Đề cương ôn tập tiếng Anh 8 KII

CNG ễN TP TING ANH 8 HKII A. T vng : T bi 9 16 B. Ng phỏp: I. Verb tenses 1.: The simple present perfect tense 1-Cu to: (+) S + have/ has + pp (-) S + have / has + not + pp (?) Have/ Has + S + pp ? -Yes, S + have/ has. -No, S + havent/ hasnt. 2- Cỏch dựng: -Din t 1 s vic va mi xy ra. Ex: She has just arrived at the airport. They have begun a new English class recently. - Din t s vic xy ra khụng nh rừ thi gian. Ex: I have already seen that play. Have you ever been to New York? He has not repaired his car yet? - Din t mt s vic ó xy ra trong quỏ kh v cũn liờn quan n hin ti Ex: I have lived in Vinh city since 2004. I have lived in Vinh city for 4 years. 3 Cỏc t i kốm: Just, since, for, recently, yet, never, ever, already, before, so far, its the first/ second time, up to now, up to the present, till now(cho ti bõy gi) * V trớ ca cỏc t: - Just, never, ever, already ng ngay sau have/ has. - Yet, before ng cui cõu. *Notes: yet: ch dung trong cõu ph nh v cõu hi. For + khong thi gian. Since + mc thi gian quỏ kh. Never: mang ngha ph nh. 2: the past continuous tense 1-Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn: (past continuous) a- Cu to: (+)S + was/ were + V-ing (-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing (?) Was/ Were + S + V-ing ? -Yes, S + was/ were. -No, S + was/ were + not. b-Cách dùng: -Diễn tả 1 hành động đang diễn ra tại 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. Ex: I was watching TV at 8 oclock last night. -Diễn tả 1 hành động đang xảy ra thì hành động khác cắt ngang. Ex: When my mother came, I was watching TV. (hành động nào xảy ra trớc: chia ở QKTD, hành động xảy ra sau: chia ở QKĐ và đi kèm when) -Diễn tả 2 hành động cùng xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. Ex:While I was watching TV, my father was reading a newspaper. c-Các từ đi kèm: At 8 oclock last night, at this time last week/ month/ year, when , while. *Một số động từ không chia ở thì tiếp diễn: Hear, know, understand, have, love, like, want, prefer, need, wish 1 2-Th× hiƯn t¹i tiÕp diƠn víi always: Mang ý nghÜa than phiỊn vỊ ®iỊu g×: You are always getting up late in winter. à Mai is always getting up late in winter. - Asks Ss if they often talk in class in order to give the complain Encourage Ss to give the complain about their friends: S A : You are always talking in class. à Minh is always talking in class. à S + am/ is / are + always + V ing II: Structures 1- : It’s + adjective + to-V - It’s dangerous to swim in that river. ( Bơi ở con sông đó thật nguy hiểm.) - It’s easy to learn English. ( Học tiếng Anh rất dễ.) - It’s difficult to do that exercise. ( Làm bài tập đó rất khó.) Những tính từ thường gặp trong cấu trúc này là: It’s + easy, difficult, hard, dangerous, important, necessary, interesting, nice, great… => adj + to V… = To V + tobe + adj = V-ing + tobe + adj… 2-: Subject + Verb + adjective + noun clause - They are delighted that you passed your exam. (Họ rất vui khi bạn thi đậu.) - He was happy that you remembered his birthday. ( Ông ấy rất vui khi bạn nhớ sinh nhật của ông ấy.) - I’m sure that they will come. (Tôi chắc chắn họ sẽ đến.) Những Adjectives thường gặp trong cấu trúc này là: happy, delighted, sad, sure, certain, relieved, afraid, sorry… 3. PHRASE OF PURPOSE Ta có thể dùng cấu trúc so as (not) to + Vo hoặc in order (not) to + Vo để diễn tả 1 mục đích. Ví dụ: - I study hard in order to pass the exam. - I study hard so as to pass the exam 4: V-ing and V-ed participles - HiƯn t¹i ph©n tõ vµ qu¸ khø ph©n tõ: V-ing and V-ed participles: Có 2 loại Participle Phrases : Present Participle Phrases và Past Participle Phrases. a. Present Participle Phrases: diễn tả ý “đang làm gì”. - The boy standing over there is Jack. - The boys playing in the garden are his sons. b. Past Participle Phrases: diễn tả ý thụ động (Passive) - The car made from recycled aluminum cans is 5 dollars. - The doll dressed in blue is Mary’s. 5-c©u yªu cÇu vµ ®Ị nghÞ: • Chúng ta có thể dùng 1 trong những cách sau đây để đưa ra 1 lời đề nghò hoặc yêu cầu. Lưu ý động từ đứng sau mind phải ở dạng V-ing (Gerund) Do you mind +V-ing Would you mind - Do you mind opening the window? (Phiền bạn mở dùm cửa sổ.) - Would you mind opening the window? (Phiền bạn mở dùm cửa sổ.) * Nếu đồng ý, ta có thể dùng 1 trong những cách sau đây: - No, I don’t mind. - No, of course not. - Not at all. - No problem. * Nếu không thể làm theo yêu cầu, ta có thể dùng 1 trong những cách sau đây: 2 - I’m sorry, I can’t. - I’m afraid, I can’t. - I’m sorry, that is not possible. • Nếu muốn xin phép cho mình làm chuyện gì, ta có thể dùng 1 trong những cách sau đây: Do you mind if I + V-htđ Would you mind if I + V-qkđ - Do you mind if I open the window? (Tôi mở cửa sổ có phiền cho bạn không?) - Would you mind if I opened the window? (Tôi mở cửa sổ có phiền cho bạn không?) * Nếu đồng ý, ta có thể dùng 1 trong những cách sau đây: - No, I don’t mind. - No, of course not. - Not at all. - No problem. - Please do. - Please go ahead. * Nếu không đồng ý, ta có thể dùng 1 trong những cách sau đây: - I’d prefer you didn’t. - I’d rather you didn’t. 3 III: passive voice 1-C ỏch chuyn t cõu ch ng sang b ng : S + V + O S + be + pII + by+O *Câu bị động ở thì hiện tại thờng: S + V-s,es + O S + am/ is/ are + pII + by+ O Ex: The workers make the pens. The pens are made by workers. *Câu bị động ở thì quá khứ đơn: S + V-ed + O S + was / were + pII + by+ O EX: I visited my grandparents last week. My parents were visited by me last week. *Câu bị động ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành: S + have/ has + V- pII + O S + have/ has + been + pII + by+ O Ex:They have built this house since last week. This house has been built since last week (by them) *Câu bị động của các động từ khuyết thiếu: S + modal + V + O S + modal + be + pII + by+O Ex:He can mend this bike. This bike can be mended by him. Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động: -Xác định chủ ngữ, động từ, tân ngữ của câu chủ động. -Tân ngữ của câu chủ động chuyển thành chủ ngữ của câu bị động. -Viết be ở thì của động từ chính trong câu chủ động. -Viết động từ chính của câu bị động ở dạng quá khứ phân từ. -Chủ ngữ của câu chủ động chuyển thành tân ngữ của câu bị động, viết sau chữ BY. -Nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ nhân xng (they, he, she, we, you) hay đại từ bất định (someone, everyone ) có thể bỏ ở câu bị động. -Đối với động từ khuyết thiếu ở câu bị động, ta thêm BE vào giữa động từ khuyết thiếu và động từ chính (ở dạng quá khứ phân từ) IV: REPORTED SPEECH * Direct reported speech : (Câu trực tiếp- Câu gián tiếp) +Câu trực tiếp: là câu nói đợc thuật lại đúng nguyên văn lời của ngời nói. VD:Tom said, I like reading books. Note: câu trực tiếp đợc viết trong ngoặc kép, và ngăn cách với mệnh đề tờng thuật bởi dấu phẩy. 4 +Câu gián tiếp: Dùng lời mình để thuật lại lời của ngời khác. VD: Tom said he liked reading books. Note: Câu gián tiếp không bị ngăn cách bởi dấu phẩy, dấu ngoặc kép và luôn tận cùng bằng dấu chấm. *Câu trực tiếp và câu gián tiếp bao giờ cũng gồm hai phần: -Câu tờng thuật/ mệnh đề tờng thuật. -Câu trực tiếp hay câu gián tiếp. Câu trực tiếp: Tom said, I like reading books. Câu gián tiếp: Tom said he liked reading books. *Những thay đổi khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp : -Đổi ngôi, đổi thì, từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn theo quy tắc. 1-Đổi chủ ngữ, tân ngữ và các từ chỉ sở hữu cho phù hợp với đối tợng và ngữ cảnh tờng thuật Tom said, I like reading books. > Tom said he liked reading books. He said to me, You can take my book. > He said (that) I could take his book. 3-Đổi từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn: Trực tiếp Gián tiếp This These Here Now Ago Today Tonight Tomorrow Yesterday Last night/ week/ month/ year Next week/ month/ year That Those There Then/ at one/ immediately. Before That day That night The next/ following day. The day before/ the previous day The night/ week/ month/ year before hoặc the previous night The following week/ month/ year. * Các dạng câu trực tiếp chuyển sang câu gián tiếp: 1-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu phát biểu: *Cách chuyển: -Lặp lại từ said/ say. -Bỏ ngoặc kép, bỏ dấu phẩy . -Thay đổi thì, từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn, ngôi cho phù hợp với nghĩa của câu (nếu có) *Công thức: Trực tiếp: S + said, Clause >Gián tiếp: S + said + (that) Clause (lùi thì) VD: Lan said: I am a student. >Lan said (that) she was a student. 2-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu cầu khiến, câu mệnh lệnh: *Cách chuyển: -Đổi động từ say >tell, said >told, sau đó thêm tân ngữ vào sau nó. -Bỏ dấu phẩy, dấu ngoặc kép, dấu chấm than, từ please (nếu có). -Đổi đại từ nhân xng, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn (nếu cần thiết) +Khẳng định: Trực tiếp: S + say/ said, V >Gián tiếp: S + tell/ told + O + to + V VD: She said, Close the books, please! 5 >She told the students to close the books. +Phủ định: Trực tiếp: S + say/ said, Dont + V >Gián tiếp: S + tell/ told + O + not + to + V VD: She said, Dont sit down! >She told me not to sit down 3-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu hỏi đảo (Yes/ No- questions) *Cách chuyển: -Đổi said >asked (hoặc wanted to know/ wondered) sau đó thêm tân ngữ (nếu cần thiết). -Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép, dấu phẩy và dấu hỏi. -Đặt If/ whether lên trớc chủ ngữ của câu gián tiếp +động từ lùi thì. -Đổi ngôi, đổi từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn(nếu cần thiết). Trực tiếp: Do/ Does/ Did + S + V ? >Gián tiếp: S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + V-lùi thì VD: Do you go to school? he said. >He asked me whether/ if I went to school. +Dạng động từ khuyết thiếu: Trực tiếp: Can/ shall/ will+ S + V.? >Gián tiếp: S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + could/ should/ would + V-(BI) VD: Mary said to Nam, Can you speak English? >Mary asked Nam if/ whether he could speak English. 4-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: (Wh-questions) *Cách chuyển: -Đổi said >asked (hoặc wanted to know/ wondered) sau đó thêm tân ngữ (nếu cần thiết). -Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép, dấu phẩy và dấu hỏi. -Đặt từ hỏi wh lên trớc chủ ngữ của câu gián tiếp +động từ lùi thì. -Đổi ngôi, đổi từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn(nếu cần thiết). *Công thức: Trực tiếp: Từ hỏi + do/ does/ did + S + V ? >Gián tiếp: S + asked + O + từ hỏi + S + V-lùi thì VD: Where do you live? he said. >He asked me where I lived. +Dạng động từ khuyết thiếu: Trực tiếp: Từ hỏi + can/ shall/ will+ S + V ? >Gián tiếp: S + asked + O + Từ hỏi + S + could/ should/ would + V VD: Mary said to Nam, How can you speak English? >Mary asked Nam how he could speak English. *Với TOBE: VD1: Are you a student? She asked me. >She asked me if I was a student. VD2: Is she doing her homework? Mary asked him. >Mary asked him if she was doing her homework. VD3: What are you doing? Mai said to Hoa >Mai asked Hoa what she was doing. V: COMPOUND WORDS WITH noun V-ing / TO-INFINITIVE 6 1. QUESTIONS WORDS BEFORE TO-INFINITIVES: Wh-word + to-infinitive Những động từ thường dùng trong cấu trúc này là: tell, show, point out, learn … - He told me what to do. - He showed us how to open the box. - He pointed out where to get tickets. 2. VERB + TO-INFINITIVE Những động từ thường dùng trong cấu trúc này là: start, begin, decide, want, try, manage, would like, agree, … - I want to buy a new shirt. - He decided to go home. - They started to run. COMPOUND WORDS WITH noun V-ing– - Fire- making contest - Rice-cooking festival - Clothes-washing machine C. Exercises I. Choose the correct words or phrases to fill in the blanks: 1. She hasn’t finished the letter _______(already / yet / never ). 2. Lan’s studying hard ______ pass the final exam ( as to / in order to). 3. Do you mind ______ the window ? ( close / closing / to close ). 4. I am happy ______ all the exams. ( to pass / passing / pass ). 5. Finally, we decided _______ to the concert. ( going / go / to go ). 6. The boy ______ next to Hoa is a new comer. ( sits / sitting / to sit ). 7.Would you mind if I_______ you a question. ( asking / to ask / asked ). 8. Ba _____ a shower at 8 o’clock last night. ( is talking / was talking ) 9. He ______ he was aplumber .( says / said / to say ). 10. It is a ___________ contest.(cooking - rice / riced - cooking / rice – cooking ) 11. Which of the following is not a wonder of the world ? ( Angkor Wat / Big Ben / Hanging Gardens of Babylon ). 12. Last week, our school held ______ ( a contest arranging – flower / an arranging – flower contest / a flower – arranging contest ). 13. Would you mind if I _______ off the light. ( turning / turn / turned ). 14. Empty milk bottels are ______ by the milkmen in Britan. (collect / collecting / collected ) 15. Can I get you some madicine ? This sentence is a(n)_______ ( offer / request / promise ). 16. You can only see the ________ nowadays. ( Hangig Gardens of Babylon / Statue of Zues / Piramid of cheops ) 17. We are watching a _______ on TV ( fighting – bull festival / bull – fighting festival / festival bull fighting ). 18. A: Could you call an ambulance, please ? B: ____________ ( all right / yes, please / I’m glad ) 19. The school gate ________ at 5.30 PM every day. ( lock / locks / is locked ) 20.This is a picture os Mount Rushnore where a heads of a four American presidents are ______ into the rock. ( put / carved / cut ) 21. I can see a boy ________ a water buffalo. ( ride / riding / to ride ) 22. It is _________ to travel around Vietnam. ( interesting / interested / interestedly ) 23. Cool the burns immediately so as to ________ tissu damage. ( ease / relieve / minimize ) 24. Milk bottels can be _________ after being cleaned (recycled / thrown away / broken / reused) 25. We are looking for ward to _________ you in May ( seeing / see / to see / be seen ) 7 26. The Piramid of cheops is one of the seven __________ of the world. ( pyramids / temples / wonders 27. Angkor Wat _______ around 1100 to honor a Hindu God ( is built / was built / has been built ) 28. What is a _________ contest ? ( fire – making / fires – making / fire – make ) 29. Do you mind if I __________ here ? ( sitting / to sit / sit ) 30. The boy __________ a book is Ba ( reading / read / to read ) 31. I _______ Cuba in 1990 ( visit / visited / have visited ) 32. Don’t forget to give the vitim a cup of tea when he ( revives / revive / reviving ). 33. It’s _______ to travel around Vienam. ( interesting / interested / interest ). 34. Milions of Christmas cards ________ every year. ( were sent / are sent / send / is sending ). II. Write complete sentences: 1. Sydney Opera House / complete / 1973 2. Nhi asked Nga / she know / My Son 3. You / finish / homework / yet, Ba ? 4. The Le family / sleep / when / the mailman / come. 5. We / delighted / you / instrested / protect / environment 6. While / I / dinner / phone / ring . 7. When / the poem / write ? 8. The celabration / will / hold / tomorrow . 9. They / play / tennis /10.30 yesterday morning. 10. I / have / wonderful time / Sydney. 11. Eiffel Tower / design / Alexandre Gustave Eiffel / 1889. 12. I / like / learn English. 13. She / often / use / it / for reading. 14. Last week / she / buy / English – Vietnamese dictionary. 15. She / always / want / improve her English. III. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first: 1. Do you want to visit Ho Chi Minh City. She asked me 2. The cats has broken many bowls and dishes. Many bowls and 3. Could you send the letter for me ? Would you mind 4. Clement Clarke Moore wrote the poem in 1823. The poem 5. “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children The children said 6. The last time I played tennis was 2003 I haven t ’ 7. She said : “ Can you speak Spanish, Minh ?” She 8. I asked Nam : “Are free toninght ?” I 9. He said to me : “ I don’t know what Lan is doing”. He 10. Ba invited Liz to the rice – cooking festival. Liz IV. Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1. Last night, I _______ ( walk ) along a country road when suddenly I _______ ( hear ) footsteps behind me . 2. A new supermarket ________ ( build ) next year. 3. They ________ ( hold ) the rice – cooking festival every two years. 4. Nga advised Nhi how ________ ( go ) from My Son to Hoi An 5. The rice – cooking festival _________ ( hold ) every two years . 8 6. The letter _______ ( post ) a week ago and it _______ ( arrive ) yesterday. 7. My mother ________ ( wait ) for me when I _________ ( come ) home . 8. The light ________ ( go ) out while we ________ ( have ) dinner. 9. “What _______ you __________ ( do ) this time yesterday ?” 10. It suddenly _______( begin ) to rain while Laura _________( sit ) in the garden. 11. It is late, so we decided _______ ( take ) a taxi home. 12. It started _______ ( rain ) when they left home . 13. Don’t forget _______ ( turn off ) the lights before _______( go ) out . 14. I ______ ( have ) to go to the dentist last Sunday. 15. Ann ______ ( do ) her homework at 8 o’clock this morning. 16. Would you mind if I _______ ( open ) the door. 17. Nga told Nhi what ________ ( do ) there during the visit. V. Change the following sentences into passive voice: 1. The performed Christmas songs for people in town. 2. Mr. Thanh didn’t teach me last year. 3. Does Viet Nam export rice to many countries ? 4. They have just built a new church near my house. 5. Somebody must do something for these poor men. 6. People speak English and French in Canada. 7. People say that he is the best doctor. 8. Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 9. They will laugh at you wear that silly hat. 10. Miss. Thanh taught me to draw the Christmas cards. 11. My grandfather built this house over 40 years ago. VI. Change these sentences into active voice : 1. They will be helped by the kind man 2. French isn’t taught in this school. 3. Was this symphony written by Mozart ? 4. The Christmas trees were decorated and put at the front door. 5. My camera was stolen from my hotel room a few day ago. 6. Most of the question can be answered by Nam. 7. A new supermarket is going to be built next year. 8. How often are these animals fed ? VII.Rewrite these sentences, using reperted speech: 1. He said to us : “You are my best friends” 2. Nam said : “Lan wants to come here but she isn’t very well” 3. He said to friends : “I must go home now” . 4. Lan said : “I don’t know how to do these exercises”. 5. Nien asked Hoa : “Do you have many friends ?” 6. Thanh said to her teacher: “I will finish my execises at home”. 7. Tom said : “ I am student.” 8. Nga to her brother : “I can’t answer this question”. 9. Charles said : “I’m living in London now.” 10. Johnny said to me “I don’t know what Fred is doing.” 11. She said : “I will answer the phone.” 12. July said : “John wants to come here but he isn’t very well.” 13. Susan said : “ My sister is coming to see me next week.” 14. Judy said to me : “I’m going away for a few days. I’ll phone you when I get back.” VIII. Combine each pair of sentences, using in oder ( not ) to or so as ( not ) to : 1. He always drives carefully. He doesn’t want to cause accidents. 2. The boy stood on the benches. They want to get a better wiew. 3. Nam is studying very hard. He wants to keep pace with his classmates. 4. We turned out the lights. We didn’t want to waste electricity. 9 5. He moved to the front row. He could hear the speaker better. 6. I wish to have enough money. I want to buy a new house. 7. Thanh and Na are going to Australia. They want to learn English. 8. We hurried to school. We didn’t want to be late. 9. T went to the college. I wanted to see Professor Taylor. 10. She wore warm clothes. She didn’t want to get cold. IX. Matching column A with column B: A B 1. Petronas Twin Towers 2. Stonehenge 3. Statue of Zeus 4. The temple of Literature 5. The Great Wall of China 6. Eiffel Tower 7. Big Ben 8. The Piramid of Cheops 9. Taj Mahal 10. Hangig Gardens of Babylon 11. Sydney Opera House 12. Angkor Thom 13. The Statue of Liberty 14. Colosseum 15. Angkor Wat 16. Great Barrier Reef a. England b. Combodia c. The United State of American d. China e. France f. Malaysia g. Egypt h. India i. Iraq j. Australia k. Italy l. Greece m. Viet Nam X. Combine each pair of sentences, using present participle (V-ing) or past participle (V-ed): 1. The baby is crying for her mother. She is sitting in an armchair. 2. The boy was taken to the hospital. He was injured in the accident. 3. Do you know the man ? The man is talking to Tom. 4. The window has been repaired. It was broken last night. 5. The taxi broke down. It was talking us to the airport. The end ! 10 . swim in that river. ( Bơi ở con sông đó thật nguy hiểm.) - It’s easy to learn English. ( Học tiếng Anh rất dễ.) - It’s difficult to do that exercise. ( Làm bài tập đó rất khó.) Những tính từ thường. CNG ễN TP TING ANH 8 HKII A. T vng : T bi 9 16 B. Ng phỏp: I. Verb tenses 1.: The simple present perfect tense 1-Cu. Canada. 7. People say that he is the best doctor. 8. Bell invented the telephone in 187 6. 9. They will laugh at you wear that silly hat. 10. Miss. Thanh taught me to draw the Christmas cards. 11.