Tài liệu học về Vyatta basicrouting 6 5r1 v01

Vyatta Suite200 1301ShorewayRoad Belmont,CA94002 vyatta.com 6504137200 1888VYATTA1(USandCanada) VYATTA,INC. |  VyattaSystem BasicRouting REFERENCEGUIDE ForwardingandRouting StaticRoutes COPYRIGHT Copyright©2005–2012Vyatta,Inc.Allrightsreserved. Vyattareservestherighttomakechangestosoftware,hardware,anddocumentationwithoutnotice.Forthemostrecentversionof documentation,visittheVyattawebsiteatvyatta.com. PROPRIETARYNOTICES VyattaisaregisteredtrademarkofVyatta,Inc. Hyper‐VisaregisteredtrademarkofMicrosoftCorporation. VMware,VMwareESX,andVMwareserveraretrademarksofVMware,Inc. XenServer,andXenCenteraretrademarksofCitrixSystems,Inc. Allothertrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners. RELEASEDATE:October2012 DOCUMENTREVISION.6.5R1 v01 RELEASEDWITH:6.5R1 PARTNO.A0‐0215‐10‐0016 iii BasicRouting 6.5R1v01 Vyatta Contents QuickListofCommands......................................................... v ListofExamples ............................................................... vii Preface. ....................................................................viii IntendedAudience ................. ................... ...........................................ix OrganizationofThisGuide ........... ...... .................................... ................. .. .ix DocumentConventions ........................... ............... ..................................x VyattaPublicati ons.............. .................................................................xi Chapter1ForwardingandRouting ............................................... 1 ForwardingandRoutingCommands ................................................................ .2 clearipprefix‐list............................. ................................................4 clearipv6 prefix‐list............... ................... .........................................5 ping<host> ................. ..... .................................................... ........6 resetiproutecache ...................................... ................................. ....8 resetipv6routecache.......... ................................. ..............................9 showipforwarding .................................. ........................................10 showiproute ..... ... ............... ................... .....................................11 showiproute<ipv4net>longer‐prefixes......................... ................................13 showiproutecache............... ................................. ..........................14 showiprouteconnected................. ..................... ................................16 showiprouteforward............... ............... ................... .................... ...17 showiproutekernel....................... ................. ................................. 19 showiproutestatic .............. ................................. ...........................20 showiproutesummary..................................... ............... ................... 21 showiproutesupernets‐only ............ ............... .......................................22 showiproutetable<table> .......................................... .........................23 showipv6route ....................... ................................. .....................24 showipv6route<ipv6net>longer‐prefixes......................................... ..............25 showipv6routebgp ................................ ............... ................... .......26 showipv6routecache...... ............... ................... ................. ...............27 showipv6routeconnected................................ ................................. ...28 showipv6routeforward........... ................................. ..........................29 showipv6routekernel............................. ........ ............... ................... 30 showipv6routeripng............ ............... ................... ..........................31 showipv6routestatic ..................... ................. ..................................32  iv BasicRouting 6.5R1v01 Vyatta showipv6routesummary.....................................................................33 showmonitoringprotocolsrib .......................... .................................... ...34 showtable ......... ................................. .................... ................... 35 traceroute<host> .......................... ............... ................... ...............36 Chapter2StaticRoutes ........................................................ 37 StaticRouteConfiguration................................................... .....................38 StaticRoutesOverview........ ............... ................................. ...............38 ConfiguringStatic Routes ........................................ .............................38 FloatingStaticRoutes ..... ...................... ................................ .. ...........40 ShowingStaticRoutesinthe RoutingTable ...................... ................... .............40 StaticIPv6RouteConfiguration ......... ................................. ..........................40 VerifyThatIPv6ForwardingisEnabled.................. ................................. .......41 AddtheDefaultIPv6Route...... ................................. .............................42 AddaStaticIPv6Route .................................. ................................ .. ...43 ConfirmConnectivity ............ ................................ .. ................. ..........43 StaticRouteCommands..... ................................ .....................................45 protocolsstaticinterface‐route<subnet>next‐hop‐interface<interface> .... .........................46 protocolsstaticinterface‐route6<subnet>next‐hop‐interface<ethx>........ ........ ................48 protocolsstaticroute<subnet>blackhole ............................. ..........................50 protocolsstaticroute<subnet>next‐hop<address>.................. .............................52 protocolsstaticroute6<subnet>blackhole . .. ............. ................................. .....54 protocolsstaticroute6<subnet>next‐hop<address>...... ................................. .......56 protocolsstatictable<table>interface‐route<subnet>next‐hop‐interface <interface> .................58 protocolsstatictable<table>interface‐route6<subnet>next‐hop‐interface<ethx> ....................60 protocolsstatictable<table>route<subnet> blackhole ............................................62 protocolsstatictable<table>route<subnet> next‐hop<address> ................... ................64 protocolsstatictable<table>route6<subnet> blackhole...........................................66 protocolsstatictable<table>route6<subnet>next‐ hop<address> ........ ..........................68 GlossaryofAcronyms.......................................................... 70 v BasicRouting 6.5R1v01 Vyatta QuickListofCommands Use this list to help you quickly locate commands. clearipprefix‐list ................................... ..............................................4 clearipv6prefix‐list .............. ................................. .................... ............5 ping<host> ................................. .................................................... 6 protocolsstaticinterface‐route<subnet>next‐hop‐interface<interface> .................................46 protocolsstaticinterface‐route6<subnet>next‐hop‐ interface<ethx> ......................... ...........48 protocolsstaticroute<subnet>blackhole ........ ...................................................50 protocolsstaticroute<subnet>next‐hop<address> ........................... ................ .......52 protocolsstaticroute6<subnet>blackhole..... ................................. ....................54 protocolsstaticroute6<subnet>next‐hop<address> ......... .............. ..........................56 protocolsstatictable<table>interface‐route<subnet>next‐hop‐interface<interface> ............. ........58 protocolsstatictable<table>interface‐route6<subnet>next‐hop‐interface<ethx>........................60 protocolsstatictable<table>route<subnet>  blackhole .......................... .....................62 protocolsstatic table<table>route<subnet>next‐hop<address> .......................................64 protocolsstatictable<table>route6 <subnet>blackhole ..............................................66 protocolsstatic table<table>route6<subnet>next‐hop<address>...................... ................68 resetiproutecache... .................................................... ........................8 resetipv6routecache...................... ................................. ......................9 showipforwarding........... ................... ............ ............... ................... ..10 showiproute<ipv4net>longer‐prefixes ..... ... ............... ................... ..................13 showiproutecache .. ................... ........................ ................................14 showiprouteconnected .......... .. .. ................................. ..........................16 showiprouteforward ............ ......................... ............... .......................17 showiproutekernel ......... ............... ................... ..................................19 showiproutestatic...... ........................ ................................. ...............20 showip routesummary ............................................................. .............21 showiproutesupernets‐only.................... ............... ................... ................22 showiproutetable<table>.......................................................................23 showiproute....................... ................................. ...........................11 showipv6route<ipv6net>longer‐prefixes .................................. ........................25 showipv6routebgp...................... ............... ................... .....................26 showipv6routecache ...................... ................... . ................................. 27 showipv6routeconnected ............. ..........................................................28  vi BasicRouting 6.5R1v01 Vyatta showipv6routeforward ............ ................... ..........................................29 showipv6routekernel ..................... ................................. .....................30 showipv6routeripng ........................................... ............... ..................31 showipv6routestatic.............. ............... ...............................................32 showipv6routesummary ................................... .....................................33 showipv6route ........... ................................. .....................................24 showmonitoringprotocolsrib ............. .............. ............... ................... ........34 showtable...... ............... ................... .............................................35 traceroute<host>........ ............ ................................. ..........................36 vii BasicRouting 6.5R1v01 Vyatta ListofExamples Use this list to help you locate examples you’d like to look at or try. Example1‐1DisplayingIPforwardingstatus ........................ ................... ..............10 Example1‐2DisplayingroutesintheRIBandFIB.............................. .......................11 Example1‐3Displayingroutinginformationaboutaspecificaddress................... .................12 Example1‐4Displayingrouteswithlongerprefixes........................... ........................13 Example1‐5Listingroutesinthekernelroutecache .... .............. ................................14 Example1‐6Displayinginformationaboutarouteinthekernelroutecache....... .......................15 Example1‐7Displayingconnectedroutes....................... ................................. ...16 Example1‐8DisplayingroutesintheFIB........ ................................. ...................17 Example1‐9DisplayinginformationaboutarouteintheFIB....................................... ....18 Example1‐10 Displayingkernelroutes............. ................... .......... ....................19 Example1‐11 Displayingstaticroutes.......................... ....................................20 Example1‐12 Displayingasummaryofroutes........ ............... ................................21 Example1‐13 Displayingsupernet routes...........................................................22 Example1‐14 Displayingroutesinalternateroutingtable5................................. ...........23 Example1‐15 “showipv6routesummary”:DisplayingasummaryofIPv6routes..........................33 Example1‐ 16 Displayingtheroutingtable............... ................... ................. .. ......35 Example2‐1Creatingastaticroute................................ .................................39 Example2‐2Showingstaticroutesintheroutingtable ........ ................................. ........40 Example2‐3DetermineifforwardingisenabledonR1 ........................................ .........41 Example2 ‐4EnableforwardingonR1..................... ..........................................41 Example2‐5AddthedefaultrouteonR4 ......... ................ ...................................42 Example2‐6AddastaticrouteonR2...... ............... ................... .................... ...43 Example2‐7ConfirmconnectivitybetweenR2andR4 .................................... .............43 Example2‐8ConfirmconnectivitybetweenR2andR4viaR1 .......................... .................44 viii BasicRouting 6.5R1v01 Vyatta Preface This document presents information about forwarding and routing on the Vyatta system. This preface provides information about using this guide. The following topics are presented: • Intended Audience • Organization of This Guide • Document Conventions • Vyatta Publications  IntendedAudience ix BasicRouting 6.5R1v01 Vyatta IntendedAudience This guide is intended for experienced system and network administrators. Depending on the functionality to be used, readers should have specific knowledge in the following areas: • Networking and data communications • TCP/IP protocols • General router configuration • Routing protocols • Network administration • Network security • IP services OrganizationofThisGuide This guide has the following aid to help you find the information you are looking for: • Quick List of Commands Use this list to help you quickly locate commands. • List of Examples Use this list to help you locate examples you’d like to try or look at. This guide has the following chapters: Chapter Description Page Chapter 1:ForwardingandRouting Thischapterdescribescommandsfor forwardingandbasicrouting. 1 Chapter 2:StaticRoutes Thischapterexplainshowtosetstaticroutes usingtheVyattasystem. 37 GlossaryofAcronyms 70  DocumentConventions x BasicRouting 6.5R1v01 Vyatta DocumentConventions This guide uses the following advisory paragraphs, as follows. NOTENotesprovideinformationyoumightneedtoavoidproblemsorconfigurationerrors. This document uses the following typographic conventions. WARNINGWarningsalertyoutosituationsthatmayposeathreattopersonalsafety. CAUTIONCautionsalertyoutosituationsthatmightcauseharmtoyoursystemordamageto equipment,orthatmayaffectservice. Monospace Examples, command-line output, and representations of configuration nodes. boldMonospace Your input: something you type at a command line. bold Commands, keywords, and file names, when mentioned inline. Objects in the user interface, such as tabs, buttons, screens, and panes. italics An argument or variable where you supply a value. <key> A key on your keyboard, such as <Enter>. Combinations of keys are joined by plus signs (“+”), as in <Ctrl>+c. [ key1 | key2] Enumerated options for completing a syntax. An example is [enable | disable]. num1–numN A inclusive range of numbers. An example is 1–65535, which means 1 through 65535, inclusive. arg1 argN A range of enumerated values. An example is eth0 eth3, which means eth0, eth1, eth2, or eth3. arg[ arg ] arg[,arg ] A value that can optionally represent a list of elements (a space-separated list and a comma-separated list, respectively). [...]...        I ‐ ISIS, B ‐ BGP, > ‐ selected route, * ‐ FIB route S>* 12.34. 56. 0/24 [1/0] via 192. 168 .1.254, eth0 vyatta@ vyatta:~$ Basic Routing 6. 5R1 v01 Vyatta Chapter 1: Forwarding and Routing  Forwarding and Routing Commands 24 show ipv6 route Displays IPv6 routes stored in the RIB and FIB Syntax show ipv6 route [ipv6 | ipv6net] Command Mode Operational mode Parameters ipv6 Optional Displays routing information for the specified IPv6 address ipv6net Optional... Displays routes stored in an alternate routing table show ipv6 route Displays IPv6 routes stored in the RIB and FIB show ipv6 route  longer‐prefixes Displays IPv6 prefixes longer than a specified prefix show ipv6 route bgp Displays IPv6 BGP routes show ipv6 route cache Displays the kernel IPv6 route cache show ipv6 route connected Displays IPv6 connected routes Basic Routing 6. 5R1 v01 Vyatta Chapter 1: Forwarding and Routing ... Example 1‐4   Displaying routes with longer prefixes vyatta@ vyatta:~$ show ip route 10.192.128.0/24 longer‐prefixes Codes: K ‐ kernel route, C ‐ connected, S ‐ static, R ‐ RIP, O ‐ OSPF,        I ‐ ISIS, B ‐ BGP, > ‐ selected route, * ‐ FIB route O>* 10.192.128.0/24 [110/11] via 10.1.0 .66 , eth0, 09: 36: 20 O>* 10.192.128.1/32 [110/11] via 10.1.0 .66 , eth0, 09: 36: 20 vyatta@ vyatta:~$ Basic Routing 6. 5R1 v01 Vyatta Chapter 1: Forwarding and Routing ... 172. 16. 234.0/25 dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src 172. 16. 234.23 192.94.202.0/24 via 172. 16. 234.27 dev eth1  proto zebra vyatta@ vyatta:~$  Example 1-9 shows how to display information from the FIB about route 10.1.0.0/24 Example 1‐9   Displaying information about a route in the FIB vyatta@ vyatta:~$ show ip route forward 10.1.0.0/24 10.1.0.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.1.0 .62 vyatta@ vyatta:~$ Basic Routing 6. 5R1 v01 Vyatta Chapter 1: Forwarding and Routing ...     cache  users 1 age 42sec mtu 1500 advmss 1 460  hoplimit 64 Basic Routing 6. 5R1 v01 Vyatta Chapter 1: Forwarding and Routing  Forwarding and Routing Commands 15 10.0.0.30 from 10.1.0 .62  tos lowdelay via 10.1.0.1 dev eth0     cache  users 2 age 0sec mtu 1500 advmss 1 460  hoplimit 64 multicast 224.0.0.5 from 10.1.0. 56 dev lo  src 10.1.0 .62     cache   users 1 used 8 age 8sec iif eth0 multicast 224.0.0.5 from 10.1.0 .66  dev lo  src 10.1.0 .62 ... 10.192.130.0/24 via 10.1.0 .66  dev eth0  proto zebra  metric 11 Basic Routing 6. 5R1 v01 Vyatta Chapter 1: Forwarding and Routing  Forwarding and Routing Commands 18 10.192.131.0/24 via 10.1.0 .66  dev eth0  proto zebra  metric 11 172. 16. 0.0/24 via 10.1.0.4 dev eth0  proto zebra  metric 11 172. 16. 1.0/24 via 10.1.0.4 dev eth0  proto zebra  metric 11 172. 16. 2.0/24 via 10.1.0.4 dev eth0  proto zebra  metric 11 172. 16. 3.0/24 via 10.1.0.4 dev eth0  proto zebra  metric 11... O>* 10.192.128.0/24 [110/11] via 10.1.0 .66 , eth0, 05:35:15 O>* 10.192.128.1/32 [110/11] via 10.1.0 .66 , eth0, 05:35:15 O>* 10.192.129.0/24 [110/11] via 10.1.0 .66 , eth0, 05:35:15 O>* 10.192.130.0/24 [110/11] via 10.1.0 .66 , eth0, 05:35:15 O>* 10.192.131.0/24 [110/11] via 10.1.0 .66 , eth0, 05:35:15 C>* 127.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, lo O>* 172. 16. 0.0/24 [110/11] via 10.1.0.4, eth0, 05:35:15 O>* 172. 16. 1.0/24 [110/11] via 10.1.0.4, eth0, 05:35:15... multicast 224.0.0.5 dev eth0  src 10.1.0 .62     cache   users 1 used 8 age 5sec mtu 1500 advmss 1 460  hoplimit  64 69 .59.150.131 from 10.1.0 .62  via 10.1.0.1 dev eth0     cache  users 1 used 1 age 47sec mtu 1500 advmss 1 460  hoplimit 64 local 10.1.0 .62  from 10.0.0.30 tos lowdelay dev lo  src 10.1.0 .62     cache   users 1 used 1 age 0sec iif eth0 vyatta@ vyatta:~$  Example 1 -6 shows how to display information... 10.1.0 .62 in the kernel route cache Example 1 6   Displaying information about a route in the kernel route cache vyatta@ vyatta:~$ show ip route cache 10.1.0 .62 local 10.1.0 .62  from 10.1.0.1 dev lo  src 10.1.0 .62     cache   users 1 used 3 age 9sec iif eth0 local 10.1.0 .62  from 69 .59.150.131 dev lo  src 10.1.0 .62     cache   users 1 used 7 age 102sec iif eth0 local 10.1.0 .62  from 10.0.0.30 tos lowdelay dev lo  src 10.1.0 .62 ... route from the cache Basic Routing 6. 5R1 v01 Vyatta Chapter 1: Forwarding and Routing  Forwarding and Routing Commands 9 reset ipv6 route cache Flushes the kernel IPv6 route cache Syntax reset ipv6 route cache [ipv6net] Command Mode Operational mode Parameters ipv6net Optional Flushes the specified route from the kernel IPv6 route cache Default Flushes the entire IPv6 route cache Usage Guidelines Use . VyattaSystem BasicRouting REFERENCEGUIDE ForwardingandRouting StaticRoutes COPYRIGHT Copyright©2005–2012Vyatta,Inc.Allrightsreserved. Vyattareservestherighttomakechangestosoftware,hardware,anddocumentationwithoutnotice.Forthemostrecentversionof documentation,visittheVyattawebsiteatvyatta.com. PROPRIETARYNOTICES VyattaisaregisteredtrademarkofVyatta,Inc. Hyper‐VisaregisteredtrademarkofMicrosoftCorporation. VMware,VMwareESX,andVMwareserveraretrademarksofVMware,Inc. XenServer,andXenCenteraretrademarksofCitrixSystems,Inc. Allothertrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners. RELEASEDATE:October2012 DOCUMENTREVISION. 6. 5R1 v01 RELEASEDWITH: 6. 5R1 PARTNO.A0‐0215‐10‐00 16 iii BasicRouting 6. 5R1 v01 Vyatta Contents QuickListofCommands........................................................ ForwardingandRoutingCommands 3 BasicRouting 6. 5R1 v01 Vyatta showipv6routeforward DisplaysIPv6routesstoredintheFIB. showipv6routekernel DisplaysIPv6kernelroutes. showipv6routeripng DisplaysIPv6RIPngroutes. showipv6routestatic. ForwardingandRoutingCommands 9 BasicRouting 6. 5R1 v01 Vyatta resetipv6routecache Flushes the kernel IPv6 route cache. Syntax reset ipv6 route cache [ipv6net] CommandMode Operational mode. Parameters Default Flushes the entire IPv6