual conditions prevailing during exposure. Factors Affecting the Color Fastness Properties: The textile color fastness is the capacity of a dyed textile to keep its original aspect without loosing color when being wet, washed or exposed to the light. It is one of the main issue of the textile industry The fiber type used The dye and the fiber used have to be compatible. A cellulosic fiber and a vat dye will have a good resistance. And the polyesters provide a very good result with substantive dyes. The dye type The way the dye is fixed on the fiber is a factor affecting the textile color fastness: the bigger is the dye molecule the easier it will fix on the fiber. There are also insoluble dyes in water so that the textile color fastness is improved when washing. The tone The color fastness depends on the dye quantity present on the fiber. A neutral or pastel color is more resistant than a dark color. Other chemical elements : the fiber finishing The textile color fastness can be altered by different finishing used to improve the user comfort. A fastness is a place, such as a castle, which is considered safe because it is difficult to reach or easy to defend against attack. This test is designed to determine the degree of color which may be transferred from the surface of a colored fabric to a specify test cloth for rubbing (which could be dry and Wet). Experiment Name: - Color Fastness to perspiration. Continuous contact with the human perspiration also affects the fastness of some the dyed fabrics. In fact the perspiration is found to be either slightly alkaline or acidic in nature. When fabric is subjected to this alkaline or acidic perspiration continuously some times the tone and depth of the dyed shade gets affected. We can see how this change can be tested by artificially simulating the perspiration condition. Perspiration Reagents required for Alkaline perspiration Reagents required for Acidic perspiration Histidine mono hydrochloride monohydrate 0.5 gram/litre 0.5 gram/litre Sodium Chloride 0.5 gram/litre 0.5gram/litre Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate 2.5 gram/litre Sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate 2.2 gram/litre 0.1N Sodium hydroxide adjust pH to 8 0.1N Acetic acid pH 5.5 MLR 1:50 Dip the fabric in the above recipe for 30 minutes at 30C; allow it dwell for 14hours under 4.5 kg weight of the perspirometer. Dip the fabric in the above recipe for 30 minutes at 30C; allow it dwell for 14hours under 4.5 kg weight of the perspirometer. Experiment Name: - Color Fastness to perspiration. Recipe Acid Bath Alkali Bath L-Histidine mono-hydrochloride mono-hydrate (C 6 H 9 O 2 N 3 Hcl.H 2 O) 0.5g/L 0.5g/L Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 .2H 2 O) 2.2g/L 2.5g/L Sodium chloride (Nacl) 5g/L 5g/L Distilled water 1000mL 1000mL PH 5.5 8 Temperature 37-38 0 c 37-38 0 c Time 4 hours 4 hours Before knowing about the Color Fastness to perspiration you must have to know about Color Fastness to Wash and Color Fastness to Rubbing. Measurement Principle The garments a\which come into contact with the body where perspiration is heavy may suffer serious local discoloration. This test is intended to determine the resistance of color of dyed textile to the action of acidic and alkaline perspiration. Equipment For Fastness Measurement 1. Perspiration tester 2. Oven, Maintained at 37+-2 Degree centigrade 3. Multifiber test fabric 4. Grey scale 5. Color matching chamber 6. Acidic and Alkaline solution 7. Glass or Acrylic plat3e 8. Weight. Sample size will be 10 CM * 4 CM Test Procedure 1. Wet-o0ut the composite test sample in mentioned alkaline or acidic solution at room temperature. The Material ration will be 1:50 and leave for 30 minutes. 2. Pour off excess solution and place the composite sample between two glass plate or acrylic plate under a pressure of 4.5 KG and place in a oven for 4 hours at 37+- and 2 degree centigrade temperature. 3. Remove the specimen and hang to dry in warn air not exceeding 60 Degree centigrade. Evaluation Evaluation is done by Grey scale in a dyed color matching cabinet and rate from 1 to 5. [...]... good and 1 is bad Range of testing Test result grade Dry 4/5 Wet 2/3 Apparatus: 1 Crock meter 2 Rubbing cloth  Dry  Wet 3) Grey scale Color fastness against rubbing /Crocking In order to determine the color fastness of dyed or printed textiles or leather, this test is used for the determination of color fastness against rubbing, either under dry or under wet conditions Features of Crockmeter: 1.To determine... Fastness of Textiles 2.The equipment consists of a counter 3.It is provided with a flat peg 4.It also consists of an operating handle 5.Tests the color fastness of the textile in a very accurate manner 6.It gives not only accurate but quick results also There are two test methods for rubbing fastness 1.ISO-105-X12 2.AATCC-08 In ISO-105-X12 the wet pickup of the rubbing cloth is 100% While in AATCC08 the wet. .. the Finger : 9 N & 20 N Size of Crocking Cloth : (5 x 5) Cms & (7 x7) cms Length of the Traverse : 100 ±5 mm Counter (Re-settable) : 4-Digit Counter Size of Test Specimen : 25 x 5 Cm Overall Dimension of the Unit : 600 (W) x 190 (D) x 200 (H) mm Net Weight of the Unit : 4 Kg (9 lbs.) Construction : Cold-rolled steel Working Principle of Crockmeter: The crockmeter consists of a rigid flat metallic platform... fastness and durability etc improves automatically because the rubbing is a method to check the fixation of the color on the fabric So if the fixation is good its washing properties will be good Rubbing Fastness depends on: Nature of the Color Depth of the Shade Construction of the Fabric Nature of the color Each color either it is pigment ,Reactive ,Disperse or direct has its own fastness properties... construction of the fabric also effects the fastness properties If the rubbing fastness on 100.80/40.40 is 3 on the gray scale it will be 2-3 on 52.52/22.22 with the same printing parameters So always keep in mind these effects during finalize the required parameters with your customer Always Check Quality construction Color Depth of the Color End Use of the product Specifications of Crockmeter: Diameter of. .. Soda ash Temp Time No of steel Ball Sample size 5g/L 2g/L 950c 30 min 10 10 cm ×4cm Preparation of solution: Standard soap 5g/L and soda ash 2g/L to make a solution Test Report Description of test Test result Color change in shade 2 Staining to Acetate 4 Cotton 1 Polyamide 2 Polyester 4 Acrylic 4 Wool 1 Example of multifiber Experiment Name: -Color fastness to rubbing Interpretation of Grade: Gray scale... are two test methods for rubbing fastness 1.ISO-105-X12 2.AATCC-08 In ISO-105-X12 the wet pickup of the rubbing cloth is 100% While in AATCC08 the wet Pickup of the rubbing cloth is 65%.We check rubbing by Dry and Wet methods In wet rubbing we wet the rubbing cloth according to test method and give rating by comparing the Staining with the gray scale Similarly for dry rubbing we check the rubbing with... under a specified load The platform is fixed over the base of the equipment and lies in a horizontal plane The test specimen is held firmly over an abrasive paper which is pasted on the upper face of the platform, with the help of two pins holding it at both ends The abrading finger has a flat circular rubbing face which is covered with 4 piece of white abradant fabric during the test The abradant fabrics... which have poor Color fastness properties because of their chemical structure Like Black color is a carbon base color and the particle size of carbon is large than the other colors that's why its rubbing properties are poor Similarly red and blue are in the same case So to improve the color fastness we add more binder to improve the fastness properties of these colors It doesn't mean that we can not... improve the light fastness properties by natural sunlight If we get the LF grade 2-3, then we make light fastness improvement by the sample with the solution of 1% detergent washing to get sample light also remove unfixed dyes Then we dry it in the present of sunlight for 12-20 hours After this if we test LF may get 3-4 rating it is only for sample improvement which is already formed garments  . WET TESTING OF TEXTILE MATERIALS 3/26/2015 Md.Azmeri Latif Beg MSc. in Textile Engineering(DIU) BSc. in Textile Engineering(CU) At first I thanks to. ISO-105-X12 the wet pickup of the rubbing cloth is 100% .While in AATCC- 08 the wet Pickup of the rubbing cloth is 65%.We check rubbing by Dry and Wet methods. In wet rubbing we wet the rubbing. determination of color fastness against rubbing, either under dry or under wet conditions. Features of Crockmeter: 1.To determine the Color Fastness of Textiles. 2.The equipment consists of a counter. 3.It