Basic knowledge on textile for marchandising

1 BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON TEXTILE FOR MARCHANDISING 1 BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON TEXTILE FOR MARCHANDISING 1 BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON TEXTILE FOR MARCHANDISING 2  Some Factors Related to Buying Side: 1. Customer: Those who buy the ultimate product are called customers. Customer of a product may be the consumer of this product or not. 2. Consumer: Those who use the ultimate product are called consumers. Consumer of a product may be the consumer of this product or not. 3. Buyer: Those who buy the product from other in large quantity are called buyers. 4. Whole Seller: Those who sell the product to the retailer are called whole- sellers. 5. Retailer: Those who sell the product directly to the customer are called retailers. 6. Importers: Those who buy or import the product from foreign or overseas country in large quantity are called importers.  Some Factors Related to Selling Side: 1. Seller: Those who sell the product to the others are called seller. 2. Manufacturer: Those who manufacturer the product are called manufacturers. 3. Exporter: Those who sell or export the product to the buyer of foreign country are called exporters. 4. Trader: Those who establish liaison between buyer and manufacturer are called traders. Buyer Trader Manufacturer  Buying House: Buying house means Buyer’s liaison office or trader office. Traders are of two types- i) Foreign Trader ii) Local Trader  Name of Some Important Buyer of Bangladesh: 3 Generally buyers of USA, Europe, Canada, Australia, Japan, India are the main buyers of Garments and Textile product of Bangladesh. Name of some important buyers of these countries are described below-  Name of Some USA Buyers: 1. GAP 2. Adidas 3. Walmart 4. Levi’s (Brand: Dockler, Denizer, Levi’strauss) 5. VF Asia (Brand: Lee, Wrangler ) 6. PVH -Phillips Von Heuson (Brand: CK) 7. Peri Ellis 8. Academy 9. Banana 10. Old Navy 11. US Polo 12. Nike 13. American Eagle  Name of Some European Buyers: 1. H & M 2. Hugo Boss 3. Zara 4. Mango (Turnkey) 5. Puma 6. European Eagle 7. C & A 8. M &S 9. Esprit 10.Terco 11. Decathlon 12.Sains Burry 13.Carretow 14.NKD 15.Tema 4 16.Lindex  Name of Australian Buyers: 1. K-mark  Name of Some Japanese Buyers: 1. Uniquelo 2. Huloson Bay  Name of Some Indian Buyers: 1. Black Berry 2. Mahendra ( Brand: Peter England ) 3. ITC 4. Ramond  Name of Some Important Traders of Bangladesh:  Multinational Traders: 1. Li & Fung 2. Mondial 3. Asmara 4. Comptextile 5. Lin Mark 6. Synergies 7. ZXY Apparel Buying Solution 8. Texebo  Local Traders: 1. Centrotex 2. Team Sourcing  Seasons of Export: Seasons of Export in USA: 5 i) Spring ii) Summer iii) Fall Seasons of Export in Europe: a) i) Spring ii) Summer b) i) Autumn ii) Winter  Major Garments Manufacturer Countries: 1. Bangladesh 2. China 3. Vietnam 4. Combodia 5. Pakistan 6. Thailand 7. Indonesia 8. Turkey 9. India 10.Shrilanka Turkey: This country is suitable for highly de corative and fancy garments. China: Buyers select China for decorative garments and short time shipment. SS- January to Jun AW- July to December 6 India: Buyers select India for decorative garments. Vietnuma: Buyers select Vietnum for plain printed T-Shiort. Combodia: Buyers select Vietnum for plain printed T-Shiort. Bangladesh: Bangladesh is a Lower Developing Country with GSP facilitiy. Buyers import various types of garments from Bangladesh. The Generalized System of Preferences (known as GSP for short) is a scheme whereby a wide range of industrial and agricultural products originating in certain developing countries are given preferential access to the markets of the European Union. Preferential treatment is given in the form of reduced or zero rates of customs duties. The GSP scheme is specifically designed to benefit certain developing countries and integrate them into the world economy. Since 1971, the EU has had rules ensuring that exporters from developing countries pay lower duties on some or all of what they sell to the EU. This gives them vital access to EU markets contributing to the growth of their economies. This scheme is known as the "Generalized System of Preferences". Today Bangladesh offers a very flexible and feasible production base for its customers in EU, America and Australia. The EU market is quota free for apparels and goods are eligible for the GSP facilities. As an LDC member Bangladesh also obtain special Tariff benefit from Canada (18% import Tax free). FOB: FOB means Free on Board. It is the value of the product which is fixed without cost of transportation of this product. 7 CIF: FOB means Free on Board. It is the value of the product which is fixed including the cost of transportation and insurance of this product. Steps of garments export are described as follows: 1.Space Availability: Space availability or time agreement is the availability of availability of production floor for the production of garments. 2.Costing: Costing means the way of calculating the cost of production of garments. Costing is done considering- i) Fabric price ii) Accessories price & iii) C&M Cost  Way of Costing: Costing can be done by- i) Original Sample ii) Specification Specification contains the following factors:- i) Design or Sketch of garments ii) Fabric Type- - Composition 8 - Color - Construction - GSM or Ozs. Per Square Yards. - Any other instruction iii) Accessories Detail iv) Any Kind of Instruction v) Garments Size ( called “Measurement Chart” or “Size Chart” ) Specification File: The file which contain the specification of product is called the “Specification File” or “Technical Package” or Tech-pack” or “PDM” (Product Development Manual) or “Order Sheet” or “Product Package”. Specification File is issued by the buyer and collected by the manufacturer. BOM Sheet: The pages of specification file contain fabric and accessories detail is called BOM ( Bill of Material ) Sheet. 3.Order Confirmation: Order confirmation is issued by the buyer to the manufacturer which contains Tech- pack. 4.Purchase Order: PO or purchase order is issued by the buyer to the manufacturer. 5.Master L/C: L/C or Letter of Credit is a confirmation which is prepared by the buyer ( bank of buyer ) and issued to the manufacturer. It has financial value. L/C is of two types- i) Master L/C & ii) Back to Back L/C 9 When a L/C is opened to import goods directly from the exporter is called master L/C. It is issued by the buyer (bank of buyer) to the manufacturer. 6.T & A Calendar Making: T & A or “ Time and Action” calendar is made by the manufacturer to complete the production within a specific period of time. 7.Fabric & Accessories Booking: After making of T & A calendar, fabric & accessories booking is necessary. Without fabric, all materials used in garments is called “Accessories” or “Trimmings”. Accessories includes- i) Sewing Thread ii) Button iii) Interlining iv) Zipper v) Label vi) Tissue Paper vii) Ball head pin viii) Hager ix) Carton x) Rib and xi) Silica Gee Bag xii) Plastic Clip so on. 8.Back to Back L/C: Back to Back L/ C is prepared by the manufacturer to collect raw materials from the suppliers. It has 70-80% financial value of Master L/C. Difference Between Master L/C and Back to Back L/C: 10 Master L/C Back to Back L/C Master L/C is prepared by the buyer to import goods from the manufacturer. Back to Back L/C is prepared by the manufacturer to collect raw materials for the production. This L/C is issued by the buyer to the manufacturer. This L/C is issued by the manufacturer to the raw material suppliers. It is the basic L/C. It depends on master L/C Prepared for the import of goods from the exporter. Prepared to collect raw material from the supplier. It has higher financial value than the Back to Back L/C. It has lower financial value than the Master L/C ( 70-80% of Master L/C ). 9.Sampling: Sample is the small quantity which represents the bulk. The process of collecting or making sample is called “Sampling”. Types of Garments Sample a. Proto Sample: Features:  This type of sample is made by the manufacturer by available fabric and accessories.  This sample is made before or after order confirmation. Purpose: Here buyer checks whether the factory can make the garments. b. Fit Sample: Features:  This type of sample is made by the manufacturer by available fabric and accessories.  This sample is made after order confirmation. Purpose: [...]... without button at front 2 Slipover: Sleeveless sweater without button at front 3 Vest/Waist Coat/Over Coat: Sleeveless sweater with button at front 4 Cardigan: Long sleeve sweater with button at front 5 Zip-up: Long sleeve sweater with zipper at front 21 6 Half-zip: Long sleeve sweater with half-zipper at front  Type s of Fleece: Generally there are two types of fleece 1 Terri Fleece: One side of... quality and suggest to over-come any type of problem This type of inspection is called In-line Inspection  On- line Inspection: Inspection at the end of the production line during production is called On- line Inspection This inspection is conducted by the factory QC  Logistic Firms: 16 The firms or agents which take the responsibility to receive the goods from the manufacturer company at the port... Accessories: 1.Button: Button is an important finishing accessory which is used for fastening and also used for decorative purpose Size of button is expressed in “Ligne” where, 1 Ligne = 0.635 mm 26 28L Types of Button: According to the number of hole button can be classified as- 2.Snap: - 2 hole button & - 4 hole button Snap is a fastening device that contains four parts 3.Shank Button: Shank Button is a fastening... be at the end of the production line or in the lab 21 Final Inspection: Final inspection is conducted by the – i) Buyer ii) Buyer QC iii) Trader QC iv) Self Inspection: Conducted by the factory QC v) Third Party Inspection: Conducted by the testing houses Foreign Local  Name of Some Testing Houses: i) ii) iii) iv) SGS ITS Burean Veritas TUV SUD Multinational 15 Functions of Testing Houses:    ... order confirmation  This sample must be approved by the buyer before production Purpose: Bulk production is done following PP sample d Size Set Sample: Features:  This type of sample is made in all sizes  These samples are sent to the buyer  These samples are made in all sizes Purpose: This sample is used for PP meeting e Production Sample: Features:  These samples are collected from the production... and abrasion resistant 2.Interlining: Interlining is one kind of accessories used between two layers of the fabrics in the garments which is invisible Purpose of Using Interlining: Interlining is used for desired shape and strength of a component of the garments Types of Interlining: I) Woven Interlining Woven fusible Woven non-fusible II) Non-woven Interlining Non-woven fusible Non-woven non-fusible... Pattern Master Production Manager Sample man 13 Pattern and Marker Making of Bulk Production: Pattern is a hard paper which is made by following each individual components for a style of garments Marker is a thin paper which contains all components of different sizes for a particular style of garments 14 Trial Cutting: Little amount ( for 200-300 pieces of garments ) of fabrics are cut for checking the efficiency... II) Individual- one garment/bag Blister- more than 1 to 100 garments/bag 16.Carton: Number of ply indicates the quality of a carton There are -3 ply carton -5 ply carton -7ply carton -9 ply carton etc 17 Eyelet 18 Draw-cord 19 Stopper 28 20.Gum Tape: Gum tape is used to bind the carton 21.Buckle: Metal trim used in waist band of trench coat 22.Photo-in-lay: Photo of packed garment on the packet 23.PP... top garments containing “Lapel” and Taffeta 10 Padded Jacket: Jacket that contains “Quilting” 11 Trench Coat: Long coat with waist belt 12 Gilet: Sleeveless thick jacket 13 Pazamas: Night dress- both top & bottom 14 Coverall: 15 Overall: ‘Work wears’ which provide protection from uncomfortable working environment 16 Shortall: 17 Vest/Over coat/Waist coat: Sleeveless coat with button at front 19 18 Head... Briefs, Lingerie’s, Button hole elastic etc, 5.Label: A label is accessory which indicates various instructions about garments The label is attached with garments by sewing Types of Label: I) Main Label: Contains buyer name or brand name II) Size Label: Contains garments size III) Care Label: Provides information about washing, ironing, drying etc 24 IV) Integrated Label: Contains main label, care . 1 BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON TEXTILE FOR MARCHANDISING 1 BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON TEXTILE FOR MARCHANDISING 1 BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON TEXTILE FOR MARCHANDISING 2  Some Factors Related. is called In-line Inspection.  On- line Inspection: Inspection at the end of the production line during production is called On- line Inspection. This inspection is conducted by the factory QC . specification file contain fabric and accessories detail is called BOM ( Bill of Material ) Sheet. 3.Order Confirmation: Order confirmation is issued by the buyer to the manufacturer which contains