Bài tập hóa học 10 nâng cao 1

LE XUAN TRONG (Chu bien) TCr NGOC ANH - LE KIM LONG I I i N A N G CAO NHA XUAT BAN GIAO DUC VIET NAM Lfi XUAN TRQNG (Chu bien) TU NGOC ANH - Lfi KIM LONG Bai tap HOA HOC 10 NANG CAO (Tdi bdn ldn thd tu) N H A X U A T BAN GIAO DUC VI^T NAM Chu thich cac tir viet tat dung dich xt xiic tac H2S04d H2SO4 dac dktc dieu kien ti6u chudn long k khf l-l dd hs hoc sinh cht ' rdn c6ng hoa tri Ban quyen thuoc Nha xuat ban Giao due Viet Nam 01-2010/CXB/640-1485/GD Ma s6: NBOO8T0 PHAN M T : CAU HOI VA BAI TAP ChKcfng NGUYEN TLf BAI ON TAP 1.1 Ne'u chia d6i lien tiep m6t vien bi sSt de'n co duoc phan tit nho nha't mang tinh chat hoa hoc dac trung cua sat, phdn tit nho nha't duoc goilagi? 1.2 Cho mot mdu nudc da, ne'u cii chia dOi mdu nu6c da lien tie'p den thu duoc phdn tit nho nha't mang tinh chdt hoa hoc dac trung ciia nudc Phdn tit nho nhdt duoc goi la gi ? 1.3 Trong 0,1 mol mu6'i an co bao nhieu phan tit NaCl ? Mot luong sdt kim loai nguyen chdt chiJa 3,01.10 nguyen tit sat tuong duong vdi bao nhieu mol nguyen tit sdt ? 1.4 d didu kien tieu chudn (dktc) m6t mol chie'm m6t thi tich bdng A 22,4 m l B 22,4dml Hay chon dap an diing C 22,4 c m ^ D 2,24 cml 1.5 a) M6t nguyen tit cacbon co kh6'i lucmg bdng 1,99.10"^^ kg Hoi m6t mol nguyen tit cacbon co kh6'i luong bdng bao nhieu gam ? b) M6t mol phan tif C2H5OH co khdi lugfng bdng 46 g Hoi mot phan tu C2H5OH C khdi luong bdng bao nhieu gam ? O 1.6 Hay xac dinh s6' mol chat co : a) 14,2 g khf clo ; b) 10 g canxi cacbonat; c) 16 g Imi huynh ; d) 34 g amoniac 1.7 Tinh s6 mol HCI cdn thie't d^ phan iing viita dii vdi: a) 20 ml dung dich NaOH 0,1 M ; b) 5,6 g sdt; c) 16 g sdt(III) oxit; d) 9,8 g d6ng(II) hidroxit 1.8 Cho bie't dilu kien tieu chudn (1 atm va 0°C), kh^i luong rieng cua nito bdng 1,25 g/dm^ Xac dinh phan tif khO'i cua nito 1.9 Cho khdi luong rieng cua ancol etylic (C2HgOH) long la 0,80 g/cml Thi tich mol cua ancol etylic bdng A 57,5 c m l B 5,75 c m l C 36,80 c m l D 3,68 c m l Hay chon dap an diing 1.10 Cho dong khf CO du di qua 7,2 g d6ng(II) oxit nung nong or nhiet dd thfch hop cho de'n phan iing hoan toan thi thu duoc CO2 va d6ng kim loai Hay : a) Tfnh khdi lugng d6ng thu dugc sau phan iing b) Tfnh the tfch khf CO (of dktc) da tham gia phan iing 1.11 Nhiet phan hoan toan 18,8 g mu6'i d6ng(II) nitrat thi thu dugc d6ng(II) oxit, khf NO2 va khf oxi Tfnh khdi lugng ddng(II) oxit thu dugc 1.12 Chgn cau diing cac cau sau : A Trong phan ihig hoa hgc sd mol nguyen tit cac nguyen td co mat phan ling khdng thay ddi cac nguyen td dugc bao toan B Trong phan iing hoa hgc sd mol nguyen tit cac nguyen td co mat phan ling thay doi cac nguyen td khdng dugc bao toan C Khdi lugng cac nguyen td cd mat phan iing thay ddi cac nguyen td khdng dugc bao toan D Sd nguyen tif cac nguyen td cd mat phan iing thay ddi cdc nguyen td' khdng dugc bao toan Bail T H A N H PHAN NGUYEN iCf 1.13 Sir dung sd lieu cho (bang 1.1) SGK, hay tfnh va tra ldi cac cau hoi sau : a) Khdi lugng cua mdt proton bang bao nhieu ldn khdi lugng cua electron ? b) Khdi lugng cua electron bdng bao nhidu phdn khdi lugng cua natron ? c) Nguyen tir heli cd proton, natron va electron Hoi khdi lugng ciia cac electron chidm bao nhieu % khd'i lugng nguyen tit ? 1.14 Trong kg sdt cd bao nhieu gam electron ? Cho bidt mdt mol nguyen t i sdt C khdi lugng bdng 55,85 g, mdt nguydn tit sdt cd 26 electron O 1.15 Cho rdng hat nhan nguydn tit va chfnh nguyen tit H cd dang hinh cdu Hat nhan nguyen tit hidro cd ban kfnh gdn diing bdng 10 nm, ban kfnh nguyen tit H bdng 0,053 nm a) Hay tfnh va so sanh th^ tfch cua nguyen tit hidro vdi Xhi tfch cua hat nhan nguyen tit hidro b) Hay tfnh va so sanh khdi lugng rieng cua hat nhan va cua nguyen tit hidro Cho bie't cdng thiic tfnh thi tfch hinh cdu Id V = ——- dd r la ban kfnh hinh cdu 1.16 Cho bie't lu = 1,6605.10"^'' kg, nguyen tit khdi cua oxi bdng 15,999 Hay tfnh khd'i lugng cua mdt nguydn tii oxi kilogam 1.17 Cho bie't khdi lugng nguydn tit cua C gdp 11,905 ldn khdi lugng nguyen tif cua hidro Hay tfnh khd'i lugng nguyen tii cua hidro u va gam, coi khd'i lugng nguyen tit ciia C bdng 12 Bi a HAT NHAN NGUYEN T(S NGUYEN TO HOA HOC 1.18 Nguyen td hoa hgc la A nhiing nguyen tii cd ciing dien tich hat nhan B nhiing nguydn tif cd cung sd khd'i C nhiing nguyen tif cd ciing sd natron D nhihig phan tit cd ciing phan tft khdi Hay chgn cau dung 1.19 Chi la mdt nguydn td hod hgc dac bidt cd Z = 82, thudng dugc sit dung di lam tdm chdn phdng xa Ti le sd ncrtron/sd proton nguydn tit chi dugc coi la gidi han bin cua hat nhan Hay xac dinh ti Id nguyen tit cua nguyen td chi ddng vi ^°^Pb va suy dilu kien bin cua cac hat nhan 1.20 Tdng sd p, n, e nguydn tut cua nguydn td X la 10 Sd khd'i ciia nguyen tit nguyen td X bdng A B C D Hay chgn gia tri diing 1.21 Nguydn tft ciia nguyen td X cd tdng sd hat p, n va e bdng 58, s6 hat proton gdn bdng sd hat natron Tfnh Z va A cua nguydn td X 1.22 Nguyen tft cfta nguyen td X cd tdng sd hat p, n va e bdng 82, tdng sd hat mang dien nhilu han tdng sd hat khdng mang dien la 22 hat Xac dinh Z, A va vie't kf hieu nguyen tft cua nguyen td X 1.23 Cho cac nguyen td X, Y, Z Tdng sd hat p, n va e cac nguyen tft ldn lugt la 16, 58 va 78 Sd natron hat nhan va sd hieu nguyen tft cua mdi nguyen td khac khdng qua dan vi Hay xac dinh cdc nguyen td va vidt kf hieu cua cac nguyen td 1.24 Trong day kf hieu cac nguyen tft sau : 14 » 7A; 16t) gtJ; 15p, 7*^; 18pj 56x3 56p gU; 36^; 27^; 17^ 20TT 23T 8*-'; l O " ; 111; IITJT IQK Cac kf hieu nao chi cung mdt nguyen td hoa hgc Sft dung bang tudn hoan cac nguyen td hod hgc hay xac dinh cac nguyen td da cho Cho bilt ten ggi cua nguyen td, sd hat n, p, e cdu tao ndn nguyen tft cua cac nguySn td vfta xac dinh Bai NGUYEN TCT KHOI VA NGUYEN T Q KHOI TRUNG BINH N G VI, 1.25 Ddng vi la nhiing A hgp chdt cd cung dien tfch hat nhan B nguyen td cd ciing didn tfch hat nhan C nguyen td cd cung sd khd'i A D nguyen tft cd ciing dien tfch hat nhan va khac vl sd khd'i Hay chgn cau dting 1.26 Trong tu nhien brom cd hai ddng vi bin : 35 Br chidm 50,69% sd nguyen tft 81 va jgBr chidm 49,31% sd' nguyen tft Hay tim nguyen tft khd'i trung binh cua brom 1.27 Tfnh nguyen tft khd'i trung binh cua Ni theo sd khd'i cua cac ddng vi tu nhien cua Ni theo sd lieu sau : iNi; > i ; fgNi; ^Ni; f^Ni 68,27% 26,10% 1,13% 3,59% 0,91% 27 1.28 Mdt nguydn td X cd hai ddng vi vdi ti le sd nguydn tft la —• Hat nhan nguyen tft X cd 35 proton Trong nguyen tft cua ddng vi thft nhdt cd 44 natron Sd natron nguyen tft cua ddng vi thft hai nhilu hon ddng vi thft nhdt la natron Tfnh nguyen tft khd'i trung binh cfta nguyen tdX(Ax) 1.29 Nguydn td X cd ddng vila Xj chie'm 92,23%, Xj chidm 4,67% va X3 chie'm 3,10% Tdng sd khd'i cua ba ddng vi bdng 87 Sd natron X2 nhilu hon Xj mdt hat Nguyen tft khd'i trung binh cua X la Ax = 28,0855 a) Hay tim Xj, X2 va X3 b) Ndu X, cd sd natron bdng sd proton Hay tim sd natron nguyen tft cua mdi ddng vi 1.30 Cho mdt dung dich chfta 8,19 g mudi NaX tac dung vdi mdt lugng du dung dich AgNOj thu dugc 20,09 g kd't tua a) Tim nguyen tft khdi va ggi tdn X b) X cd hai ddng vi, gia sft sd nguyen tft cfta ddng vi thft nha't nhilu gdp ldn sd nguyen tft cua ddng vi thft hai Hat nhan ddng vi thft nha't c6 it hon hat nhan ddng vi thft hai natron Tim sd khdi cfta mdi ddng vi 1.31 Cho bidt nguyen tft khd'i trung binh cua iridi la 192,22 Iridi tu nhidn cd hai ddng vi la ^77 Ir va ^77 Ir Hay tfnh phdn tram sd nguydn tft va phdn tram sd mol gdn dung cho hai ddng vi cua iridi 1.32 Trong tu nhien agon cd loai ddng vi bin vdi ti le % nguydn tft la : ?g^Ar JgAr ^Ar 0,337% 0,063% 99,6% Cho rdng nguydn tft khd'i cua cac ddng vi trung vdi sd' khd'i cua chiing The tfch cua 20 g agon (d dktc) bdng A 1,121 d m l B 1,120 d m l C 11,2146 d m l D 11,200 dml Hay chgn phuang an dung 1.33 Trong tu nhien oxi cd ba ddng v i : ^ | o ; ^gO ; ^gO; Cacbon cd hai ddng vi la: gC ; gC Hoi cd thd cd bao nhidu loai phan tft khf cacbonic hgp tft cac ddng vi trdn ? Vid't cdng thftc phan tft va tfnh phan tft khdi cfta chiing 1.34 Trong tu nhidn ddng vi j^Cl chidm 24,23 % sd nguydn tft clo Tinh thdnh phdn phdn tram vl khd'i lugng 17 Cl cd HCIO4 (vdi H la ddng vi j H, O la ddng vi ^g O) ? Cho nguyen tft khdi trung binh cua clo bdng 35,5 Bai SL; C H U Y E N DONG COA ELECTRON TRONG NGUYEN TCT OBITAN NGUYEN TCT 1.35 Hay neu su khdc biet chfnh vide md ta chuydn ddng cua cdc electron theo md hinh nguydn tft cu va md hinh hidn dai Bang dudi ddy cho bidt cdc dilu kien cfta mdi thf nghiem : Thf nghiem Kem Nhiet dd (°C) bdt la la 30 20 30 Dudi ddy la mdt sd dung cu chfnh dugc dung thf nghiem, ngodi cdn cd d'ng ddn khf bdng thuy tinh, d'ng cao su Hay ve so dd thiet bi dilu chd hidro 100- 50- f dng dong Chgu thuy tinh Nhl^t k l Binh tam giac Dung cu ndo ndi tren cd thi dung dl ld'y 50 cm dung dich axit sunfuric ? Trong phdng thi nghiem khdng cd cdn hod chd't, lam cdch nao cd dugc nhiing Id kem nhd vdi khdi lugng bdng dl lam thf nghiem Rut dugc nhiing kit ludn nao so sanh kit qua cua : a) Thf nghiem va thf nghiem ? b) Thf nghiem va thf nghiem ? Hay quan sdt dd thi dl cho bidt cac dudng cong a, b, c bilu thi cho nhftng thf nghiem ndo Giai thfch Ghi thi tfch khf hidro (tren true tung) phan ftng kit thuc Bilt rdng d dilu kien phdng thf nghiem, mol ed thi tfch la 24 1ft va kem cdn du sau cdc thf nghiem 6.32 Tft nhftng chdt sau : Cu, C, S, Na2S03, FeS2, O2, H2SO4 hay vidt tdt ca nhiing phuang trinh hod hgc cua phan ftng cd thi dung dl dilu chd luu huynh dioxit Ghi cac dilu kien cua phan img, ndu cd 57 6.33 Cd dng nghiem, mdi d'ng dung mdt chd't khf khdc nhau, chung dugc up ngugc tren cdc chdu dung nudc Sau mdt thdi gian, thft pH cua cac dung dich, kdt qua dugc ghi d hinh sau : /^ /^ r^ r> -: • —— ~—: -— — — -_z~"—~~-—_; ——- "-——-~.— -ii~ —I _i:"^—~~— -^"; A pH = B pH = — I : — ' D pH = C pH = 10 Hay cho bidt: Khf nao tan nudc nhilu nhd't ? Khf ndo khdng tan nudc ? Khf nao tan nudc ft nhdt ? Khf nao cd thi du doan la amoniac (NH3) ? Bidt rdng khf tan nhilu nudc, tao dung dich kilm ydu Them vai gigt dung dich NaOH vdo chdu B, nhdn thd'y muc nudc d'ng nghiem B ddng cao hon Vi lai xay hien tugng ? Ta cd the du doan khf d'ng nghiem B la khf nao ? Vi ? Ta cd thi du doan khf d'ng nghiem D la khf nao ? Vi ? 6.34 Thu 1ft khf SO2 vao chai, ddy nut, cdn dl xdc dinh khd'i lugng (hinh 6.9) Ddc hit SO2 khdi chai rdi dat len dia cdn : cd hien tugng mdt thdng bdng (hinh 6.10) a) Hay giai thich hien tugng quan sat dugc b) Dl cho dia cdn trd lai vi tri thang bdng, ngudi ta phai them vao dia cdn ben trai qua cdn cd tdng khd'i lugng la 1,5 g (hinh 6.11) Bidt rdng o f dilu kien cua thf nghiem, lit khdng khf cd khd'i lugng la 1,2 g Hay xac dinh khd'i lugng cua lit khf SO2 dilu kidn thf nghiem A A IL IL i Hinh 6.9 58 A IL 1.5g ^ HJnhO.IO Hinh 6.11 6.35 Cd nhftng chdt sau : Cu, CuO, Mg, CUCO3, AI2O3, Fe203 va Fe(0H)3 Hay cho bidt nhftng chdt nao tac dung vdi dung dich H2SO4 thi sinh : a) Khf nhe hon khdng khf vd chdy dugc khdng khf; b) Khf ndng han khdng khf va khdng tri su chdy ; c) Dung dich mau xanh ; d) Dung dich mau ndu nhat; d) Dung dich khdng mdu Vidt tdt ca cdc phuang trinh hod hgc cua cdc phan ftng xay Chd't ndo ndi tren khdng tdc dung vdi dung dich H2SO4 loang nhung tdc dung vdi H2SO4 dac ? Vidt phuang trinh hod hgc cua phan ftng va xdc dinh vai trd cac chd't tham gia 6.36 Trong tilt thuc hdnh vl tfnh chdt cua axit H2SO4 cd nhftng hoa chd't sau : Cu, MgO, dung dich NaOH, CuCOg, Fe, CUSO4.5H2O, dung dich H2SO4 loang va H2SO4 dac Hay lap kd hoach laiii thf nghiem dl chftng minh rang : a) Dung dich H2SO4 loang cd nhiing tinh chd't hod hgc chung cua mdt axit b) H2SO4 ddc cd nhftng tfnh chdt hod hgc ddc trung Dd la nhung tfnh chd't nao ? 6.37 Cdn dilu chi mdt lugng mudi ddng(II) sunfat khan Phuang phap nao sau ddy tidt kiem dugc axit sunfuric : a) Axit sunfuric tac dung vdi ddng(II) oxit ? b) Axit sunfuric tac dung vdi ddng kim loai ? Giai thich va vidt phuong trinh hod hgc cfta phan ftng 6.38 Cho nhfing hod chdt sau : Na2S03, CaSOj, BaS03, 'CUSO3 va dung dich H2SO4 Lua chgn nhiing hod chdt nao dl dilu chd SO2 dugc thudn Igi nhd't ? Giai thfch su lua chgn va vidt phuong trinh hod hgc cu^ phan ftng 6.39 Khi cho chd't rdn A tdc dung vdi H2SO4 dac, dun ndng sinh chat khf B khdng mau Khf B tan- rdt nhilu nudc, tao dung dich axit manh Nd'u cho dung dich B ddm dac tac dung vdi mangan dioxit thi sinh C mdu vdng nhat, mui hdc Khi cho mdt mdu natri tdc dung vdi C binh, lai thd'y xudt hien chd't rdn A ban ddu 59 Ba chd't A , B, C la chd't nao cac day sau ? Chat khf C Chat ran A Chat B - Natri cacbonat - Luu huynh dioxit -Oxi - Natri clorua - Cacbon dioxit - Hidro sunfua - Natri sunfit - Hidro clorua - Hidro - Canxi cacbonat - Cacbon monooxit -Clo - Natri sunfat - Hidro sunfua - Hidro clorua 6.40 Khi cho axit sunfuric ddc tac dung vdi natri clorua rdn dilu kifn binh thudng vl nhiet dd vd dp sudt, cac san phdm chi la A mdt mudi axit va mdt mudi trung hod B mdt mudi, mdt baza va nudc C mdt mudi axit va mdt khf cd tfnh axit D mdt mudi trung hoa va nudc E mdt baza va mdt cd tfnh axit Hay chgn phuong dn dung 6.41 Bang dudi ddy cho bidt tan cfta ba mudi nudc d nhiing nhiet d6 khdc : Do tan (g/100 g nudc) Nhiet cCia nudc (°C) KCIO3 NaCl Na2S04 20 32 26 40 14 34 50 60 25 36 48 80 35 38 45 100 52 40 42 a) Ve dd thi bilu diln dd tan cua ba mudi theo nhidt dd Dung true hoanh la nhidt dd vdi khoang each cm cho 10°C va true tung la dd tan cdc chdt vdi khoang each cm cho 10 g b) Dd tan cua cdc chdt rdn nudc thudng tang theo nhidt dd Cd nhdn xet gi vl dd tan cua ba chd't ? Chdt cd dd tan ldn la d nhidt dd ndo ? c) Chd't ndo ed dd tan ldn nhd't d 30°C va 90°C ? 60 6.42 Trong cdng nghiep san xudt axit sunfuric, ngudi ta dung chd't nao sau ddy tdc dung vdi nudc ? A Luu huynh dioxit; B Luu huynh trioxit; C Luu huynh ; D Natri sunfat 6.43 Dung dich axit sunfuric loang tdc dung duge vdi chd't day nao sau ddy ? A Ddng va ddng(II) hidroxit; B Sdt va sdt(III) hidroxit; C Luu huynh va hidro sunfua ; D Cacbon va cacbon dioxit Hay chgn phuang an dung 6.44 Axit sunfuric dac ngudi khdng tdc dung vdi chdt nao sau ddy ? A Kem ; B Sdt; C Canxi cacbonat; D Ddng(II) oxit 6.45 0,5 mol axit sunfuric tdc dung vfta dft vdi 0,5 mol natri hidroxit, san phdm la A mol natri sunfat B mol natri hidrosunfat C 0,5 mol natri sunfat D 0,5 mol natri hidrosunfat Hay chgn phuang dn dung Bai 46 LUYlN TAP CHUONG 6.46 Ngudi ta dilu chd mdt sd chd't khf bdng nhiing thf nghiem sau : Nung ndng canxi cacbonat; Dung dich HCI dac tdc dung vdi mangan dioxit; Dung dich H2SO4 loang tdc dung vdi kem ; 61 Luu huynh tdc dung vdi H2SO4 dac ; Natri sunfit tdc dung vdi dung dich H2SO4 loang ; Ddt ndng kali pemanganat a) Hay cho bid't ten nhftng chdt khf dugc sinh cdc thf nghiem tren b) Bdng nhiing thf nghiem nao ta cd thi khang dinh dugc chd't sinh mdi thf nghidm ? 6.47 a) Diln cdc chft thfch hgp vdo chd trdng d cdc thf nghidm sau : Axit sunfuric dac tdc dung vdi tinh thi CUSO4.5H2O mdu vd chuyin thdnh mau Hien tugng ndy la axit sunfuric dac da , cdn lai ddng(II) sunfat khan Thf nghidm chiing td rdng axit sunfuric dac cd tfnh Dun ndng axit sunfuric dac vdi cac tinh thi natri clorua thdy giai phdng chd't Khf cd ten la Thf nghiem chiing minh rdng axit sunfuric dac la mdt vd : Axit sunfuric ddc tac dung vdi cdc dan chdt nhu Cu, C, S Chung cd sd oxi hoa bdng Sau phan ftng, cdc nguydn td cd sd oxi hod Id Nhiing thf nghiem chiing minh rdng axit sunfuric ddc cd tfnh b) Vidt tdt ca nhftng phuang trinh hod hgc xay cac thf nghiem d phdn a 6.48 a) Cho cdc chdt long : dd NaOH, dd HCI, dd H2SO4 va H2O dugc kf hieu bdng cdc chft cdi : A, B, C va D (khdng theo trinh tu tren) Kdt qua cfta nhihig thi nghiem tim hiiu vl nhttng dung dich dugc ghi bang sau : Thudc thft Dung djch Quy tfm A B C D Dung djch BaCl2 xanh tfm ket tua trdng khdng ket ti!ia khdng ket tCia khdng ket tCia Hay cho bidt A, B, C va D la nhiing chdt nao Giai thfch vd vidt cac phuang trinh hod hgc cfta phan ftng b) Cho bd'n chd't rdn mdu trdng : AICI3, MgCl2, Na2S04 vd MgS04 dugc kf hieu bdng cac chft cdi: E, F, G va H (khdng theo trinh tu trdn) Kd't qua cfta nhiing thi nghiem tim hiiu vl nhiing chdt rdn dugc ghi bang sau : 62 Chat Them dung djch NaOH vao dung dich ciia tdng chat Khong cd ket tCia Tao ket tua trang Ket tOa tan dung dich NaOH dU Tao ket tua trang khong tan dung dich NaOH du Tao ket tCia trang LL E Thdm dung djch BaCl2 vao dung djch ciia tCtng chat Tao ket tua trang Khdng cd ket tua G Khdng cd ket tua H Tao ket tCia trang Hay cho bidt E, F, G vd H la nhiing chd't nao Giai thich va vidt cdc phuang trinh hod hgc 6.49 Cd mdt chdt phan ftng hod hgc ddng vai trd la chd't khft, nhung phanftnghod hgc khdc lai la chdt oxi hod Chdt dd cd the la : a) Mdt axit; b) Mdt oxit baza ; c) Mdt oxit axit; d) Mdt dan chd't Vidt cdc phuang^rinh hod hgc dl chiing minh cho dilu khang dinh tren 6.50 Nghien ciiu thf nghiem hod hgc gifta kim loai Mg va dung dich H2SO4 loang (du) bdng cdch thi tich hidro thu dugc sau mdi khoang thdi gian la gidy Dugc cdc kit qua ghi bang dudi ddy Vidt phuang trinh hod hgc cua phan ling xay Ve d6 thi bilu diln thi tfch khf hidro thu dugc theo thdi gian phan ftng (1 cm tren true tung ftng vdi 10 cm khf H2, cm treniruc hodnh ftng vdi thdi gian 10 gidy) Trong khoang thdi gian nao thi phan ftng xay nhanh nhd't ? Ndu dung 0,075 g Mg cho thf nghiem ndy thi: a) thdi dilm ndo se cdn lai 0,025 g Mg chua tham gia phan ftng ? b) Cdn thdi gian bao Idu dl 0,075 g Mg phan ling hdt vdi axit ? Thdi gian The tich (cm^) (giay) ddktc 0 18 10 34 15 47 20 57 25 63 30 67 35 69 40 70 45 70 63 6.51 a) Nguyen td luu huynh cd cac trang thdi oxi hod la : - , 0, +4, +6 Hay vidt edng thftc hod hgc cfta nhiing chd't ma nguydn td' luu huynh cd sd oxi hod tuang ftng -2 b) Hidro sunfua (H2S) Id chd't khft, dd S cd thi bi oxi hod ddn cac trang thai oxi hod sau : - - + - + S^S; S ^ S ; S-^S Hay ddn nhiing phuang trinh hod hgc dl chiing minh c) Nguyin tft S cd thi bi oxi hod hodc bi khft ddn nhiing trang thai oxi hod sau : - + + S^S; S->S; S-)-S Hay ddn nhiing phuang trinh hod hgc dl chiing minh d) Luu huynh d trang thai oxi hod +4 cd thi bi khft hodc bi oxi hod din nhiing trang thdi oxi hod sau : +4 S -^ S ; + + S^ S Hay ddn nhiing phuang trinh hod hgc dl chirng minh d) Luu huynh d trang thai oxi hod +6 chi cd thi bi khft ddn nhfing trang thdi oxi hod sau : +6 +4 S ^ S; +6 S->S ; +6 -2 S^S Hay ddn nhiing phuang trinh hod hgc dl chiing minh 6.52 Ddt chdy hoan toan 2,04 g hgp chdt A, thu dugc 1,08 g H2O va 1,344 1ft SO2 (ddktc) a) Hay xdc dinh cdng thftc phdn tft cfta hgp chd't A ; * b) Hdp thu hodn toan lugng khf SO2 ndi trdn vao 13,95 ml dung dich KOH 28%, cd khdi lugng rieng Id 1,147 g/ml Hay tfnh ndng dd phdn tram cdc chd't cd dung dich sau phan ftng 64 Chuang TOC DO PHAN LTNG VA CAN BANG HOA HOC Bai 49 TOO DO PHAN Q N G H O A HOC 7.1 Mdt phan ftng hod hgc xdy theo phuang trinh : A + B > C Ndng dd ban ddu cfta chd't A la 0,80 mol//, cua chd't B la 1,00 mol// Sau 20 phut, ndng dd chd't A giam xud'ng cdn 0,78 mol// a) Hdi ndng dd mol cua chd't B luc dd la bao nhieu ? b) Tfnh tdc dd trung binh cua phan ftng khoang thdi gian ndi tren Tdc dd tfnh theo chd't A va tfnh theo chd't B cd khac khdng ? 7.2 Mdt phan ftng hod hgc xay theo phuong trinh : A + 2B Cho cdc dft kien thuc nghiem sau : > 3C H6ng A B C Luc dau 1,01 mol// 4,01 mol// mol// Sau 20 phut 1,00 mol// ? ? Hay tfnh : a) Cdc ndng dd chua bidt bang b) Tdc dd trung binh cfta phan ftng theo ndng dd chd't A khoang thdi gian dd 7.3 Thuc nghiem cho thd'y tdc dd cua phan ftng hod hgc : A (k) + 2B (k) > C (k) + D (k) dugc tfnh theo bilu thftc : v = k [A].[B]^, dd k la hdng sd tdc dd, [A] va [B] la cac ndng dd cfta chat A va chd't B tfnh theo mol/l Hdi tdc dd cua phan ftng tren tang len bao nhieu ldn, ndu : a) Ndng dd chd't B tdng ba ldn va ndng dd chd't A khdng ddi b) Ap sudt cua he tdng hai ldn 5.BT H6AHOC10.NC-A 65 7.4 Thuc nghiem cho bidt tdc cfta phan ftng : A2 + B2 > 2AB dugc tinh theo bieu thftc : v = k[A2].[B2] Trong sd cac dilu khdng dinh dudi ddy, dilu nao phu hgp vdi bilu thftc tren ? A Tdc cua phan ftng hod hgc dugc bdng sg bidn ddi ndng dd cac chdt du phan ftng mdt dan vi thdi gian B Tdc cua phan ftng hod hgc ti Id thudn \6i tich cdc ndng dd cua cac chdt dg phan ling C Tdc cua phan ftng hoa hgc giam ddn theo tidn trinh phan ftng D Tdc cfta phan ftng hod hgc tang len cd mat chdt xuc tdc 7.5 Ngudi ta cho N2 va H2 vao mdt binh kfn, the tfch khdng ddi vd thuc hiSn phan ftng: N2 + 3H2 > 2NH3 Sau mdt thdi gian, ndng cac chd't binh nhu sau : [N2] = 1,5 mol/l; [H2] = mol/l; [NH3] = mol/l Hay tinh ndng ban ddu cfta N2 va H2 7.6 Khi nhiet dd tang thdm 10°C, tdc cfta mdt phan ftng hod hgc tdng len hai ldn Hdi tdc cua phan ftng dd se tang len bao nhieu ldn ndng nhiet tft 25°C len 75°C ? 7.7 Khi nhiet dd tang them 10°C, tdc dd cua mdt phan ftng hod hgc tdng len ba ldn Dl tdc cua phan ftng dd (dang tidn hanh d 30°C) tdng len 81 J&, cdn phai thuc hien phan ftng d nhiet dd ndo ? 7.8 Khi nhiet dd tang them 10°C, tdc cfta mdt phan iing tang ldn ldn Hoi tdc dd cfta phan ftng dd se giam di bao nhidu ldn nhiet dd giam tit 70°C xud'ng 40°C ? 7.9 Trong nhftng trudng hgp dudi ddy, ydu td ndo anh hudng ddn tdc dd ciia phan ling ? A Tdc ddt chdy luu huynh tang len dua luu huynh dang chdy khdng khf vao binh chfta oxi nguyen chd't B Tdc cfta phan ftng gifta hidro vd oxi tang ldn dua bdt platin vao hdn hgp phan ftng C Tdc cua phan ftng gifta hidro va iot tang ldn dun ndng D Tdc dd ddt chdy than tdng len ddp nhd than "" 5.BT HOAHOCIO.NGfl 7.10 Photgen Id mdt khf ddc dugc dilu chd tft cacbon monooxit va clo theo phan ftng : CO (k) + CI2 (k) > COCI2 (k) Nghidn cihi sg phu thudc cua tdc dd phan ftng vao ndng dd cac chd't phan ling, ngudi ta dugc cac kdt qua : Thf nghiem [CO] ban ddu (mol//) [ C y ban ddu (mol//) Tdc dd ban ddu (mol//.s) 1,00 0,100 1,29.10"^^ 0,100 0,100 1,33.10"^° 0,100 1,00 1,30.10~^^ 0,100 0,0100 1,32.10"^^ a) Hay vidt bilu thftc trinh bay su phu thudc cfta tdc phan ftng vao ndng cac chdt phan ftng , b) Tfnh gia tri trung binh cua hdng sd tdc dd phan ftng 7.11* Dl hod tan hit mdt mdu kem dung dich axit clohidric d 20°C cdn 27 phut Cung mdu kem dd tan hdt dung dich axit ndi tren d 40°C phut Hdi dl hod tan hit mdu kem dd dung dich axit ndi tren d 55°C thi cdn thdi gian bao nhieu ? Bai 50 CAN BANG HOA HOC 7.12 Trong sd cac phan ftng dudi ddy (xay dung dich), phan ftng ndo la phan ftng mdt ehilu, phan ftng nao la thudn nghich ? Thay kf hieu -^ phuang trinh cfta phan ftng thuan nghich bdng kf hieu ?=t a)Zn(r) + H2S04(dd) -^ ZnS04(dd) + H2(k) b)BaCl2(dd) + Na2S04(dd) -> BaS04(r) + 2NaCl (dd) 67 c) KOH (dd) + HCI (dd) > KCl (dd) + H2O (/) d)Br2(/) + H20(/) > HBr(dd) + HBrO (dd) 7.13 Trong nhiing dilu khang dinh dudi day, dilu ndo phu hgp vdi mdt he hod hgc d trang thai cdn bdng ? A Phan ftng thudn da dftng B Phan ftng nghich da dftng C Ndng cfta cac san phdm vd ndng dd cae chd't phan ftng bdng D Tdc cua cdc phan ftng thudn va nghich bdng 7.14 Trong cac bieu thftc dudi ddy, bilu thftc nao didn dat dung hdng sd cdn bdng cua phan ftng ? H2 (k) + I2 (k) < > 2HI (k) [H2l[l2l • C.K=JSL [2H][2I] [HI]|2 D.K=™' • [H][I] 7.15 Phan ftng nao cdc phan ftng dudi ddy cd hdng sd cdn bdng dugc tfnh bdng bilu thftc : K = ^^}^^ ? [AB2] A 2AB(k) < > A2(k) + B2(k) B C A(k) + 2B(k) < AB2 (k) < > AB2(k) > A (k) + 2B (k) D A2(k) + B2(k) r — » 2AB(k) 7.16 Phan ftng sau ddy dang d trang thai cdn bdng : H2 (k) + ^ (k) < > H2O (k) AH < Trong cac tac ddng dudi ddy, tac ddng ndo lam thay ddi hdng sd cdn bang ? A Thay ddi dp sudt B Thay ddi nhiet dd 68 C Cho thdm O2 D Cho chd't xuc tdc 7.17 O mdt nhidt dd nhd't dinh, phan ftng thudn nghich : N2 + 3H2 < » 2NH3 dat tdi cdn bdng ndng dd cac chd't nhu sau : [N2] = 0,01 mol/l; [H2] = 2,0 mol/l; [NH3] = 0,4 mol/l Tfnh hdng sd cdn bdng d nhiet dd dd va ndng dd ban,ddu cua N2 va H2 7.18 Mdt phan ftng thudn nghich dugc trinh bay bdng phuang trinh : A(k) + B(k) < » C(k) + D(k) Ngudi ta trdn bdn chd't A, B, C va D, mdi chdt mol vao mdt binh kfn cd thi tfch V khdng ddi Khi cdn bang dugc thidt lap, lugng chdt C binh la 1,5 mol Hay tim hang sd can bang cfta phan ftng 7.19 Tfnh ndng dd can bang cua cac chdt tham gia va tao d phan ftng : CO(k) + H20(k) < » C02(k) + H2(k) ndu luc ddu chi ed CO va hai nudc vdi ndng [CO] = 0,1 mol/l, [H2O] = 0,4 mol/l, va hdng sd can bdng cua phanftngd nhiet dd da cho la 7.20 Dga vao gia tri hdng sd can bang cua cdc phan ftng dudi ddy, hay cho bidt phan ling nao cd hieu sudt cao nhd't va phan ftng nao cd hieu sud't thdp nhdt ? a) S02(k) + N02(k)< > NO (k) + SO3 (k) K=1.10^ b) H2(k) + F2(k) < » 2HF(k) K=1.10 c) 2H20(k) < > 2H2(k) + 02(k) K = 6.10-28 13 7.21 Viec san xud't amoniac cdng nghiep dua tren phan ftng thudn nghich sau ddy : N2(k) + 3H2(k) < = ± 2NH3(k) ; AH = - 92 kJ Khi hdn hgp phan ftng dang d trang thai cdn bang, nhfing thay ddi dudi ddy se cd anh hudng thd nao den vi trf cdn bang ? a) Tang nhiet dd ; b) Tang dp sudt; c) Cho chd't xuc tdc ; d) Giam nhiet ; d) Ld'y NH3 khdi hd ? 7.22 Su thay ddi dp sud't cd thi gdy su chuyin dich cdn bang eua mgi phdn ftng thudn nghich hay khdng ? Giai thich 69 7.23 Nhfing dilu khdng dinh sau ddy dung hay sai ? a) Su thay ddi ndng chdt phan ftng lam thay ddi hdng sd can bdng ; b) Su thay ddi ndng chd't phan ftng lam chuyin dich cdn bdng ; c) Su thay ddi nhiet dd lam thay ddi hdng sd cdn bdng ; d) Sg thay ddi nhiet dd lam chuyin dich cdn bdng, AH eua phan ftng khdcO 7.24 Cdc cdn bdng hod hgc dudi ddy chuyin dich nhu thd nao khi: a) tang dp sud't ? b) tang nhiet dd ? H2(k) + l2(r) < » 2HI(k) AH = 51,8kJ 2N0(k) + 02(k) < > 2N02(k) AH = -113kJ CO(k) + Cl2(k) < > C0Cl2(k) AH = -114kJ CaC03(r) < > CaO (r) + C02(k) AH=117kJ 7.25* Mdt binh kfn chfta khf NH3 d 0°C vd atm vdi ndng mol/l Nung binh kfn dd den 546°C va NH3 bi phdn huy theo phan ftng : 2NH3 < > N2 + 3H2 Khi phan ftng tren dat tdi cdn bang, dp sud't khf binh la 3,3 atm Thi tfch binh khdng ddi Tfnh hdng sd cdn bdng eua phan ftng phdn huy amoniac d 546°C Bai 51 LUY$N TAP : TOO 0 PHAN Q N G VA CAN BANG HOA HOC 7.26 Trinh bay ba phuang phap cd thi dung dl tdng tdc dd cfta phan ftng gifta hidro va oxi 7.27 Trong phdng thi nghiem, ndu cho tia Ifta dien qua hdn hgp khf nita vd hidro thi chi cd mdt lugng nhd khf NH3 dugc tao thdnh theo phan ftng : N2 + 3H2 < > 2NH3 Nhung ne'u cd mat axit sunfuric thi phan ftng ed thi dugc thuc hiln hodn toan Hay giai thfch hien tugng neu tren 70 7.28 Qua trinh san xud't amoniac cdng nghiep dua tren phan ftng : N2(k) + 3H2(k) < > 2NH3(k) AH = - kJ Ndng dd NH3 hdn hgp luc cdn bdng se ldn han A nhiet dd va dp sud't diu giam B nhiet dd vd dp sudt diu tang C nhiet dd giam va dp sud't tang D nhiet tdng va dp sudt giam Y kiln nao la dftng ? 7.29 Tdc dd cua phan ftng : Na2S203 (dd) + H2SO4 (dd) > S (r)l + SO2 (k) + Na2S04 (dd) + HjO (/) dugc tfnh theo cdng thftc : v = k[Na2S203].[H2S04], dd k la hdng sd tdc dd, [Na2S203] va [H2SO4] la ndng mol cfta cac chdt Na2S203 va H2SO4 Di nghien ciiu su phu thudc cua phan ftng tren vao ndng dd chdt phan ling, ngudi ta dung mdt loat dung dich Na2S203 vdi ndng dd ldn lugt la 0,158% ; 0,316% ; 0,632% ; 0,790% va 1,58% (cac dung dich loang diu cd khd'i lugng rieng dugc coi la bdng g/ml) Ndng dd dung dich axit sunfuric dugc gift khdng ddi Tidn hanh thi nghiem theo each dugc md ta SGK Hod hgc 10 ndng cao Trong trudng hgp thft nhdt (dung dich Na2S203 cd ndng dd 0,158%), thdi gian phan ftng (tft luc dd cac dung dich ban ddu vao ddn luc luu huynh che ldp ddu +) la phut Tfnh thdi gian phan ftng nhfing trudng hgp cdn lai 7.30* Axit axetic tac dung vdi ancol isopropylic theo phan ftng thuan nghich : CH3COOH +C3H7OH < Axit axetic Ancol isopropylic > CH3COOC3H7 + H2O Isopropyl axetat Nudc Ndu ban ddu ngudi ta cho mol axit axetic tac dung vdi mol ancol isopropylic thi can bdng se dat dugc cd 0,6 mol isopropyl axetat dugc tao thdnh Luc dd ngudi ta them mol axit axetic vao hdn hgp phan ftng, cdn bdng se bi phd vd vd chuyin dich den trang thai cdn bdng mdi Hdi cdn bdng mdi dugc thiet lap, sd mol mdi chd't hdn hgp la bao nhieu ? 71 ... NGUYEN TCT OBITAN NGUYEN TCT 1. 41 Tdng sd nguydn tft 0, 01 mol phan tft mudi amoni nitrat bdng A 5, 418 .10 ^ 1 B 5, 418 .10 ^ \ C 6,02 .10 ^ 1 D 3, 01 .10 ^ 1 Hay chgn dap an dung 1. 42 Nguydn tft la phdn tft... Nguydn tft khdi D Sd electron nguydn tft 15 2 .17 Dua trdn cac dft kidn cho dudi day : Nguyen td Na Mg Al Si P S TnguyentftCnm) 0 ,15 7 0 ,13 6 0 ,12 5 0 ,11 7 0, 11 0 0 ,10 4 Hay giai thfch su bidn ddi ban kfnh... khd''i cua chiing The tfch cua 20 g agon (d dktc) bdng A 1, 1 21 d m l B 1, 120 d m l C 11 , 214 6 d m l D 11 ,200 dml Hay chgn phuang an dung 1. 33 Trong tu nhien oxi cd ba ddng v i : ^ | o ; ^gO ; ^gO;