khi cĩ: I’m sorry/ What’s a pity/ It’s a pity/… bỏ qua khi chuyển sang câu với “wish” nếu câu nêu ý ở dạng khẳng định khi chuyển sang với wish ta đổi thành câu chủ động và ngược lại
Trang 1UNIT 1: A VISIT FROM A PEN PAL
VOCABULARY
1 Getting started
- Foreign (adj): thuộc nước ngoài - Pen pal (n) bạn qua thư
2 Listen and read
sự thân thiệnlăng
viện bảo tàngđền, điệnVăn Miếucông viênhồnhà thờ Hồi giáotrường tiểu học
cầu nguyện
kỳ nghỉvào cuối …
ở hoặc ra nước ngoàiphụ thuộc vàogiữ liên lạckhác vớidiện tích, khu vực
sự giải trí, tiêu khiển
sự thờ phụng, tôn kínhtất cả những điều nói trên
thuộc công nghiệp
- quiet (adj):
- church (n):
- especially (adv):
yên tĩnhnhà thờđặc biệt là
đi quabắt, bắt kịpgần với
ký hiệu, bảng hiệuchính xác
nhiệt đớikhí hậuđơn vị tiền tệgồm códân sốĐạo Hồichính thức
một cách đơn giảnmột cách rộng rãi
sự hướng dẫnngôn ngữ chínhtrường trung học cơ sỏbắt buộc
vở kịchtiệc chia tay
hồ bơitrận bóng đáquê nhà
- Youth and Young Pioneer Associations: - badly (adv): xấu, tồi tệ
Trang 2S + Vo/Vs/ Ves + ………
- S + wish + S + didn’t +Vo+ …
S + am/ is/ are + ………
- S + wish + S + were + not +……….
Đội Thiếu niên Tiền phong
Điều ước không có thật ở hiện tại
EX:
She is not tall she wishes she were tall.
I don’t know his telephone number I wish I knew his telephone number.
khi cĩ: I’m sorry/ What’s a pity/ It’s a pity/… bỏ qua khi chuyển sang câu với “wish”
nếu câu nêu ý ở dạng khẳng định khi chuyển sang với wish ta đổi thành câu chủ động và ngược lại
câu phủ định với any khi chuyển sang câu với “wish”ta đổi thành some
S + would like/ love + O + To V1 I wish + S + V2/ed (bỏ would like / love lấy động từ có “to” chuyển thành động từ ở cột 2 hoặc thêm ED)
Ngồi cách trên người ta cịn sử dụng từ trái nghĩa để viết thành câu với WISH
Ex: Lan is bad at English Lan wishes she weren’t bad at Engkish ( Cách 1 dùng thể phủ định is weren’t)
Hoặc: Lan wishes she were good at English ( Cách 2 dùng từ trái nghĩa bad good)
Một số từ trái nghĩa:
heavy light expensive cheap slow / slowly quick / quickly
lazy hard – working urgly beautiful old new (vật)/ young (người) thin fat (người) / thick (vật)
EXERCISE: Use the correct form of verb in parentheses
1 I wish I ( live) ……… near my school.
2 I wish I ( know) ……… her address.
3 I wish I ( be ) ……… taller.
4 I wish I (meet) ……… her now
5 She wishes her father ( be ) ……… here now to help her
6 I wish I ( have ) ……… more time to do this job
7 The teacher wishes you ( work )………… more than (talk )………
8 I wish I ( not live )……… in such a noisy city
9 I wish I (have )……… enough money to buy this book.
EXERCISE: Rewrite sentences, using “I wish ”
Ví dụ: I don’t know many English words I wish I knew many English words.
1 I don’t have time to go around the city
Trang 3I wish
5 My friend doesn’t have money to repair his bicycle I wish
6 My students don’t speak English fluently I wish
7 My students write lessons slowly I wish
8 The exercises are long I wish
9 The film is boring I wish
10 The weather is very hot today I wish
11 My motorcycle is very old I wish
12 Everybody in our village is poor I wish
13 My son plays video games during the day. I wish
14 He gets up late for class today I wish
15 My family live in a small house. I wish
16 This student doesn’t go to school on time. I wish
17 Many people in Viet Nam don’t have a house I wish
EXERCISE: Rewrite sentences, using “I wish ”
1 I’m sorry I don’t have much money I wish
2 What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me I wish
3 I’m sorry I get bad marks I wish
4 What a pity the weather isn’t fine today I wish
5 Sorry I forget your birthday I wish ………
6 My mother never has an interesting party I wish ………
7 My father is sick today (well) I wish ………
8 These exercises are very long (short) We wish ………
9 My students are very lazy (hard working) I wish ………
10 Her bicycle is old (new) She wishes ………
USED TO / BE USED TO
10 Diễn tả một thói quen trong quá khứ, không còn lưu lại ở hiện tại:
S + used to + V0
11 Diễn tả một thói quen hay một sự thích nghi ở hiện tại
S + be / get used to + Ving
12 Khi viết lại câu chuyển từ quá khứ đơn sang used to ta chuyển động từ từ quá khứ đơn “V2 / ed” sang động từ nguyên mẫu và bỏ các trạng từ chỉ thời gian (always , usually, often …)nếu có
Ví dụ: I sometimes went to the market with my grandma when I was young
Trang 4 I used to go to the market with my grandma when I was young
EXERCISE: Use “used to” or “be used to”
1 They are used to /used to go to Da lat in Summer.
2 They are used to / used to playing soccer in the park.
3 I am used to / used to getting up early.
4 Tom is used to / used to do his homework in the evening.
5 Lan is used to / used to writing to Maryam.
6 He is used to / used to work at night.
7 Did they use to /Are they used to watching T.V?
8 Is she used to / Did she use to playing badminton?
9 My father is used to / used to come home late.
10 She is used to / used to go swimming in the afternoon.
Trang 5EXERCISE: Rewrite the following sentences with “used to”:
1 They lived in Ha Noi some years ago. ………
2 John stopped smoking ………
3 Miss Chi taught us English when we were students ………
4 Ronaldo was a football player 10 years ago ………
5 My father often took me to the city when I was a child ………
6 He was a secretary for my company ………
7 Linda is no longer late in class. Linda used………
8 Her brother no longer smokes cigarettes Her brother used ………
9 He often fed the pigs when he was young He used ………
10 This city had old buildings, but none can be found nowadays There used ………
EXERCISE: Use the correct form of the verbs:
1 He used to (eat) dinner at 5 o’clock
2 When I was young, I used to (swim) _
3 He used to (like) her , but he doesn’t any more.
4 Don’t worry Some day you will get used to (speak) English.
5 She can’t get used to (study)
6 He used to (dance) every night, but now he studies.
7 She is used to (sleep) _ late on weekends.
8 Mary is used to (eat) Chinese food now.
9 She finally got used to (eat) _ our food.
10 John is used to (swim) every day.
11 George is used to (eat) at 7:oo pm
12 We (got used to (cook) _ our own food when we had to live alone.
13 Mary was used to (drive) _ to school
14 I have tried but I can’t get used to (live) with such a man.
15 I found it hard to get used to (work) with him at first.
16 These foods are used to (feed) the animals.
17 The man is used to (read) his newspaper in the morning.
18 The government used to (restrict ) these pills.
19 John was used to ………… (eat) at noon when he started school
20 We used to ……… (eat ) breakfast at six o’clock.
21 When Mary was young She used to ………… (swim) every day.
22 Ben used to ……… …(like) Helen, but he doesn’t any more.
23 Don’t worry Some day you will be used to ……… (speak) Span.
24 Mai can’t be used to ………(work)
25 Peter used to ………… …(dance) every night ,but now he studies.
26 Hoa is used to ……… …(sleep) late on weekends.
TEST YOURSELF 1
<I> Pronunciation.
Find the word that has the underlined letter(s) pronounced different from the others
1/ a invite b pick c ticket d kitchen
2/ a lock b shock c block d program
3/ a bad b sad c day d catch
4/ a greet b teeth c deer d knee
5/ a sign b high c sit d mind
<II> Find the one choice that best completes the sentences
Trang 6<A> Vocabulary
6/ I love this city ! The sights of it make a deep _ on me
a impress b impressed c impressing d impression
7/ Miss Hoa is very She goes to church every morning
a religious b religiously c religion d religioner
8/ My pen-pal and I have corresponded for over 2 years and we really enjoy our
a friend b friendly c friendship d friendily
9/ The religion of Malaysia is Islam
a office b official c officer d offician
10/ Like VietNam, Malaysia is a _country
a tropical b tropie c tropies d tropically
11/ The Malaysia unit of currency is the
12/ We often have a summer
a holiday b vacation c semester d a and b are correct13/ You can take part in sports activities or not that depends on you It’s _
a optional b forceful c compulsory d required
14/ Mai is a Buddhist She often goes to to pray
<B> Grammar & structures.
15/ It’s very kind _you to help us Thanks a lot
16/ The hospital building is divided _four sections
a in b into c to d about
17/ Did he live in the country when he was young?
a use to b used to c get used to d be used to
18/ Tam wishes his father here now
19/ What is pity! Lan can’t come with us We all wish she _
20/ I wish I _get good marks for the coming exam
21/ When I was a child, my family go to Dalat for summer vacation
a are used to b get used to c use to d.used to
22/ He is a small boy He has to depend his parents
23/ Maryam was really impressed the beauty of the city
24/ We were having dinner when the telephone
a ring b ringing c rang d was ringing 25/ I wish I were a little taller I too short
26/ Tom wishes he could help his sister with her homework, but he
27/ What do you do? I
a have a party b am a worker c play tennis d will go out
28/ She arrived four o’clock the afternoon
a at / on b in / in c at / in d on / in
29/ He was a tennis player when he was young He _tennis when he was young
a plays b used to play c has player d likes to play 30/ My sister is studying hard her exam
Trang 7a in b for c at d to
31/ I used to go to school in the afternoon, but now I _any more
32/ It rained heavily while I _ last night
a sleep b slept c sleeping d was sleeping
33/We wish he could go to the cinema with us But he What a pity!
34/ I _school at the age of six in the countryside
a start b had started c started d starting
35/ I have studied English _ more than three years
36/ Hurry up! We don’t have enough time If only we more time we could take some more photographs
a had b have c had had d would have
37/ _ does it take to get to Liverpool from here?
38/ I have a pet dog and my friend too
39/ Every afternoon she for a walk in the garden
a will go b.is going c goes d have gone
40/ Each of the football players over 150 pounds
a weigh b weighs c are weighing d weights
<III> Identifying mistakes.
Choose the underlined words or phrases that are not correct in standard written English.
41/ She wishes he will stop making noise when she is working
a b c d42/ Tom uses to wear glasses, but he doesn’t now
<IV> Reading comprehension.
Read the passage carefully Then decide whether each of the statements below is TRUE (T), or FALSE (F).
Indonesia is an island nation in Southeast Asia Its official name is the Republic of Indonesia It is a member country of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) The country's total area is 1,904,443 sq km Like Vietnam and other countries in Southeast Asia, Indonesia enjoys tropical climate The rupiah is the official monetary unit of Indonesia, consisting of 100 sen.
The capital of Indonesia is Jakarta and it is also the largest city in the country Other big cities are Bandung, Surabaya, Medan, Palembang The population in 2004 was about 238,500,000 Indonesia is the world's fourth
Trang 8most populous country after China, India, and the United States Islam, which is over eighty per cent of the population practice, is the country's official religion In addition, there are other religions such as Protestantism,
Catholicism, Buddhism, Hinduism
The national language is Bahasa Indonesia, which is a modified form of Malay Besides, about 300 other languages and dialects are spoken English is increasingly used as the language of business 1 Indonesia is located in Southeast Asia _ 2 All the countries in Southeast Asia enjoy tropical climate _ 3 Islam is the only official religion in Indonesia _ 4 There are more people in Indonesia than in the USA _ 5 Indonesia is one of the countries of ASEAN _ 6 The Indonesian unit of currency is sen _ 7 Islam is the most common religion in Indonesia _ 8 Bahasa Indonesia is the only language spoken in Indonesia _ Use the following cues to write a letter to your friend: I / arrive / Thap Cham train station / 2 pm late last Saturday My uncle Hung / meet me there He/ take/ me home / taxi I/ visit/ the Cham Tower/ the beaches I / go/ to Vinh Hy Beach, too It / be/ beautiful Yesterday my uncle / I / go / Phan Rang supermarket I / buy / lot / souvenirs there I / eat/ lots/ food I / enjoy/ it very much.I like grapes/ best I/ leave/ Phan Rang next Saturday I/ happy People in Phan Rang/ be/ very nice/ friendly The food / / be/ delicious and the air / be/ pure The train /arrive home / 7 pm Please pick me up at Hanoi train station Start your letter like this: Dear Nga, ……… ………… ………… ….……… ………… ………… ….
……… ………… ………… ….
……… ………… ………… ….
……… ………… ………… ….
……… ………… ………… ….
……… ………… ………… ….
……… ………… ………… ….
……… ………… ………… ….
……… ………… ………… ….
………
I’m looking forward to seeing you soon.
See you then.
Love,
Hoa
TEST YOURSELF 2
Choose A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences.
1 Malaysia is divided two regions.
2 Her religion is Islam, so she often goes to the to pray.
3 Mary was really by the beauty of Hanoi.
4 The United States has a of around 250 million.
5 Mathematics and Literature are subjects in high schools.
Trang 96 It’s very kind you to say so!
7 Can you tell me how many chapters this book consists ?
8 Vietnamese people are very and hospitable.
9 They were welcomed by friendly in Vietnam.
10 I wish Susan harder for her examination.
11 What were you doing when he ?
12 It seems difficult for us abroad at the moment.
13 There used a movie theater here, but it closed a long time ago.
14 I come from Vietnam so I am not used to on the left.
15 Although we are far away from each other, we still
16 Music and painting are subjects.
17 The children are playing in the schoolyard.
18 I wish they here tomorrow.
Fill in each gap with a suitable preposition.
19 Maryam was really impressed the beauty of Hue.
20 It seems difficult me to meet her now.
21 He doesn’t depend his parents.
22 If you have any trouble, ask help.
23 This guidebook is full useful information.
24 We still keep in touch each other although we live away each other.
25 He will go to China the end this week.
26 She went out saying a word.
27 What do you often do the weekends?
28 She was born 15th September..
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form
29 They used to swimming in the afternoon (go)
31 Is Lan used to to Maryam? (write)
32 They their work yet (not finish)
33 I wish they here tomorrow (be)
34 I would rather you the test well (do)
37 I wish they here next time (be)
Make sentences with “ wish” based on the given situation:
39 What a pity! You aren’t here with us now. _
40 The naughty boys always draw on the wall _
41 I’d like my father to give up smoking _
42 He doesn’t help his mother with housework
Trang 1043 I can’t swim _
44 My friends often go on camping trip without me _
45 I must go now _
46 He always goes to school late _
47 My brother is too short to play basketball _
48 I don’t have enough money to help you _
Rewrite each sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same:
49 John smoked a lot a year ago, but now he doesn’t smoke any more.
John used _
50 How long is it since you saw Tom? When
51 He can’t pass the examination He wishes
52 We can’t go out because of heavy rain. We wish
53 I don’t like you to come to class late. I’d rather you
54 What a pity! He can’t come here I wish
55 They often went to Vung Tau at weekends.They used
56 I’m sorry, I can’t help you. I wish
Read the information, then answer the questions:
THAILAND 1.Location:Southeast Asia
2.Area:513,115 sq.km 3.Population:over 62 million 4climate:tropical
5.Unit of currency: baht 6.Capital city: Bangkok 7.Oofficial religion: Buddhism 8.National language: Thai
1.Is the climate in Thailand different from the one in Vietnam? -> ………
2.What is the official religion in Thailand? -> ………
3.Name the capital of Thailand? -> ………
4.What is the population of Thailand? ->………
From the cues given, write a letter to your family. 1 I / arrive / Nha Trang bus station / 7 p.m on Sunday afternoon 2 Uncle Hung / meet / bus station 3 He / take / home / motorbike 4 After dinner / Quynh / I / walk / around / drink coffee / café / the city center 5 I / been / several places / Nha Trang / such as / Oceanic Institute / Giant Buddha / Nha Trang beaches 6 I / tried / lot / seafood / specialities 7 We / go / Vinperland / tomorrow 8 I / enjoy / everything here 9 I / leave / Nha Trang / Tuesday 10 Please / pick / me / train station / 6 p.m Dear Mom and Dad,
Bye, Mom and Dad I miss you.
Trang 11áo dài thắt ngang lưngchẻ, cắt
phía, cánhlỏng, không chặtquần
thường xuyên
cả … và …đàn ôngthiết kếchất liệungày nayđặc biệtdịptuy nhiên
in, in dấu, in hoanhững dòng thơ
vì thế, vì vậytính thời trangnguồn cảm hứngdân tộc thiểu sốbiểu tượnghình chữ thậpsọc, viềnthêm vàomẫu hình, hoa văntiếp tục
độc nhất, duy nhấtchủ đề
mô tả, miêu tảphần lớn, đa sốhiện đại hóamột … khác
ưa thíchloạithoải máimàu sắcđồng phục
báo cáo, tường trìnhchính
lối vàomái tóc đen ngắn
nhãn hiệuviệc bán
Trang 12rẻ hơncuối cùng
sự tổ chức
sự giới thiệucho phép, đểquan điểm
ý kiếnchuỗihợp lý, có lôgicđoạn, đoạn văn
có thểkết luậntổng kết, kết luận, tóm tắt
tự hào vềmangcông bằng, bình đẳngnghèo
thiết thực, thực tếnghĩ về
cần thiếtủng hộthường phục
sự tự do
sự lựa chọn
tự tinsinh động, sống động
6 Language focus
- lovely (adj):
- how long
- for + 1 khoảng time
- recently (adv) = lately:
từ khi …chuyển, di chuyểnphong cảnh, cảnhchùa
Dinh Thống Nhấtthức ăn chayThảo Cầm ViênCông viên giải trí
đã, rồichưatruyện tranh
sầu riêngchaisâm banhcửa hàng bách hóa tổng hợpmột cách cẩn thận
giải quyếtvấn đềthí nghiệmđộng vật
có thểhành tinhcải thiệncây cầu
PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG)
Quy tắc:
Active: S + V + O
Pasive: S + be + P P ( V3/Ved ) + by O
EX: Lan buys this book in a bookstore.
→ This book is bought in a bookstore by Lan
1 Lấy tân ngữ ở câu chủ động ra làm chủ ngữ ở câu bị động
Trang 132 Thêm động từ “to be”, nhưng phải cùng thì với câu chủ động.
3 Đưa động từ (V) ở câu chủ động xuống, nhưng phải ở dạng P.P
4 Đưa S ở câu chủ động xuống làm O cho câu bị động, trước nó có “by”
Lưu ý:
- Trạng từ chỉ thời gian sẽ được đặt ở cuối câu Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đặt trước “by”
- Nếu sau “by” là đại từ nhân xưng ( them, you, me, …) hoặc people, someone, everyone, … ta có thể bỏ đi
Hiện tại Đơn S + V/Vs, es + O S + is/ am are + P P
Quá khứ Đơn S + Ved/V2 + O S + was/ were + P P
Hiện tại Tiếp diễn S + is/am/are + Ving + O S + is/ am/ are + being + P P Quá khứ Tiếp diễn S + was/were + Ving + O S + was/ were + being + P P Hiện tại Hoàn thành S + has/have + P.P + O S + has/ have + been + P P Quá khứ Hoàn thành S + had + P.P + O S + had + been + P P
Tương lai Đơn S + will/ shall + V + O S + will/ shall + be + P P
Modal Verbs (*) S + Modal Verb + V + O S + Modal Verb + be + P P
(*) can, could, may, might, should, ought to, must, has to, have to, had to, … (used to, be going to, …) + V
Simple
present
S+V/Vs/Ves+O S+Don’t/Doesn’t+V+O Do/Does+S+V+O?
S+is/am/are+ going to + be + Ved/V3+by O S+is/am/are+ not + going to + be + Ved/V3+by O
Is/Am/Are+ S + going to + be + Ved/V3+by O ?
S+ is/am/are+ not + going to + be + Ved/V3
Present
continuous
S+is/am/are+Ving+O S+Isn’t/am not/aren’t+Ving+O Is/am/are+S+Ving+O?
Trang 14Past
continuous
S+Was/were+Ving+O S+Wasn’t/weren’t+Ving+O Was/were+S+Ving+O?
Noone + has+ Ved/V3+O
this / that + N This / That + N People (by people)
these / those + Nses These / Those
EXERCISE: Put a tick () in front of the passive sentence or active sentence:
1 English is spoken in over the world active passive
3 Have you been shown how to do this yet? active passive
6 Tom wrote a letter last night active passive
Các BY +
O trong ngoặc đơn có thể loại bỏ trong câu bị động
Trang 158 A bridge is being built active passive
10 He has been interviewed by the police active passive
11 They invited me to the party yesterday active passive
12 The car has just been stolen active passive
EXERCISE: Put a tick () in front of the passive sentence
1 These young people always wear jeans
_ a Jeans are always worn by these young people _ b Jeans were always worn by these young people
2 We ask visitors not to smoke in this area
_ a Visitors asked not to smoke in this area _ b Visitors are asked not to smoke in this area
3 A falling tree injured several people
_ a Several people were injured by a falling tree _ b Several people are injured by a falling tree
4 They are fixing a machine
_ a A machine are being fixed _ b A machine is fixed
5 The man was delivering the mail
_ a The mail was being delivered by the man _ b The mail is being delivered by the man
6 They speak French in Quebec
_ a French was spoken in Quebec _ b French is spoken in Quebec
7 We will appreciate your assistance
_ a Your assistance will appreciate us _ b Your assistance will be appreciated
8 They have hired Peter to do this job
_ a Peter has been hired to do this job _ b Peter has hired this job
9 They may cancel the flight
_ a The flight may cancel _ b The flight may be canceled
10 They didn’t finish their work
_ a Their work wasn’t finished _ b Their work isn’t finished
EXERCISE: Complete the sentence with a simple modal passive:
1 All fees ……… (must pay)
2 This prescription ……… (can / not / refill)
3 Our plan ……… due to lack of fund (might / cancel)
4 Complaints ……… directly to our manager (should / send)
5 Any questions from you ……… as soon as possible (will / answer)
6 That area ……… by plane (could / not / reach)
7 The building ……… (would / renovate)
8 This book ……… on the spot (ought to / read)
EXERCISES:Changes the sentences into passive voice:
1 Mary types letters in the office ………
2 His father will help you tomorrow ………
3 Peter broke this bottle ………
4 They are learning English in the room ………
5 My students will bring the children home ………
6 She gave us more information ………
7 They have to repair the engine of the car ………
8 People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday ………
9 Mary is cutting a cake with a sharp knife ………
10 Teacher is going to tell a story ………
11 People speak English in almost every corner of the world ………
EXERCISES: Change these yes-no questions into passive voice: 12 Nothing can change my mind ………
13 No one had told me about it ………
Trang 1614 I don’t know her telephone number ………
15 They can’t make tea with cold water ………
16 You mustn’t use this machine after 5:30 p.m ………
EXERCISES: Change these yes-no questions into passive voice: 17 Do they teach English here? ………
18 Will you invite her to your wedding party? ………
19 Has Tom finished the work? ………
20 Did the teacher give some exercises? ………
21 Is she going to write a poem? ………
22 Are the police making inquires about the thief? ………
23 Will buses bring the children home? ………
24 Have you finished your homework? ………
25 Must we finish the test before ten? ………
EXERCISES: Change these yes-no questions into passive voice: 26 Why didn’t they help him? ………
27 How can they open this safe? ………
28 How did the police find the lost man? ………
29 How long have they waited for the doctor? ………
30 How many marks does the teacher give you? ………
31 Who lend you this book? ………
EXERCISES: Change into passive: 1 They will hold the meeting before May Day → The meeting ………
2 Somebody has taken some of my books away → Some of my book………
3 They have to repair the engine of the car → The engine of the car ………
4 They may use this room for the classroom → This room ………
5 The teacher is going to tell a story → A story ………
6 John used to visit his parents at weekends → His parents………
7 They use milk for making butter and cheese → Milk ………
8 They have provided the victims with food and clothing → The victims ………
9 People speak English in most every corner of the world → English ………
10 The students are writing the lessons now → The lesson ……….………
11 Her teacher taught her how to apply this theory → She ………
12 Someone will tell him that news → He ………
PRESENT PERFECT
(THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH)
- Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vẫn còn kéo dài đến hiện tại và tương lai
- for + 1 khoảng thời gian
- since + 1 điểm thời gian
Trang 17S + V2 / ed
- so far , up to now / up to present
- this morning, this year …
- Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra hoặc chưa xảy ra
Ex: I have just cleaned the floor Nam hasn’t met his new teacher yet
- just , already, yet, never… before
- lately, recently…
- ever
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra nhiều lần
Ex: I have seen this film many times - many times, several times
- This is the first time
- Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra nhưng không xác định rõ thời gian
Ex: The teacher has come
- Diễn tả một sự từng trải, một kinh nghiệm
Ex: He is the best man in the world I have
ever met
- S + be + the first + N
CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH SANG QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN ( VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI )
1 This is the first time I have seen him (đây là lần đầu tơi thấy anh ta )
=>I have never seen him before ( tơi chưa bao giờ thấy anh ta trước đây )
Mẫu này cĩ dạng :
Đây là lần đầu tiên làm chuyện đĩ => chưa bao giờ làm chuyện đĩ trước đây.
The first time + S + have/has + V3 / ed + … S + have / has + never + V3 / ed before
2 I started / began studying English 3 years ago (tơi bắt đầu học TA cách đây 3 năm )
=> I have studied English for 3 years ( tơi học TA được 3 năm )
Mẫu này cĩ dạng :
bắt đầu làm gì đĩ cách đây + khoảng thời gian => đã làm chuyện đĩ for + khoảng thời gian
Nếu khơng cĩ ago mà cĩ when + mệnh đề thì giữ nguyên mệnh đề chỉ đổi when thành since
to - V
S + started / began + Ving + thời gian trong quá khứ S + have / has + V3 / ed + for / since + thời gian
3 I last saw him when I was a student.( lần cuồi cùng tơi thấy anh ta là khi tơi là SV )
=> I haven't seen him since I was a student.( tơi đã khơng thấy anh ta từ khi tơi là SV )
Mẫu này cĩ dạng :
Lần cuối cùng làm chuyện đĩ là khi => khơng làm chuyện đĩ từ khi
Last : lần cuối Since : từ khi
S1 + last + V2 / ed + when + S2 + V2 / ed …… S1 + have / has + V3 / ed + since + S2 + V2 / ed ……
4 The last time she went out with him was two years ago.(lần cuối cơ ta đi chơi với anh ta cách đây 2 năm )
=> She hasn't gone out with him for two years.( cơ ta đã khơng đi chơi với anh ta đã 2 năm nay )
The last time + S + V 2 / ed + …… + was + thời gian trong quá khứ
S + haven’t/ hasn’t + V 3 / ed + ……… + for / since + thời gian
5 It's ten years since I last met him.(đã 10 năm từ khi tơi gặp anh ta lần cuối )
=> I haven't met him for ten years ( tơi đã khơng gặp anh ta 10 năm rồi )
Trang 18Mẫu này cĩ dạng :
Đã khoảng thời gian từ khi làm gì đĩ lần cuối => khơng làm việc đĩ được + khoảng thời gian
It's + thời gian + since + S + last + V 2 / ed + ……
S + haven't / hasn’t + V 3 / ed + …+ for / since + thời gian 6 When did you buy it ? ( bạn đã mua nĩ khi nào ? => How long have you bought ? ( bạn đã mua nĩ được bao lâu ? ) Mẫu này cĩ dạng :when : thì dùng quá khứ đơn How long : thì dùng hiện tại hồn thành When + did + S + V0 / Vs / es … ? / How long ago + did + S + V0? => How long + have / has + S + V3 / ed ? EXERCISE: Complete the sentences with “for” or “since”: 1 We haven’t heard from them ……… ages 2 They waited for you ……… two days 3 They haven’t met him………he left the room 4 We have bought the new car ……… 1999
5 Haven’t you seen him ………Christmas? 6 It was not rained ………May 7 I haven’t written to him ……… five months 8 She has spoken to them ……… this morning 9 We have listened to music ………8a.m 10 The house been built ……… last year EXERCISE: Are the underlined verbs right () or wrong ()? Then correct them if they are wrong 1 _ She has been a teacher since 1980 ………
2 _ I don’t go for a walk for days ………
3 _ This is the best film that I ever saw so far ………
4 _ Mr Jackson has earned a lot of money since he had his own company ………
5 _ Bob is a friend of mine I know him for a long time ………
6 _ Jane and Peter learn French since July ………
EXERCISE: Use simple past or present perfect to complete the following sentences: 1 Her English ( improve ) ……… recently 2 How many pages ………… you (read) ……… so far? 3 We (finish) ……… our homework two hour ago 4 ………you (be) ……… to Rome? 5 I (see) ……… him several times on TV 6 What ……… you (do) ……… last night? 7 This is the first time I (visit) ……… the city 8 They (buy)……… the garden some days ago 9 I (learn) ……… English since I (be) ……… 11 years old 10 Be careful! I (just clean) ……… the floor 11 The meal (already be) ……… ready 12 I (never read) ……… an interesting story like this before EXERCISE: Rewrite the following sentences with the words given: 1.Minh last wrote to his pen pal five months ago Minh hasn’t ………
2.The last time we visited Kuala Lumpur was 3 years ago I haven’t ………
3 When did you study English?
Trang 197 How long ago did you learn music?
How long have ………
8 He started living in Ho Chi Minh city when he was 8
>My father has 14.They have worked in that factory since 2001.
18 How long have you learnt French ?
>How long ago ?
19 How long have you bought this car ?
2/ a champagne b check c cheese d choose3/ a boxes b wasches c watches d goes
<II> Find the one choice that best completes the sentences.
<A> Vocabulary
6/ Lan likes fashion She always wears clothes
7/ The Ao dai is the dress of Vietnamese women
Trang 20a workable b fashionable c traditional d casual
8/ For a long time the Ao dai has been the of songs poems and novels
9/ Some designers have modernized the Ao dai by printing on it
a lines of poetry b words of poets c pictures of poems d poetry photos
10/ Vietnamese women today often prefer to wear modern clothing at work because it is more
11/In the 1960s a lot of university and college wore jeans
12/ Designers made different jeans to match the 1960s fashions
13/ I saw Mary at the party last night She a beautiful pink dress
a worn b was wearing c had worn d was worn
14/ It seems very difficult to have a trip abroad
15/ Wearing helps students feel equal in many ways
16/ My brothers are very wearing jeans
<B> Grammar & structures
17/ Asian people eat rice Rice _in many parts in Asia
a is grown b are grown c has grown d have grown
18/ Nowadays a lot of dangerous work _by robots
a has been done b have been done c is done d was done
19/ Who wrote the story “ Romeo and Juliet ”? - It by Shakespeare, an English writer
a is written b was written c have been written d wrote
20/ The package containing books and records _ last week
a is delivered b are delivered c was delivered d were delivered
21/ I the letter from him yet
a.don’t receive b didn’t receive c haven’t received d won’t receive
22/ My father _for the national bank from 1990 to 2003
a works b working c has worked d worked
23/ I never go to any foreign country I abroad yet
a don’t go b didn’t go c have gone d haven’t gone
24/ When ? In 1876
a the telephone was invented b was the telephone invented
c did the telephone invented d did the telephone invent
25/ _ uncle Ho’s Mausoleum?
a have you ever been b are you ever visited c have you ever visited d did you ever visited26/ The music at the party was very loud and could _ from far away
a been heard b heard c be heard d have heard
27/ When I _ in New York last year I _ lost of interesting places
a am / visited b was / visiting c am / visiting d was / visited
28/ Most people now automatic washing machines for cleaning their clothes
29/ Levi Strauss _ jeans for workmen
30/ These shoes are made _ good leather They are very strong
31/ They have changed the date of the meeting The date of the meeting _
a was changed b is changed c has been changed d.changes
Trang 2132/ We couldn’t start our journey All flights _because of fog.
a are delayed b delayed c has been delayed d were delayed
33/ The material, called jean, was named _ sailors from Genoa
34/ People like wearing jeans because the material doesn’t wear _easily
35/ I will return your notes as soon as I _copying them
36/ English all over the work
37/ Jill came to the meeting but Charles
38/ Our flat is very small We wish we more rooms
39/ Tony now rides his bike to school instead of _ by bus
40/ Jeans have never been _ fashion because a lot of people are still fond of wearing them
Jeans have never been (59) fashion, because a lot of people are still fond (60) wearing them
Trang 2254/ a special b specially c speciallty d specialty
56/ a fashion b fashionable c fashionably d fashioners
TEST YOURSELF 2
A Vocabulary: Choose A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences:
1 clothes do you prefer, T.shirt or pullover?
A What B How C Which D Where
2 My uncle was a ……… He had a large collection of musical instruments
A music B musical C musically D musician
3 Vietnamese women prefer to wear modern clothing ……… Work
4 Peter got …… quickly and went to school
A dress B dressed C dressing D dresses
5 It’s ……… to call anyone at night
A convenience B inconvenience C convenient D inconvenient
6 The Ao Dai is the ……… dress of Vietnamese women
A beautiful B traditional C casual D baggy
7 ……… have fashion designers done to modernize the Ao dai?
8 The word Jeans comes ……… A kind of material that was made in Europe
9 The national dress of Japanese women is …………
A Kimono B Ao dai C Sari D Jeans
10 Nguyen Du is considered a famous Vietnamese …………
A poetry B poem C poet D poetic
B Grammar and structure.
It’s economical for young generation to wear jeans Jeans:
Not wear out easily/ strong/ use jeans for long time
• Popular / a lot of styles and sizes to choose/ wear jeans with T- shirts, shirts, blouses.
• Cheap/ never be out of fashion/ rich or poor people wear them.
Trang 23I Choose A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences:
1 Mary ……… write to me last year A uses to B used to C is used to D was used to
2 She describes herself ……… a fashion designer A by B as C in D from
3 He ……… with friends in an apartment in HCMC since last week
A living B has lived C lived D live
4 I wish you ……… here tomorrow
A come B came C will come D would come
5 I ……… English here since I graduated from university
A teach B taught C have taught D am teaching
6 Wearing uniform helps students ……… equal in many ways
A fall B feel C fell D felt
7 It’s dangerous ……… in this river A swim B to swim C swimming D swam
8 Millions of Christmas cards ………… last month A were sent B sent C send D are sent
9 Marie Curie ……… the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903
A award B awarded C was awarded D has awarded
10 He hates being ………… at A look B looking C to look D looked
II Supply the correct verb form: Simple past or Present perfect.
1 I (see) ………her before
2 I (see) ………her last year
3 Tom never (be) ………in Hanoi
4 I (read)……… the novel written by Jack London several times before
5 What ………you (do)……… yesterday?
6 ………….You (watch) ………TV last night?
7 She (be) ………born in 1980
8 He (write)……… a book since last year
9 Mr Green (teach) ………English in this school since he (graduate)……… from the university in 1986
10 How long ………you (learn)……… English?
11 I (invite) ………to her party last night
12 My car (repair)……… yesterday
C Read: Choose A, B, C or D to complete the following passage:
Clothes can tell a lot (1) ……… a person Some people like very colorful clothes because they want everyone (2)……… at them and they want to be the center of things (3)………… people like to wear nice clothes, but their clothes are not (4)………
Or fancy They do not like people (5)…… Clothes today are very different (6)……… the clothes of the 1800s One difference is the way they look Foe example, in the 1800s, all women (7)…… dress The dresses all had long skirts Sometimes they wear short skirts Sometimes they wear pants Another difference between 1800 and today is the (8) ………
In the 1800s, clothes (9) …… natural kinds of cloth They were made from cotton, wool, silk, or linen But today, there are (10) …… kinds of man made cloth A lot of clothes are made from nylon, rayon or polyester
2 A look B to look C looked D looking
3 A each other B another C others D other
4 A color B colorfully C colorful D colored
5 A to look at them B to looking at them C looking at them D looked at them
9 A were made only by B were made only in
C were made only of D were made only from
D Write: Rewrite the following sentences so that the second sentence means nearly exactly the same as the first
one.
1 We have learnt English for 4 years -> We started………
Trang 242 My father started to give up smoking last year -> My father has………
3 They have worked in that factory since 2001 -> They started………
4 Lan hasn’t written to Maryam for a month -> Lan didn’t………
5 Ha has lived in Hanoi since he was 12 -> He started………
6 I haven’t seen her for a long time -> I didn’t………
7 He finished his exercises on time -> His exercise ………
8 People plant rice in those fields -> Rice………
9 They use cars and trucks to carry food to market -> Cars and trucks ………
10 This boy broke my window yesterday -> My window ………
11 They have known him well -> He ………
12 We will meet him at the station -> He………
Use the following cues to write a passage about causal clothes:
In my opinion, It / convenient /secondary school / wear causal clothes / they go / school.
Firstly, causal clothes/ make/ students/ feel comfortable.
Secondly, wearing causal clothes/ give students /freedom / choice They have right / choose sizes, color / fashion they love
Thirdly, causal clothes/ make students/ feel self-confident They become / friendly / sociable / get contact / others / when they / in / favorite clothes.
Finally, causal clothes/ make schoolchildren / more colorful / lively.
In conclusion, secondary school students /wear causal clot hes Wearing causal clothes / convenient, comfortable /fun.
2 to harvest V Gặt hái, thu hoạch (mùa màng)
5 to lie – lay – lain V Nằm, ở vị trí
Trang 256 rest N Sự nghỉ ngơi
11 shrine N Đền thờ, miếu thờ, điện thờ
15 highway → highway No 1 N Xa lộ, quốc lộ
-> exchange student N Học sinh/sinh viên trong chương trình trao đổi du
học sinh
18 part-time :
shorter or less than stadard time
Adj (làm việc) bán thời gian-> # full time Adj Toàn thời gian
19 grocery store:
where people buy food and small things
N Cửa hàng tạp hóa-> groceries N Hàng tạp phẩm , tạp hóa
24 to lay – laid – laid V Đặt, để, trải
-> to lay out V Bày, phơi bày, trình bày
25 itinerary N Nhật ký đi đường, hành trình
Điều ước không có thật ở tương lai
S + wish + S + Would/ Could + V
Trang 26EX:
My friends can’t come to visit us I wish my friends could come to visit us.
He won’t go for a picnic tomorrow. He wishes he would go for a picnic tomorrow.
Mơ ước tương lai
EXERCISE: Use the correct form of verb in parentheses
1 They wish it ( not rain)……… tomorrow
2 If only we (not have ) ….……… a test next Tuesday.
3 I wish tomorrow (be)………a beautiful day.
4 I wish it (be) ……… fine on the party next week.
5 I wish our team ( play ) ………better next time.
6 They wish it ( not rain)……… tomorrow
7 If only we (not have ) ….……… a test next Tuesday
8 I wish it (be) ……… fine on the party next week
9 I wish tomorrow (be)………a beautiful day
EXERCISE: Choose a correct verb in the bracket
1 I wish I (can speak/ could speak/ will speak) many languages
2 I wish tomorrow ( were/ will be/ would be) Sunday.
3 She wishes she (will/ would/ can) come here to visit us.
4 Min wishes he (will / would / can) go abroad someday
5 I wish I (would be / were) a lion tamer in the future
6 I wish I (can play / could play) piano
7 I wish our team ( will play / would play ) better next time
8 The little boy wishes he (became / would become) an acrobat when he grows up
EXERCISE: Rewrite sentences, using “I wish ”
1 My friend can not stay with me longer I wish
2 I can not go to the car show at the city show ground
I wish
3 It won’t be fine tomorrow I wish
4 My brother can not speak French I wish
5 It will be very cold tomorrow I wish
6 I can not go out at night. I wish
EXERCISE: Rewrite sentences, using “I wish ”
1 I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently I wish
2 I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness soon I wish
3 They won’t come here again I wish ……….…
4 I will be late for school I wish ……….………
5 I can’t sing this song I wish ……….…………
6. I’m sorry I can’t help you. I wish ……….…………
7. I can’t hear that strange noise. I wish……….…………
8. Hoa and Ba won’t go fishing this weekend. They wish ……….…………
9. What a pity I can’t finish my homework. I wish……….…………
10.I can’t give up smoking. I wish……….…………
EXERCISE : Complete the following sentences:
1 I cannot swim I wish/ can/ swim
S + will/ shall/ can/ may + Vo … S + wish + S + would/ could/ should/ might + not + Vo
S + will/ shall/ can/ may + not + Vo … S + wish + S + would/ could/ should/ might + Vo
Trang 27Ngoc doesn’t like cats She/ wish/ never/ see/ cats ………
6 They cannot afford to buy their own house They/ wish/ they/ have/ enough money/ buy/ house
Sự khác nhau giữa các giới từ chỉ thời gian at,on,in.
In : Vào: Chỉ buổi / ngày / tháng / tuần / năm/ thế kỉ /
mùa /
On Vào: Chỉ buổi của ngày nào / ngày / thou / ngày
lễ nào
At-Vào lúc: Thời điểm nào / mấy giờ
Giữa hai thời điểm: from … to … / between … and
till Đến mộït thời điểm
after Sau thời điểm
up to Đến mộït thời điểm
1 AT:
- at five o’clock / noon / night / midnight / weekend
- at Christmas / Easter / Tet
- at the moment / at present
- at lunch time / dinner time
- at the beginning of the week / at the end of the week / at the age of 12
2 On:
- on Tuesday/ October 27 th / Sunday morning
- on that day / the weekend
3 In:
- in January 2010 / 1990 / the 1990s
- in the 20 th century
- in the summer
- in the evening/ afternoon / morning
- in the past/ in the future
4 For / since:
- for + 1 khoảng thời gian
- since + 1 khoảng thời gian / S + V 2 / ed
5 From … to :
- From + thời gian bắt đầu + to + thời gian kết thúc
6 Till / Until + điểm thời gian: đến luc, đến khi.
7 Between + điểm thời gian + and + điểm thời gian: khoảng từ … đến …
Trang 281 Fill in prepositions of time “AT / IN / ON” as in the example:
………… 1964
……… Friday evening ……… April
………… spring
……… Monday ……… April 2nd
……… night
……… June 26th
2 Fill in the blanks with “AT / IN / ON” as in the example:
1 We always go on holiday … …… summer.
2 My mother usually goes shopping ……… Friday morning.
3 I always do my homework ……… the evening.
4 The circus usually comes to our town ……… spring.
5 Sophia’s birthday is ……… May 16th
6 I usually get up ……… seven o’clock.
7 My favorite television program begins ……… 6:30 ………… the evening.
8 Sometimes it snows ……… winter.
9 My friend’s birthday is ……… June.
10 Some birds and animals come out ……… night.
3 Fill in the blank with the given prepositions to complete the following sentences:
from , for , since , on , in , at
1 Class starts………… 9 o’clock.
2 My brother always has lunch ……….1 o’clock to 2 o’clock.
3 I’m going to meet him at the airport ………Wednesday.
4 The exam lasts ………….three hours.
5 We ‘re going shopping ………the weekend.
6 My birthday is ……… June.
7 We often go to the beach …………summer.
8 I have had a driving license………… 1997.
9 We are having a party……… March 12th
10 Computers were invented ……….the 20th century.
ADVERB CLAUSE OF RESULT
1 Adverb clauses with “so”: Là mệnh đề trạng ngữ bắt đầu với liên từ SO (vì vậy ) diễn tả một kết quả từ
một nguyên nhân
S1 + V1 +…, so + S2 + V2….
-He didn’t work hard for the examination, so he failed
( He failed because he didn’t work hard for the examination)
Because S1 + V1 +…, S2 + V2….
S2 + V2… Because S1 + V1 +…