Bài tập hóa học 10 nâng cao 1

Cac nguyen td hoa hgc cd ti le sd notron/sd proton ldn han 1,5244 trong nguydn tft cfta ddng vi ^°^Pb thudng khdng bin va tu phan huy thanh cac nguyen td khdc.. A va B la hai nguyen td t

LE XUAN TRONG (Chu bien)

TCr NGOC ANH - LE KIM LONG

Lfi X U A N T R Q N G (Chu bien)

TU NGOC ANH - Lfi KIM LONG

Chu thich cac tir viet tat

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xt H2S04d dktc

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dung dich xiic tac H2SO4 dac dieu kien ti6u chudn

long khf rdn hoc sinh c6ng hoa tri

' Ban quyen thuoc Nha xuat ban Giao due Viet Nam

PHAN M 6 T : CAU HOI VA BAI TAP

ChKcfng 1

NGUYEN TLf

BAI ON TAP 1.1 Ne'u chia d6i lien tiep m6t vien bi sSt de'n khi co duoc phan tit nho nha't

con mang tinh chat hoa hoc dac trung cua sat, phdn tit nho nha't nay duoc

g o i l a g i ?

1.2 Cho mot mdu nudc da, ne'u cii chia dOi mdu nu6c da lien tie'p den khi thu duoc phdn tit nho nha't con mang tinh chdt hoa hoc dac trung ciia nudc Phdn tit nho nhdt nay duoc goi la gi ?

1.3 Trong 0,1 mol mu6'i an co bao nhieu phan tit NaCl ? Mot luong sdt kim loai nguyen chdt chiJa 3,01.10 nguyen tit sat tuong duong vdi bao nhieu mol nguyen tit sdt ?

1.4 d didu kien tieu chudn (dktc) m6t mol khi chie'm m6t thi tich bdng

A 22,4 m l B 22,4dml C 22,4 c m ^ D 2,24 c m l

Hay chon dap an diing

1.5 a) M6t nguyen tit cacbon co kh6'i lucmg bdng 1,99.10"^^ kg Hoi m6t mol nguyen tit cacbon co kh6'i luong bdng bao nhieu gam ?

b) M6t mol phan tif C2H5OH co khdi lugfng bdng 46 g Hoi mot phan tu C2H5OH CO khdi luong bdng bao nhieu gam ?

1.6 Hay xac dinh s6' mol chat co trong :

a) 14,2 g khf clo ;

b) 10 g canxi cacbonat;

c) 16 g Imi huynh ;

d) 34 g amoniac

1.7 Tinh s6 mol HCI cdn thie't d^ phan iing viita dii vdi:

a) 20 ml dung dich NaOH 0,1 M ;

Hay chon dap an diing

1.10 Cho dong khf CO du di qua 7,2 g d6ng(II) oxit nung nong or nhiet dd thfch

hop cho de'n phan iing hoan toan thi thu duoc CO2 va d6ng kim loai Hay : a) Tfnh khdi lugng d6ng thu dugc sau phan iing

b) Tfnh the tfch khf CO (of dktc) da tham gia phan iing

1.11 Nhiet phan hoan toan 18,8 g mu6'i d6ng(II) nitrat thi thu dugc d6ng(II)

oxit, khf NO2 va khf oxi Tfnh khdi lugng ddng(II) oxit thu dugc

1.12 Chgn cau diing trong cac cau sau :

A Trong phan ihig hoa hgc sd mol nguyen tit cac nguyen td co mat trong phan ling khdng thay ddi do cac nguyen td dugc bao toan

B Trong phan iing hoa hgc sd mol nguyen tit cac nguyen td co mat trong phan ling thay doi do cac nguyen td khdng dugc bao toan

C Khdi lugng cac nguyen td cd mat trong phan iing thay ddi do cac nguyen td khdng dugc bao toan

D Sd nguyen tif cac nguyen td cd mat trong phan iing thay ddi do cdc nguyen td' khdng dugc bao toan

Bail

T H A N H PHAN NGUYEN iCf

1.13 Sir dung sd lieu cho trong (bang 1.1) SGK, hay tfnh va tra ldi cac cau hoi sau :

a) Khdi lugng cua mdt proton bang bao nhieu ldn khdi lugng cua electron ? b) Khdi lugng cua electron bdng bao nhidu phdn khdi lugng cua natron ? c) Nguyen tir heli cd 2 proton, 2 natron va 2 electron Hoi khdi lugng ciia

cac electron chidm bao nhieu % khd'i lugng nguyen tit ?

1.14 Trong 1 kg sdt cd bao nhieu gam electron ? Cho bidt mdt mol nguyen t i

sdt CO khdi lugng bdng 55,85 g, mdt nguydn tit sdt cd 26 electron

1.15 Cho rdng hat nhan nguydn tit va chfnh nguyen tit H cd dang hinh cdu Hat

nhan nguyen tit hidro cd ban kfnh gdn diing bdng 10 nm, ban kfnh nguyen tit H bdng 0,053 nm

a) Hay tfnh va so sanh th^ tfch cua nguyen tit hidro vdi Xhi tfch cua hat

nhan nguyen tit hidro

b) Hay tfnh va so sanh khdi lugng rieng cua hat nhan va cua nguyen tit hidro

Cho bie't cdng thiic tfnh thi tfch hinh cdu Id V = ——- trong dd r la ban

kfnh hinh cdu

1.16 Cho bie't lu = 1,6605.10"^'' kg, nguyen tit khdi cua oxi bdng 15,999 Hay

tfnh khd'i lugng cua mdt nguydn tii oxi ra kilogam

1.17 Cho bie't khdi lugng nguydn tit cua C gdp 11,905 ldn khdi lugng nguyen

tif cua hidro Hay tfnh khd'i lugng nguyen tii cua hidro ra u va gam, khi coi khd'i lugng nguyen tit ciia C bdng 12

Bai 2 HAT NHAN NGUYEN T(S

NGUYEN TO HOA HOC 1.18 Nguyen td hoa hgc la

A nhiing nguyen tii cd ciing dien tich hat nhan

B nhiing nguydn tif cd cung sd khd'i

C nhiing nguyen tif cd ciing sd natron

D nhihig phan tit cd ciing phan tft khdi

Hay chgn cau dung

1.19 Chi la mdt nguydn td hod hgc dac bidt cd Z = 82, thudng dugc sit dung di

lam tdm chdn phdng xa Ti le sd ncrtron/sd proton trong nguydn tit chi dugc coi la gidi han bin cua hat nhan Hay xac dinh ti Id nay trong nguyen tit cua nguyen td chi ddng vi ^°^Pb va suy ra dilu kien bin cua cac hat nhan

1.20 Tdng sd p, n, e trong nguydn tut cua nguydn td X la 10 Sd khd'i ciia nguyen tit nguyen td X bdng

A 3 B 4 C 6 D 7

Hay chgn gia tri diing

1.21 Nguydn tft ciia nguyen td X cd tdng sd hat p, n va e bdng 58, s6 hat

proton gdn bdng sd hat natron Tfnh Z va A cua nguydn td X

1.22 Nguyen tft cfta nguyen td X cd tdng sd hat p, n va e bdng 82, tdng sd hat mang dien nhilu han tdng sd hat khdng mang dien la 22 hat Xac dinh Z,

A va vie't kf hieu nguyen tft cua nguyen td X

1.23 Cho cac nguyen td X, Y, Z Tdng sd hat p, n va e trong cac nguyen tft ldn lugt la 16, 58 va 78 Sd natron trong hat nhan va sd hieu nguyen tft cua mdi nguyen td khac nhau khdng qua 1 dan vi Hay xac dinh cdc nguyen td va vidt kf hieu cua cac nguyen td

1.24 Trong day kf hieu cac nguyen tft sau :

14 » 16t) 15p, 18pj 56x3 5 6 p 1 7 ^ 2 0 T T 2 3 T IITJT

7 A ; g t J ; 7 * ^ ; g U ; 3 6 ^ ; 2 7 ^ ; 8*-'; l O " ; 1 1 1 ; I Q K

Cac kf hieu nao chi cung mdt nguyen td hoa hgc Sft dung bang tudn hoan cac nguyen td hod hgc hay xac dinh cac nguyen td da cho Cho bilt ten ggi cua nguyen td, sd hat n, p, e cdu tao ndn 1 nguyen tft cua cac nguySn

td vfta xac dinh

Bai 3

0 6 N G V I , NGUYEN TCT KHOI

VA NGUYEN T Q KHOI TRUNG BINH

1.25 Ddng vi la nhiing

A hgp chdt cd cung dien tfch hat nhan

B nguyen td cd ciing didn tfch hat nhan

C nguyen td cd cung sd khd'i A

D nguyen tft cd ciing dien tfch hat nhan va khac nhau vl sd khd'i

Hay chgn cau dting

1.26 Trong tu nhien brom cd hai ddng vi bin : 35 Br chidm 50,69% sd nguyen tft

81

va jgBr chidm 49,31% sd' nguyen tft Hay tim nguyen tft khd'i trung binh cua brom

1.27 Tfnh nguyen tft khd'i trung binh cua Ni theo sd khd'i cua cac ddng vi trong

tu nhien cua Ni theo sd lieu sau :

i N i ; > i ; fgNi; ^ N i ; f^Ni

68,27% 26,10% 1,13% 3,59% 0,91%

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1.28 Mdt nguydn td X cd hai ddng vi vdi ti le sd nguydn tft la —• Hat nhan

nguyen tft X cd 35 proton Trong nguyen tft cua ddng vi thft nhdt cd

44 natron Sd natron trong nguyen tft cua ddng vi thft hai nhilu hon trong ddng vi thft nhdt la 2 natron Tfnh nguyen tft khd'i trung binh cfta nguyen

t d X ( A x )

1.29 Nguydn td X cd 3 ddng vila Xj chie'm 92,23%, Xj chidm 4,67% va X3

chie'm 3,10% Tdng sd khd'i cua ba ddng vi bdng 87 Sd natron trong X2 nhilu hon trong Xj mdt hat Nguyen tft khd'i trung binh cua X la

Ax = 28,0855

a) Hay tim Xj, X2 va X3

b) Ndu trong X, cd sd natron bdng sd proton Hay tim sd natron trong nguyen tft cua mdi ddng vi

1.30 Cho mdt dung dich chfta 8,19 g mudi NaX tac dung vdi mdt lugng du

dung dich AgNOj thu dugc 20,09 g kd't tua

a) Tim nguyen tft khdi va ggi tdn X

b) X cd hai ddng vi, gia sft sd nguyen tft cfta ddng vi thft nha't nhilu gdp 3 ldn sd nguyen tft cua ddng vi thft hai Hat nhan ddng vi thft nha't c6 it hon hat nhan ddng vi thft hai 2 natron Tim sd khdi cfta mdi ddng vi

1.31 Cho bidt nguyen tft khd'i trung binh cua iridi la 192,22 Iridi trong tu

nhidn cd hai ddng vi la ^77 Ir va ^77 Ir Hay tfnh phdn tram sd nguydn tft

va phdn tram sd mol gdn dung cho hai ddng vi cua iridi

1.32 Trong tu nhien agon cd 3 loai ddng vi bin vdi ti le % nguydn tft la :

1.33 Trong tu nhien oxi cd ba ddng v i : ^ | o ; ^gO ; ^gO; Cacbon cd hai ddng vi

la: gC ; gC Hoi cd thd cd bao nhidu loai phan tft khf cacbonic hgp thanh tft cac ddng vi trdn ? Vid't cdng thftc phan tft va tfnh phan tft khdi cfta chiing

1.34 Trong tu nhidn ddng vi j^Cl chidm 24,23 % sd nguydn tft clo Tinh thdnh

phdn phdn tram vl khd'i lugng 17 Cl cd trong HCIO4 (vdi H la ddng vi

j H, O la ddng vi ^g O) ? Cho nguyen tft khdi trung binh cua clo bdng 35,5

Bai 4

SL; C H U Y E N DONG C O A ELECTRON TRONG NGUYEN TCT

OBITAN NGUYEN TCT

1.35 Hay neu su khdc biet chfnh trong vide md ta chuydn ddng cua cdc

electron theo md hinh nguydn tft cu va md hinh hidn dai

8

1.36 Cac chdm trong hinh anh dam may electron hinh cdu trong nguydn tft

hidro (hinh 1.7 SGK) cd phai la hinh anh cfta mdt electron khdng ? Giai thfch

1.37 Chuydn ddng cfta electron trong nguydn tft hidro cd thd tao ra cdc obitan s

vd p trong dilu kidn nao ? Giai thich

1.38 Phan biet hinh dang va su dinh hudng cfta cac obitan s va p

1.39 Ban kfnh nguydn tft cfta hidro (0,0529 nm) ldn hon ban kfnh nguyen tft

cua heli (0,0128nm) do nguyen nhan gi ? Giai thfch bdng khai niem obitan nguydn tft

1.40* Obitan nguydn tft la gi ? Obitan nguyen tft cd gidi han hay khdng ?

Bai 5 LUYEN TAP V ^ : T H A N H PHAN CAU TAO NGUYEN TCT

KHOI LLTONG CClA NGUYEN TCT

OBITAN NGUYEN TCT

1.41 Tdng sd nguydn tft trong 0,01 mol phan tft mudi amoni nitrat bdng

A 5,418.10^1 B 5,418.10^\ C 6,02.10^1 D 3,01.10^1 Hay chgn dap an dung

1.42 Nguydn tft la phdn tft nho nhdt cua chdt

A khdng mang didn B mang didn tfch duang

C mang dien tfch am D cd thi mang didn hoac khdng mang dien Hay chgn dap dn dung

1.43 Sd hidu nguyen tft cho bidt

A sd proton trong hat nhan nguyen tft hay sd don vi dien tfch hat nhan nguyen tft

B sd electron trong v6 nguyen tft

C sd thft tu cua nguyen td trong bang tudn hoan

D tat ca A, B va C

Hay chgn phuang an dung nhdt

1.44 Cac nguyen td hoa hgc cd ti le sd notron/sd proton ldn han 1,5244 (trong

nguydn tft cfta ddng vi ^°^Pb) thudng khdng bin va tu phan huy thanh cac nguyen td khdc

a) Dua vao bang tudn hoan hay xac dinh ti Id sd natron/sd proton cua cac nguyen td cd sd hidu nguyen tft bdng 90, 91, 92

b) Cac nguyen td nay cd bin khdng ?

1.45 Coi nguyen tft flo (^gF) nhu la mdt khd'i cdu cd dudng kfnh bdng

1,00.10"^ nm va hat nhan cd dudng kfnh bdng 1,00.10 nm Hay tfnh : a) Khd'i lugng hat nhan nguyen tft flo (kg) dua vao bang 1.1 trong SGK b) Ti le thi tfch cua nguyen tft flo va thi tfch cfta hat nhan

c) Tfnh khd'i lugng rieng cfta hat nhan nguyen tft flo

1.46 Trong tu nhien silic tdn tai vdi ham lugng cac ddng vi : j4Si la 92,23%,

f^Si la 4,67% va Jjsila 3,10% Tfnh nguydn tft khd'i trung binh

cfta silic

Bai 6 LdP VA PHAN L 6 P ELECTRON

1.47 Trong mdt ldp electron cd bao nhidu phan ldp electron ? Hay cho bilt cac

kf hidu chi phan ldp electron

1.48 Cac obitan trong mdt phan ldp khac nhau nhu thd nao ?

1.49 Hay xac dinh sd obitan cfta ldp M

1.50 Hay xac dinh sd obitan cd trong phan ldp p va phan ldp d

1.51 Electron 2p thudc vl ldp va phan ldp nao ? Ve hinh dang cua obitan m6

ta electron nay

10

Bai 7

N A N G LapNG C O A C A C ELECTRON TRONG NGUYEN TCT

CAU HlNH ELECTRON NGUYEN T Q 1.52 Hay vidt kf hieu dl chi phan ldp electron vdi electron cud'i ciing d :

a) Ldp thft 2, phan ldp s va electron la ddc than

b) Ldp thft 2, phan ldp p, d lugng tft thft 2 (tft trai sang) va electron la ddc than

c) Ldp thft 3, phan ldp p, d lugng tft thft 2 (tft trai sang) va electron la cap ddi 1.53 Hay giai thfch su sdp xdp cdc electron vao cac obitan trong nguyen tft nito

(Z = 7) di minh hoa cho cac nguyen If viing bin, nguyen If Pau-li va quy

Sd hieu nguyen tft va kf hieu cfta nguyen td X la

A 5, B B.7,N C 8, O D 9, F

Chgn ddp an dung

11

b) Cdu hinh electron ldp ngoai cung cua nguydn tft nguydn td Y dugc phan bd nhu sau :

a) 8 electron d ldp ngoai cung la :

A Ne, Ar, Kr ; B Ne, Ar, Fe ; C Ne, Ar, Fe, Kr ; D Ar, Fe, Kr Hay chgn dap an dung

b) 2 electron d ldp ngoai cung la :

A He, Be, Mg

B He, Be, Mg vd 8 nguydn td nhdm B tft Sc ddn Zn (trft Cr va Cu)

C 8 nguydn td nhdm B tft Sc ddn Zn (trft Cr va Cu)

D He, Be, Mg va 10 nguydn td nhdm B tft Sc ddn Zn

Hay chgn dap an dung

1.61 Hay vid't cdu hinh electron nguydn tft ddy du va cho bidt sd hidu nguyfin tft cfta cac nguydn td cd ldp electron ngoai cung nhu sau :

d ) 3 s '

Bai 8 LUY$N TAP CHUONG 1

1.62 Vidt cdu hinh electron nguydn tft cua magie (Z = 12), photpho (Z = 15) vd cho bidt nguydn td nao la kim loai, nguydn td nao la phi kim ?

12

1.63 Trong sd cdc cdu hinh electron nguyen tft sau, cdu hinh electron nao la

cfta nguyen tft oxi (Z = 8)

A Is^ 2s^ 2p^ ; B Is^ 2s^ 2p'^; C Is^ 2s^ 2p'^; D Is^ 2s^ 2p^ Hay chgn phuang an dung

1.64 Nguyen tft cfta nguyen td P (Z = 15) cd sd electron ddc than bdng

A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

Hay chgn dap an dung

1.65 Nguyen tft R mdt di 1 electron tao ra cation R"^ cd cdu hinh electron

nguyen tft d phan ldp ngoai cung la 2p Vidt cdu hinh electron nguyen tft va su phan bd electron theo obitan cfta nguydn tft R

1.66 Chi dua vdo cdu hinh electron nguyen tft cfta cdc nguyen td cd Z bdng 9,

11, 16 va 20 hay xdc dinh nguyen td nao la kim loai, nguyen td nao la phi kim

1.67* Trong phan tft MjX cd tdng sd hat (p, n, e) la 140 hat, trong dd sd hat

mang dien nhilu han sd hat khdng mang didn la 44 hat Sd khd'i cfta nguyen tft M ldn hon sd khd'i cfta nguyen tft X la 23 Tdng sd hat (p, n, e) trong nguyen tft M nhilu hon trong nguyen tft X la 34 hat Vidt cdu hinh electron cua cac nguyen tft M va X Vidt cdng thftc phan tft cfta hgp chdt

1.68* Hgp chdt Y cd cdng thftc MX2 trong dd M chidm 46,67% vl khd'i lugng

Trong hat nhan M cd sd natron nhilu hon sd proton la 4 hat Trong hat ' nhan X sd natron bdng sd proton Tdng sd proton trong MX2 la 58

a) Tim Aj^ va

Ax-b) Xac dinh cdng thftc phan tft cua MX2

13

Chuang 2 •

BANG TUAN HOAN CAC NGUYEN TO HOA HOC

VA DINH LUAT TUAN HOAN

Bai 9 BANG TUAN H O A N CAC NGUYEN TO HOA HOC

2.1 Hay cho bidt y nghia cua mdt d nguyen td trong bang tudn hoan ?

2.2 Cac nguyen td trong bang tudn hoan dugc xdp theo chiiu tang ddn sd dofn

vi didn tfch hat nhan Thdng thudng nguyen tft khd'i trung binh ciing tang

ddn Tuy nhien cd mdt sd ngoai le : Nguyen td diing trudc cd nguyen tft

khd'i trung binh ldn hon nguyen td diing sau Sft dung bang tudn hoan,

hay tim mdt sd nguyen td dac bidt nay

2.3 Cd thi dinh nghia chu ki theo su thay ddi sd electron dugc khdng ? Giai thfch

2.4 Sd nguyen td trong cac chu ki cfta bang tudn hoan cd gid'ng nhau khdng ?

Ddu hieu nao cho bidt mdt chu ki kdt thuc ?

2.5.' Dua vao cdu hinh electron hay giai thfch vi sao chu ki 3 chi cd 8 nguyen td

2.6 Khdi cac nguyen td gdm cac nhdm nao ? Khd'i nguyen td cdn cd the dugc

SL; B I E N 001 TUAN H O A N CAU HINH ELECTRON NGUYEN l(S

COA CAC NGUYEN l6 HOA HOC

2.8 Ldm thd nao dl phan bidt cac nguydn td nhdm A va nguydn td nhdm B

theo cdu tao ldp vd nguydn tft ?

14

2.9 Cac nguyen td nhdm A va nhdm B cd cung sd thft tu nhdm cd dac diem gi gid'ng va khac nhau ? Ldy thf du nguyen td C va Ti dl minh hoa

2.10 Vi trf cua nguyen td trong bang tudn hoan cd lien he gi vdi cdu tao ldp vd

nguyen tft cfta nguyen td dd Giai thfch va neu thf du minh hoa

2.11 Cho hai nguyen td X va Y d hai d lien tidp trong mdt chu ki cua bang

tudn hoan va cd tdng sd proton bdng 27 Hay viet cdu hinh electron nguyen tft va xac dinh vi trf cua chung trong bang tudn hoan

2.12 Oxit cao nhdt cfta mdt nguydn td nhdm VIA chfta 60 % oxi vl khd'i lugng

Hay xac dinh nguyen td va vidt cdu hinh electron nguyen tft cfta nguyen td dd

2.13 Trong chu ki 2 sd electron ldp ngoai cung thay ddi nhu thd nao ?

2.14 Hay ndu su bidn ddi tudn hoan cdu hinh electron nguyen tft trong bang

Bai 11

SU BIEN 001 MOT SO OAI LUONG V A T LI

C O A C A C NGUYEN TO HOA HOC

2.16 Hay cho bidt dai lugng nao dudi day cfta cac nguyen td bidn ddi tudn hoan theo chiiu tang cfta didn tfch hat nhan :

2.17 Dua trdn cac dft kidn cho dudi day :

Nguyen td Na Mg Al Si P S Cl TnguyentftCnm) 0,157 0,136 0,125 0,117 0,110 0,104 0,099 Hay giai thfch su bidn đi ban kfnh nguydn tft cua cdc nguydn td

2.18 Bdn kfnh nguyen tft cua cac nguydn td Be, F, Li va Q tang đn theo thft tu sau:

Ạ Li < Be < F < Cl; B F < Be < Cl < L i ;

C Be < Li < F < Cl; D Cl < F < Li < Bẹ

Dua vao sd lidu cho d hinh 2.1 SGK, hay chgn phuang an dung

2.19 Ban kfnh cac ion cd cung cdu hinh electron ti Id nghich vdi didn tich hat

nhan cfta nguydn tft Cac ion Na , Mg , F , O diu cd cung cdu hinh

electron Is 2s 2p Sft dung bang tudn hoan xac dinh sd hidu nguydn tft

va chgn day cdc ion cd ban kfnh giam đn :

Ạ Nâ > Mg^"" > F~ > 0^~

B Mg^^ > Na"" > F" > Ố

C F" > Na* > Mg^"" > Ô"

D 0^~ > F~ > Na"^ > Mg^^

Hay chgn dap an dung

2.20 Cac nguyen td Na, Mg, Si, C dugc sdp xdp theo chiiu giam đn nang

lugng ion hoa thft nhdt:

Ạ C > S i > M g > N a ; B Si > C > Mg > Na ;

C C > M g > S i > N a ; D Si > C > Na> Mg

Dua vao sd lieu cho d bang 2.2 SGK, hay chgn dap an dung

2.21 Cac nguyen td Mg, Al, B va C dugc sdp xdp theo thft tu tang đn đ am dien:

Ạ M g < B < A l < C ; B Mg < Al < B < C ;

C B < Mg < Al < C ; D Al < B < Mg < C

Dua vao sd lieu cho d bang 2.3 SGK, hay chgn dap an dung

2.22 Hai nguyen td X va Y d hai nhdm A lien tidp trong bang tudn hodn,

X thudc nhdm V 6 trang thai don chdt X va Y khdng phan ting vdi nhaụ Tdng sd proton trong hat nhan X va Y bdng 23 Xdc dinh hai nguydn td

va vidt cdu hinh electron nguydn tft cfta chung

16

Bai 12

s a BI^N 061 TINH KIM LOAI TiNH PHI KIM COA CAC NGUYEN TO HOA HOC

DINH LUAT T U A N H O A N 2.23 So sdnh tfnh kim loai cfta cdc cap nguydn td sau vd giai thfch ngdn ggn :

2.25 Hoa tri cfta nguydn td' hod hgc la gi ? Hay ndu su bidn ddi hoa tri cfta cac

nguydn td hod hgc trong chu ki 2

2.26 Hay neu su bidn ddi tfnh chdt axit - bazo cua cdc oxit va hidroxit cfta cac

nguyen td trong chu ki 3 khi di tft trai sang phai

2.27 So sdnh tfnh baza cfta cac hidroxit trong mdi day sau va cd giai thfch

ngdn ggn :

a) Canxi hidroxit, stronti hidroxit, bari hidroxit;

b) Natri hidroxit va nhdm hidroxit;

c) Canxi hidroxit va xesi hidroxit

2.28 Hay so sdnh tfnh axit cfta cdc chdt trong mdi day sau va giai thfch ngdn ggn :

a) Axit cacbonic va axit silixic ;

b) Axit silixic, axit photphoric, axit sunfuric

2.29 Hay vidt cdc phuang trinh hod hgc cua cdc phan ftng gifta cdc oxit sau vdi

nudc (ndu cd) : NajO, SO3, CI2O7, COj, CaO, N2O5 va nhan xet vl tfnh

chdt axit - bazo cua san phdm

2.BT H6AHOCIO.NC-A 1 7

Bai 13

y NGHTA COA B A N G T U A N H O A N C A C NGUYEN TO HOA HOC

2.30 Cac nguyen td thudc chu ki 2 cd thd tao thanh cation dan nguydn tft :

A Li, Be, B, C va N ; B Li, Be, C, N va O ;

C Li, B e v a B ; D N, O, F va Ne

Hay chgn dap an dung

2.31 Cdc nguydn td thudc chu ki 3 cd thi tao thanh anion don nguyen tft :

A Al, Si, P, S, Cl; B Si, P, S, Cl;

C P, S,C1; D Mg, Si, P, S, CL

Hay chgn phuang an dung

2.32 Nguyen td Si cd Z = 14 Cdu hinh electron nguydn tft cua silic la :

A Is^ 2s^ 2p^ 3s^ 3p^ ; B Is^ 2s^ 2p'' 3s^ 3p^

C Is^ 2s^ 2p^ 3s^ 3p^ ; D Is^ 2s2 2p^ 3s^ 3p^

Hay chgn dap an dung

2.33 ca'u hinh electron nguydn tft cfta sdt: Is^ 2s^ 2p^ 3s^ 3p^ 3d^ 4s^ Sdt d

A d 26, chu ki 4, nhdm VIIIA B d 26, chu ki 4, nhdm VIIIB

C d 26, chu ki 4, nhdm IIA D d 26, chu ki 4, nhdm IIB

Hay chgn phuang an dung

2.34 Nguyen td photpho d d sd 15, chu ki 3, nhdm VA trong bang tudn hoan

Hay neu tdm tdt tfnh chdt hod hgc cua photpho

2.35 Hay cho bidt y nghia cfta do dm dien va su bidn ddi cfta dd dm didn cac nguyen td trong chu ki 3 va nhdm VIIA

Bai 14 LUYEN TAP CHLTONG 2

2.36 Mdt nguyen td X cd Z = 20 Hay vidt cdu hinh electron cfta X, X^"*" X Id

nguyen td gi, thudc chu ki nao, nhdm ndo, la kim loai hay phi kim ?

2.37 Cho nguydn td sdt d d thft 26, cdu hinh electron cfta ion Fe "^ la :

Hay chgn phuong an dung

2.39 A va B la hai nguyen td trong cung mdt nhdm va d hai chu ki lien tidp cfta bang tudn hoan Tdng sd proton trong hat nhdn cua hai nguyen tft A

va B bdng 32 Hai nguyen td dd la :

A Mg va Ca ; B O va S ; C N va Si; D C va Si Hay chgn dap an dung

2.40 Nguyen td X cd Z = 22 Vidt cd'u hinh electron nguydn tft cfta X, xdc dinh

vi trf cua X trong bang tudn hoan, cho bidt loai nguydn td vd vidt cd'u hinh electron cfta cdc ion X "^ va X '*'

2.41 Nguyen td Y cd Z = 18 Vidt cd'u hinh electron nguydn tft cfta Y, xdc dinh

vi trf cua Y trong bang tudn hoan Cd thi cd hgp chd't cfta Y trong dd Y d dang ion dugc khdng ?

2.42 Cation R"*" cd cd'u hinh electron d phdn ldp ngoai cung la 3p

a) Viet cdu hinh electron nguyen tft cfta nguyen td R

b) Xdc dinh vi trf cfta nguydn td R trong bang tudn hoan

c) Tfnh chd't hod hgc dac trung nhd't cua R Id gi ? Ldy 2 phan ftng dl minh hoa

d) Anion X~ cd cdu hinh electron gid'ng cdu hinh electron cua cation R"*" Hay cho bidt ten vd vidt cdu hinh electron nguyen tft cfta nguyen td X

2.43 Cho 4,4 g mdt hdn hgp hai kim loai nam d hai chu ki lien tidp va diu thudc nhdm IIA cua bang tudn hoan tdc dung vdi axit HCI du thi thu dugc 3,36 dm^ khi hidro d dktc Hay xdc dinh hai kim loai

19

Chucmg 3 • —

LIEN KET HOA HOC

Bai 16

K H A I NIEM VE LIEN KET HOA HOC LIEN KET ION

3.1 Trong tu nhidn, cdc khf hidm tdn tai dudi dang nguydn tft tu do Cdc nguyen

tft cfta khf hidm khdng lidn kdt vdi nhau tao thanh phdn tft va khd lidn kdt

vdi cdc nguydn tft cua cdc nguyen td khdc Ngugc lai cdc nguyen tft cdc

nguydn td khac lai lidn kd't vdi nhau tao thanh phdn tft hay tinh thi Hay

giai thfch nguyen nhdn cfta hien tugng nay

3.2 Cdu hinh electron ldp ngodi cung cua nguydn tft kali la 4s cdu hinh

2 5

electron ldp ngodi cung cua nguyen tft brom la 4s 4p

a) Lam thd nao cdc nguydn tft kali va brom cd dugc cdu hinh electron cfta

nguyen tft khf hidm ?

b) Lien kdt cfta nguydn tft kali va nguydn tft brom thudc kilu lien kdt gi ?

Phdn tft tao thanh cd bin han tiing nguydn tft ridng re khdng ?

3.3 Cdu hinh electron ldp ngoai cung cua nguydn tft flo la 2s 2p Trong cdc

phan ftng hod hgc nguydn tft flo thudng nhdn 1 electron dl tao ion florua

Hay vidt cd'u hinh electron cua ion florua va cho du doan vl kilu lien kit

gifia flo vdi kali ?

3.4 Cdu hinh electron ldp ngodi cung cfta nguydn tft canxi la 4s Trong cdc

phan ftng hod hgc nguydn tft canxi thudng cho 2 electron d l tao ion canxi

Hay vidt cdu hinh electron cua cation canxi va cho du doan vl kilu liin

kd't gifta canxi vdi flo trong mudi canxi florua ?

3.5 Cation R^ cd cdu hinh electron phdn ldp ngoai cung la 2p^ Vidt cdu

hinh electron va su phdn bd electron theo obitan nguyen tft cua nguyin tft

R Cho bidt ban chdt lidn kdt gifta R vdi flo

3.6 Anion X~ cd cdu hinh electron phdn ldp ngodi cung la 3p^ Hoi X Id

nguydn td gi ? Vidt cd'u hinh electron nguydn tft cfta nguydn td X Giai

thfch ban chdt lidn kit gifta X vdi bari kim loai

20

3.7 Trong phdn tft Na20, cdu hinh electron cfta cdc nguyen tft cd tudn theo quy tdc bat tft khdng ? Cho bid't nguyen tft natri cd Z = 11, oxi cd Z = 8 3.8* Hinh 3.1 SGK ve mdt d mang tinh thi mudi NaCl Mang tinh thi mudi

NaCl dugc xdy dung bdng cdch xdp lien tidp cdc d mang vdi nhau Sd phdn tft NaCl nguyen ven cd trong mdt d mang tren hinh 3.1 bang :

A 4 ; B 14; C 5 ; D 6

Hay chgn dap sd dung

Bai 17 LIEN KET CONG HOA TRj

3.9 Thd nao la lien kdt cdng hod tri ? Neu mdt sd thf du vl lien kit cdng hod tri

3.10 Hay giai thfch nguyen nhdn tao thanh lien kdt cdng hod tri

3.11 Phdn tft cfta mdt chd't dugc dac trung bdi

A khoang cdch trung binh gifta cdc nguyen tft

B gid tri trung binh cfta gdc tao bdi cdc lien kdt

C dd bin cua lien kit va dd bin cfta phdn tft

D tdt ca cdc ydu td kl tren

Hay chgn phuong dn dung

3.12 Hay giai thich su tao thanh lien kit trong phdn tft flo

3.13 Md ta su tao thanh lien kdt trong phdn tft HBr theo quan dilm dung chung electron

3.14 Trong phdn tft N2 va NO, nguyen tft nita cd dugc thoa man quy tdc bdt tft khdng ? Giai thfch Cho nguyen tft nito cd Z = 7, oxi cd Z = 8

3.15 Lidn kdt cdng hod tri phdn cue la gi ? Ld'y mdt sd thf du vl loai lidn kdt nay

3.16 Thd nao la lidn kd't cho - nhdn Hay xdc dinh kilu lien kdt cd trong phdn tftNOj

21

Bai 18

SL; LAI HOA CAC OBITAN NGUYEN lO

SU HINH T H A N H L I E N KET DON, LIEN KET 001 VA LIEN KET BA

3.17 Tai sao gdc lidn kd't trong phdn tft CH4 cd gia tri bdng 109''28' ?

3.18 Thd ndo la lidn kd't CT, lidn kdt 71 ? Neu thf du

3.19 Hay giai thfch nguyen nhdn lam cho cac phdn tft BeH2 cd dang thang ?

3.20 Cdc lien kdt trong phdn tft nito dugc tao thanh la do su xen phu cua

A cac obitan s vdi nhau vd cac obitan p vdi nhau

B 3 obitan p vdi nhau

C 1 obitan s vd 2 obitan p vdi nhau

D 3 obitan p gid'ng nhau vl hinh dang vd kfch thudc nhung khdc nhau vl

dinh hudng khdng gian vdi nhau

Hay chgn dap dn dung

3.21 Hinh dang cua phdn tft CH4, BF3, H2O, BeH2 tuong ftng la

A tft dien, tam giac, gdp khuc, thang

B tam gidc, tft dien, gd'p khuc, thang

C gdp khuc, tam gidc, tft dien, thang *

D thang, tam gidc, tft dien, gdp khuc

Hay chgn dap dn dung

3.22 Phdn tft H2O cd gdc lien kdt bdng 104,5° do nguyen tft oxi d trang thai

lai hod

A s p ; B sp ; C sp^ ; D khdng xdc dinh dugc

Hay chgn dap dn dung

3.23 Hay md ta su lai hod cdc obitan cua nguyen tft nita trong phdn tft NH3

3.24 Hay md ta su tao thanh cdc lien kdt trong phdn tft C2H2

22

Bai 19 LUYfN T A P V ^ : LIEN KET ION LIEN KET CONG HOA TRL

SLT LAI HOA CAC OBITAN NGUYEN j(j

3.25 Lidn kdt trong phdn tft KF thudc vl lidn kdt

A cdng hod tri B cdng hod tri phdn cue

C ion D cho - nhan

Hay chgn phuang an dung

3.26 Lien kdt don trong phdn tft Br2 dugc hinh thanh nhu thd nao ?

3.27 a) Trong cdc hgp chdt sau ddy : LiCl, NaF, CCI4 va KBr Hgp chd't cd lien kdt cdng hod tri la

A LiCl B.NaF C CCI4 D KBr

3.28 Cdc lien kdt trong phdn tft NH3 thudc lien kit

A cdng hod tri B cdng hod tri phdn cue

C ion D cho - nhan

Hay chgn dap an dung

3.29 Nguyen tft photpho trong PH3 d trang thai lai hod

A sp B sp

3

C sp D khdng xac dinh dugc

Hay chgn ddp dn dung

3.30 Hay md ta su tao thdnh cdc lien kdt trong phdn tft C2H5

3.31 Hay trinh bay ddc dilm cd'u tao khdng gian cfta phdn tft metan

3.32 Tai sao nita la mdt khi tuang dd'i tro d nhiet dd thudng ?

23

Bai 20 TINH THE NGUYEN TQ TINH THE PHAN T Q

3.33 Tinh thi nguyen tft va tinh thi phdn tft khdc nhau d nhung dilm gi ? 3.34 Trong mang tinh thi kim cuong, mdi nguydn tft C cd sd nguydn tft ldn cdn

gdn nhd't (d khoang each 0,154 nm) la

A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5

Hay chgn dap dn dung

3.35 Trong mang tinh thi kim cuong, gdc lien kd't tao bdi cdc nguydn tft C bdng

A 120° B 90° C 104,5° D 109°28'

Hay chgn cdu dung

3.36 Giai thfch tai sao iot lai dd thdng hoa, trdi lai NaCl lai rd't khd ndng chay

va khd bay hoi

3.37 Hay giai thfch hien tugng tang khdi lugng ridng cfta nudc khi dun chay nudc dd tft 0°C den 4°C

3.38 Cho tinh thi cac chd't sau : iot, than chi, nudc da vd mudi an

a) Tinh thi nguyen tft la tinh thi

A iot B than chi

Chgn dap dn dung,

b) Tinh thi ion la tinh thi

A iot B than chi

Chgn ddp an dung

C nudc da D mudi an

C nudc da D mudi dn

3.39 Cho cdc chd't vd nhidt dd ndng chay cfta chung :

Chat Cdng thftc phan tft

Nhiet do ndng chay (°C)

Nudc H2O

0

Mudi dn NaCl

801

Bdng phidn CioHe

80

Butan C4H10 -138

24

Cdc chdt trdn d dang tinh thi tuang ftng la

A phdn tft, ion, phdn tft va phdn tft B ion, ion, phdn tft va phdn tft

C phdn tft, ion, nguydn tft vd phdn tft D phdn tft, ion, ion va phdn tft Hay chgn ddp dn dung

Bai 21 Hieu DO AM DIEN VA LIEN KET HOA HOC

3.40 So sdnh lidn kdt cdng hod tri khdng cue vdi lidn kdt cdng hod tri cd cue va lidn kdt cho - nhdn

3.41 Lien kdt trong phdn tft LiF la lidn kdt

A ion B cdng hod tri khdng phdn cue

C cdng hod tri phdn cue D cho - nhdn

Hay chgn dap an dung

3.42 Lien kdt trong phdn tft HBr la lien kdt

A cdng hoa tri khdng phdn cue B cdng hod tri phdn cue

C cho - nhan D ion

Hay chgn ddp dn dung

3.43 Sft dung gid tri dd dm dien cfta cac nguyen td cho trong bang tudn hoan cdc nguydn td, xac dinh kilu lien kdt trong phdn tft cac chd't : N2, AgCl, HBr, NH3, H2O2

3.44 Sft dung gid tri dd dm dien cua cac nguyen td cho trong bang tudn hoan cdc nguydn td, xac dinh kilu lidn kdt trong cdc ion : CIO , HS , HCO3

3.45 Sdp xdp cdc phdn tft theo chiiu tang ddn dd phdn cue cfta lien kdt trong phdn tft cdc chd't sau (sft dung gid tri dd dm didn trong bang tudn hoan):

NH3 ; H2S ; H2O ; H2Te ; CsCl; CaS ; BaF2

25

Bai 22 HOA TR! VA SO OXI HOA 3.46 Hay phdn bidt khdi niem sd oxi hod va hod tri cfta nguydn td trong hop

chd't hod hgc

3.47 Didn hod tri cfta cac nguyen td O, S (thudc nhdm VIA) trong cdc hgp chdt vdi cdc nguydn td nhdm IA diu Id

A 2 - B.2+ C 6+ D 4+

Hay chgn dap an dung

3.48 Hay giai thfch dien hod tri bdng 2 - cfta oxi va luu huynh trdng cdc hgp chd't vdi natri vd vidt cdng thftc cd'u tao cfta phdn tft

3.49 Hay cho bidt sd oxi hod va cdng hod tri cfta cac nguydn td Si, P, S, Q trong cdc oxit cao nhd't va trong hgp chd't khf vdi hidro

3.50 Tai sao mdt nguydn td cd thi cd mdt sd gid tri sd oxi hod ? Giai thfch bdng cac gia tri sd oxi hod cua S

3.51 Nguyen tft cfta nguyen td photpho cd Z = 15 Dua vao cd'u hinh electron nguyen tft ; hay giai thfch cdc sd oxi hod cua photpho ?

3.52 Cho cac nguyen td : Sn, Si, S, Sb, Sc, Se Hay sft dung bang tudn hoan di

xac dinh sd oxi hod cao nhd't va cho bidt nhiing nguydn td nao cd cung sd oxi hod cao nhdt

3.53 Cho cdc nguyen td : Na, N, P, S, F, Si, As, Cl Sft dung bang tudn hoan d^ xdc dinh cdc nguyen td cd cung sd oxi hod trong hgp chdt vdi hidro

3.54 Sd oxi hod cua nguydn td N trong HNO3 bdng

A.+3 B.+4 C.+5 D.+6 Hay chgn ddp dn dung

3.55 Sd oxi hod cua nguyen td S trong Na2S03 bdng

A +3 B +4 C +5 D +6

Hay chgn dap an dung

26

Bai 23 LIEN KET KIM LOAI

3.56 Hay giai thfch dien hod tri cfta cdc nguyen td nhdm IA, IIA, IIIA trong

cdc hgp chdt vdi clo

3.57 Didn hod tri cua cdc nguyen td nhdm VIA, VIIA trong cdc hgp chd't vdi

natri cd gid tri:

A - 2 va - 1 ; B 2 - va 1- ; C 6+ va 7 + ; D +6 va +7 Hay chgn dap an dung

3.58 Ydu td quydt dinh tfnh chd't co ban cfta tinh thi kim loai la

A sii tdn tai mang tinh thi kim loai

B tfnh dnh kim

C tfnh ddn dien va ddn nhiet tdt

D su chuyin ddng tu do cfta cac electron chung trong toan mang tinh thi ? Hay chgn dap dn dung

3.59 Trong mdt d mang co sd cfta tinh thi ldp phuang tdm khd'i (hinh 3.15a SGK),

sd dan vi thi tfch nguyen tft kim loai bdng

A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

Hay chgn ddp dn dung

3.60 Trong mdt d mang ca sd cua tinh thi ldp phuang tdm dien (hinh 3.15b SGK),

sd dofn vi thi tfch nguydn tft kim loai bdng

A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

Hay chgn dap an dung

3.61 Hay giai thfch nguyen nhdn lam cho tinh thi kim loai ddn nhiet, ddn dien

tdt vd cd tfnh deo

3.62 Tfnh ban kfnh nguyen tft gdn dung cfta Fe d 20°C, bidt rdng tai nhiet dd:

do khd'i lugng ridng cfta Fe la 7,87 g/cm Gia thidt rdng trong tinh thi cdc nguyen tft Fe la nhiing hinh cdu chiim 74% thi tfch tinh thi, phdn cdn lai la khe rdng gifta cdc qua cdu Cho bidt nguyen tft khdi cfta Fe la 55,85

3.63* Trong mang tinh thi ldp phuang tdm didn, cdc nguyen tft tidp xuc nhau d

mat bdn Dudng cheo cfta mat cd dd dai bdng 4 ldn ban kfnh cua nguyen tft Hay xdc dinh % chidm chd cfta nguydn tft kim loai trong loai mang nay

27

Bai 24 LUYEN TAP CnaONG 3

3.64 Lien kdt ion khdc vdi lidn kd't cdng hod tri d

A tfnh dinh hudng va tfnh bao hoa

B vide tudn theo quy tdc bat tft

C vide tudn theo nguyen tdc xen phu ddm mdy electron nhilu nhdt

D tfnh dinh hudng

Hay chgn dap an dung

3.65 Cho bidt tdng sd electron trong anion AB3~la 42 Trong cac hat nhdn A

cung nhu B cd sd proton bdng sd natron

a) Tinh sd khdi cfta A, B

b) Vid't cd'u hinh electron vd su phdn bd electron trong cdc obitan cua nguyen tft cdc nguyen td A, B

3.66 Hay giai thfch vi sao do dm didn cua nito bdng 3,04 va clo bdng 3,16

khdng khac nhau dang kl nhung d dilu kidn thudng kha nang phan ftng cfta N2 kem hon so vdi CI2 ?

3.67 Cho 3 nguydn td A, M, X cd cd'u hinh electron nguydn tft d ldp ngoai

1 2 1 2 5

cung tuong ftng la 3s ; 3s 3p ; 3s 3p Hay xdc dinh vi trf (sd chu ki,

sd nhdm, loai nhdm va sd thft tu) cfta A, M, X trong bang tudn hoan

3.68 Neu ndi dung cfta quy tdc bat tft Cho 2 trudng hgp cu thi dp dung dung

vd 2 trudng hgp khdng dp dung dugc quy tdc bdt tft

3.69 Nguydn tft cfta nguyen td X cd Z = 20, nguydn tft cfta nguydn td Y co

Z = 17 Viet cdu hinh electron nguyen tft cua X va Y va hay cho bilt loai lidn kdt gi tao thanh trong phdn tft hgp chd't cua X vd Y ? Vilt phuang trinh hod hgc cfta phan ftng dl minh hoa

3.70* Cho 3 gam hdn hgp X gdm mdt kim loai kilm A va natri tdc dung vdi

nudc du thu dugc dung dich Y va khf Z Dl trung hod dung dich Y cdn 0,2 mol axit HCI Dua vdo bang tudn hoan, hay xdc dinh nguydn tft khdi

va tdn nguyen td A

28

A bi khft B bi oxi hod

C cho proton D dat tdi sd oxi hod dm

Hay chgn dap an dung

4.2 Nguyen tft brom chuyin thanh ion bromua bang cdch

A nhdn mdt electron B nhudng mdt electron

C nhdn mdt proton D nhudng mdt proton

Hay chgn phuong dn dung

4.3 Trong phan ftng : AgNOj + NaCl -^ NaN03 + AgCl>l'

Ion bac

A chi bi oxi hod B chi bi khft

C khdng bi oxi hod, khdng bi khft D vfta bi oxi hod, vfta bi khft

Hay chgn phuong an dung

4.4 Trong phan ftng : Zn + CUCI2 -> ZnCl2 + Cu

Ion ddng

A chi bi oxi hod B chi bi khft

C khdng bi oxi hod, Ichdng bi khft D vfta bi oxi hod, vfta bi khft

Hay chgn phuang dn dung

4.5 Trong phan ftng : CI2 + 2NaOH -> NaCl + NaClO + HjO

Nguydn td clo

A chi bi oxi hod B chi bi khft.,

C khdng bi oxi hod, khdng bi khft D vfta bi oxi hod, vfta bi khft

Hay chgn phuong an dung

29

4.6 Trong cdc phan ftng dudi ddy, phan ftng nao la phan ftng oxi hod - khft ?

A 4Na + 0 2 ^ 2Na20

B 2Fe(OH)3 -> Fe203 + 3H2O

C Na2C03 + H2SO4 ^ Na2S04 + H2O + C 0 2 t

D NH3 + HCI -^ NH4CI

4.7 Trong phan ftng gifta kim loai kem va ddng clorua :

Zn + CUCI2 -> ZnCl2 + Cu Mdt mol ion Cu "^ da

A nhudng 1 mol electron B nhdn 1 mol electron

C nhudng 2 mol electron D nhdn 2 mol electron

Phuang an nao la dung ?

4.8 Sd mol electron cdn dung dl khft 1,5 mol Al^"^ thanh Alia :

A 0,5 B 1,5 C 3,0 D 4,5

Hay chgn ddp sd dung

4.9 Khi ddt chay H2S trong lugng du oxi, nudc va luu huynh dioxit dugc tao thanh

a) Vidt phuang trinh hod hgc cfta phan ftng

b) Trong phan ftng dd, nguydn td nao bi oxi hod, nguydn td ndo bi khft ? 4.10 Phan ftng nao trong cdc phan ftng dudi ddy axit sunfuric ddng vai trd chdt oxi hod ?

a) 2NaI + 2H2SO4 -> Na2S04 + I2 + SOj + 2H2O

b) BaF2 + H2S04^ BaS04 + 2HF

4.11 Tfnh sd oxi hod cua :

1 Cacbon trong: a) CF2CI2 ; b) Na2C204 ; c) HCO^; d)C2H6

2 Brom trong : a) KBr ; b) BrF3 ; c) HBrOg ; d) CBr4

3 Nita trong : a) NH2OH ; b) N2H4 ; c) NHj ; d) HNO2

4 Luu huynh trong : a) SOCI2 ; b) H2S2 ; c) H2SO3 ; d) NazS

5 Photpho trong : a) H2P2O7'; b) P H j ; c) PCI5

30

4.12 Xac dinh chd't oxi hod vd chd't khft trong mdi phan ling dudi ddy :

1 5H2C2O4 + 2KMn04 + 3H2SO4 -^ 2MnS04 + K2SO4 +IOCO2 +8H2O

2 3Cu + 8HNO3 -> 3Cu(N03)2 + 2 N 0 + 4H2O

3 3Na2S03 + K2Cr207 + 4H2SO4 -> 3Na2S04 + K2SO4 + Cr2(S04)3 + 4H2O

4.13 Ldp cdc phuang trinh cfta phan ftng oxi hod - khft theo cac so dd dudi ddy

vd xdc dinh vai trd cfta tiifng chdt trong mdi phan ftng :

1 KCIO3 + HBr - » Br2 +.KC1 + H2O

2 FeCl2 + H2O2 + HCI -> FeCl3 + HjO

3.12 + Na2S203 - ^ Na2S406 + Nal

4 KI + HNO3 ^ I2 + KNO3 + NO + H2O

5 PbO +NH3 -> Pb + N2 + H2O

6 K2Cr207 + HCI -^ Clj + KCl + CrCl3 + H2O

7 KMn04 + SnS04 + H2SO4 -> Sn(S04)2 + MnS04 + K2SO4 + H2O

8 NaCIO + KI + H2SO4 -> I2 + NaCl + K2SO4 + H2O

9 Cr203 + KNO3 + KOH -^ K2Cr04 + KNO2 + H2O

10 H2S + HNO3 -^ H2SO4 + NO + H2O

4.14 Hay neu mdt thf du vl phan ftng oxi hod - khft gifta hai oxit

4.15 Hay ndu hai thf du v l phan ftng trong dd nguydn td ddng vai trd chd't oxi

hod va nguyen td ddng vai tro chd't khft d trong thanh phdn cfta cung mdt phdn tft

4.16 Hay neu hai phan ftng cua cung mdt don chd't : Trong mdt phan ftng don

chd't dd tdc dung vdi chd't oxi hod va trong phan ftng kia dan chd't dd tdc dung vdi chd't khft

4.17 Hay neu hai phan ftng cfta cung mdt hgp chd't : Mdt phan ftng cfta hgp

chd't dd tdc dung vdi chd't oxi hod va mdt phan ftng cfta hgp chd't dd tac dung vdi chdt khft

4.18 Hoat chd't trong n h i l u loai thudc lam nhat mau tdc la hidro peoxit

(H2O2) Ham lugng hidro peoxit dugc xdc dinh bang dung dich chudn kali pemanganat theo so dd phan ftng sau :

H2O2 + KMn04 + H2SO4 - ^ 0 2 + K2SO4 + MnS04 + H2O

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a) Lua chgn he sd thfch hgp cho phuang trinh Cho bidt chdt nao bi oxi hod, chd't ndo bi khft

b) Dl tdc dung hdt vdi H2O2 trong 25 g mdt loai thudc lam nhat mau tdc phai dung vfta hdt 80 ml dung dich KMn04 0,1 OM Tfnh ndng dd phdn tram cua H2O2 trong loai thudc ndi trdn

4.19 Lugng cdn (C2H5OH) trong mau ngudi dugc xdc dinh bdng each cho huylt

thanh tdc dung vdi dung dich kali dicromat Sa dd phan ftng nhu sau :

C2H5OH + K2Cr207 + H2SO4 -> CO2 + Cr2(S04)3 + K2SO4 + H2O a) Hoan thdnh phuang trinh hod hgc cfta phan ftng vd cho bid't ten nguyen

td bi khft va nguydn td bi oxi hod trong phan ftng dd

b) 28,00 g huydt thanh cua mdt ngudi lai xe tdc dung vfta hdt vdi 35,00 ml dung dich K2Cr207 0,06M Hdi ngudi ldi xe dd cd pham ludt khdng, bidt rdng theo ludt thi ham lugng cdn khdng dugc vugt qua 0,02% theo khdi lugng

4.20* Hoan thanh cdc phuang trinh hod hgc cfta phan ftng sau ddy :

a) FeS04 + HNO3 + H2SO4-^ Fe2(S04)3 + NO +

b) Mn(OH)2 + CI2 + KOH -^ Mn02 + KCl +

c) Mn02 + O2 + KOH -^ K2Mn04 +

d) NH3 + Br2 ^ N2 +

d) Mn02 + KBr + H2SO4 -> Br2 +

Bai 26 PHAN LOAI PHAN Q N G TRONG HOA HOC VO CO

4.21 Cac phan ftng hod hgp

A diu la phan ftng oxi hod - khft

B diu khdng phai la phan ftng oxi hod - khft

C cd thi la phan ftng oxi hod - khft, cd thi khdng la phan ftng oxi hoa - khft Hay chgn phuang dn dung

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4.22 Cdc phan ftng phdn huy

A diu Id phan ftng oxi hod - khft

B diu khdng phai la phan ftng oxi hod - khft

C cd thi Id phan ftng oxi hod - khft, cd thi khdng la phan ftng oxi hod - khft Hay chgn phuong dn dung

4.23 Cdc phan ftng thd

A diu la phan ftng oxi hod - khft

B diu khdng phai la phan ftng oxi hod - khft

C cd thi la phan ftng oxi hod - khft, cd thi khdng la phan ftng oxi hod - khft Hay chgn phuang an dung

4.24 Cdc phan ftng trao ddi

A diu la phan ftng oxi hod - khft

B diu khdng phai la phan ftng oxi hod - khft

C cd thi la phan ftng oxi hod - khft ; cd thi khdng phai la phan ftng oxi hod - khft

Hay chgn cdu dung

4.25 Ngudi ta cd thi dilu chd MgCl2 bdng :

a) Mdt phan ftng hod hgp

b) Mdt phan ftng thi

c) Mdt phan ftng trao ddi

1 Hay ddn ra phan ftng cho mdi trudng hgp tren

2 Hay cho bidt su thay ddi sd oxi hod cfta cac nguyen td trong mdi phan ling dd

4.26 Hay neu cdch dilu chd CuO bdng :

4.28 Hay neu ra mdt phan ftng phdn huy tao ra ba chd't diu chfta oxi

4.29 Hay neu thf du vl phan ftng phan huy tao ra :

a) Khdng cd su thay ddi sd oxi hod cfta cdc nguydn td

b) Cd su thay ddi sd oxi hod cua cdc nguydn td

4.31 Phuang tnnh nhiet hod hgc cfta phan ftng ddt chay hidro trong oxi nhu sau : 2H2 (k) + ©2 (k)-> 2H2O (1); AH =-571,66 kJ

Hay tfnh lugng nhiet thu dugc khi:

a) Ddt chay 112 1ft khf hidro d dktc y

b) Tao ra 450 g H2O (1) tft H2 (k) vd O2 (k)

4.32 Viec san xudt canxi oxit (vdi) tft canxi cacbonat (dd vdi) la mdt thf du vl qua trinh thu nhiet:

CaC03(r) — ^ CaO (r) + CO2 (k); AH = +176 kJ

Hay tfnh lugng nhiet theo kcal can cung cdp dl phdn huy 520 g CaC03 (r) Bid't rdng 1 kcal bdng 4,18 kJ

4.33 Hay so sanh hai phuong trinh nhiet hod hgc dudi ddy :

H2 (k) + I O 2 (k) ^ H2O (k) ; AH = -241,83 kJ

H2 (k) + ^ 0 2 (k) ^ H2O (1) ; AH = -285,83 kJ

Hay giai thfch vi sao gid tri AH d hai phuang trinh trdn khdc nhau

4.34 Dl tao ra Imol khf NO tft cac dan chd't cdn tidu hao mdt lugng nhidt la 90,29 kJ

1) Vidt phuang trinh nhidt hod hgc cua phan ftng

2) Ndu 1,5 g khf NO phdn huy thanh cdc dan chd't thi lugng nhidt kim theo qua trinh dd la bao nhidu ?

34 3.BT HdAHOCIO.NC-B