Tài liệu học CCNA kỳ 1 mod5 CablingLANWAN

1 Module 5- Cabling LANs and WANs NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn Contents • Characteristics of Ethernet networks • Identify cables, hub, switch, bridge, wireless LAN • Peer-to-peer and client-server networks • WAN equipment , ISDN, DSL, cable modem 2 NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn Ethernet: LAN physical layer NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn Ethernet in the campus • Ethernet was first implemented by the Digital, Intel, and Xerox group, referred to as DIX • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 specification • The IEEE extended 802.3 to three new committees known as 802.3u (Fast Ethernet), 802.3z (Gigabit Ethernet over Fiber), and 802.3ab (Gigabit Ethernet over UTP). 3 NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn Ethernet in various usage • An Ethernet speed of 10 Mbps can be used at the user level to provide good performance. Clients or servers that require more bandwidth can use 100-Mbps Ethernet. • Fast Ethernet is used as the link between user and network devices. It can support the combination of all traffic from each Ethernet segment. • To enhance client-server performance across the campus network and avoid bottlenecks, Fast Ethernet can be used to connect enterprise servers. • Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet, as affordable, should be implemented between backbone devices. NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn Ethernet media and connector requirements • Ethernet implementations are derived from the Electronic Industries Association and the Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA/TIA) • The categories of cabling defined for Ethernet are derived from the EIA/TIA-568 4 NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn 5 NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn The RJ45 plug and its cabling in side NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn The RJ45 Jack and its pins 6 NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn straight-through cable crossover cable Cable usages: X connects to X by crossover None X connects to none X by crossover None X connects to X by straight 7 NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn A repeater receives a signal, regenerates it, and passes it on. It can regenerate and retime network signals at the bit level to allow them to travel a longer distance on the media. The Four Repeater Rule for 10-Mbps Ethernet should be used as a standard when extending LAN segments. 5-4-3-2-1 rule states that no more than four repeaters can be used between hosts on a LAN. Repeater NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn •Multi-port repeaters •Most commonly used in Ethernet 10BASE-T or 100BASE-T networks •There are Passive, Active, Intelligent hubs •The more devices there are attached to the hub, the more likely there will be collisions Every device connected to the same network segment is said to be a member of a collision domain Hub 8 NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn Passive – A passive hub serves as a physical connection point only. It does not manipulate or view the traffic that crosses it. It does not boost or clean the signal, so the passive hub does not need electrical power. Active – An active hub must be plugged into an electrical outlet because it needs power to amplify the incoming signal before passing it out to the other ports. Intelligent – These devices basically function as active hubs, but also include a microprocessor chip and diagnostic capabilities. Hub NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn •Wireless signals are electromagnetic waves that travel through the air •Wireless networks use Radio Frequency (RF), laser, infrared (IR), or satellite/microwaves to carry signals •The two most common wireless technologies used for networking are IR and RF •Two approaches currently being used to implement spread spectrum for WLAN transmissions are Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Wireless 9 NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn • Break up a large LAN into smaller, more easily managed segments, decreases the amount of traffic on a single LAN ( switches, routers, and gateways also can do) 1. Destination is same segment = don’t forward 2. Destination is on different segment = forward 3. Destination is unknown = forward to all segment except the one that received it Bridge NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn • Multi-port bridge • Similarity to bridge but a switch chooses the port to which the destination device or workstation is connected • Switch : improve network performance by improving speed and bandwidth, alleviates congestion , replacing hubs with existing cable infrastructures Switch 10 NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn Switch functions & benefits • Switching data frames is the process by which a frame is received on an input medium and then transmitted to an output medium. Maintenance of switching operations where switches build and maintain switching tables and search for loops • operate at much higher speeds than bridges and can support new functionality, such as virtual LANs • parallel in communication: use of virtual circuits (in a virtually collision-free environment ) NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn • To connect a host device to the network medium • NICs are considered Layer 2 devices because each NIC carries a unique code called a MAC address • Consideration: expansion slot, network media/connector (may included transceiver) NIC, Host connectivity [...]... To T1 circuit To router • For digital lines, a channel service unit (CSU) and a data service • unit (DSU) are required – We won’t go into the differences here The two are often combined into a single piece of equipment, called the CSU/DSU NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn 12 WAN physical layer 2400bps up to T1 (1. 544M), E1(2.048M) ISDN (BRI): two 64 kbps (B channels) for data, one (D channel) at 16 kbps... one (D channel) at 16 kbps Up to T1/E1 T1/E1 or above NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn WAN serial connections • WANs use serial transmission • Normally the router will be a data terminal equipment (DTE) and use a DTE serial cable A device that provides signal clocking such as a channel/data service unit (CSU/DSU) will connect to it NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn 13 Router & serial connections • Router... serial ports are labeled for port type and port number, e.g S0, S1, E0, F0 • Interfaces on routers with modular serial ports are labeled for port type, slot, and port number, e.g s0 /1, fa0/0 NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn Router and other connections ISDN BRI interface Cable TV interface DSL interface NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn 14 Router & console connection • The console port allows monitoring... cable to connect to a DCE device like a CSU/DSU NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn 15 Summary • The ISDN BRI has two types of interfaces, S/T and U interfaces To interconnect the ISDN BRI port to the service-provider device, a UTP Category 5 straight-through cable with RJ-45 connectors, is used A phone cable and an RJ -11 connector are used to connect a router for DSL service Coaxial cable and a BNC connector... routers NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn 16 • http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gorry/course/ phy-pages/ phy.html • • http://www.kan.org/networking/ nethardware.html • http://searchsystemsmanagement.techtarget.com/ sDefinition/0,,sid20 _gci 212 660,00.html • • http://www.vtac.org/Tech/TDbasics_of_ switching.htm http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/ sDefinition/0,,sid7_ gci 213 079,00.html http://www.webwisdom.com/edu_content/... use the resource • Concentration of network resources such as files, printers, and applications on servers also makes the data generated easier to back-up and maintain NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn 11 WAN Connections CPE Router c ar em D CSU/DSU CO Local LAN WAN Link Last Mile or Local Loop • • • • CSU/DSU DTE Remote User DTE • DCE Modem DCE • • • • • • RAS Telco Service Provider (Cloud of WAN Switches)... resources users may decide to share certain files with other users, no central point of control or administration in the network • Relatively easy to install and operate • Doesn’t scale up well (less than 10 computers) NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn Client/server Network • Network services are located on a dedicated computer called a server • Before a client can access the server resources, the client... configuration of a Cisco hub, switch, or router • Need rollover cable and configure the terminal emulation application with the following common equipment (COM) port settings: 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, and no flow control • The AUX port is used to provide out-of-band management through a modem NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn Summary • A network interface card (NIC) • Use a crossover cable... switching.htm http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/ sDefinition/0,,sid7_ gci 213 079,00.html http://www.webwisdom.com/edu_content/ cps640fall00/ lectures/module3/WAN/ sld008.htm NIIT-ICT Hanoi info@niithanoi.vn 17