Ngữ pháp và bài tập tiếng Anh 7

Th nh viờn Tu i H c Trũ 123doc.org Present Simple and Present Progressive tense A. Theory I/ Present Simple (Hiện tại đơn) 1. Form a. Khẳng định - I, you, we , they + V - He, she , it + V+s / V+es * Notes : - Các động từ kết thúc là sh, ch, ss, o, x thì sang ngôi he, she , it thêm es Eg : I wash He washes I watch He watches I go He goes I miss He misses - Sau các phụ âm k, p, t s đợc đọc là /s/ - Sau các trờng hợp còn lại s đợc đọc là /z/ - Sau các phụ âm sh, ch, ss, x đuôi es đợc đọc là iz - Những động từ tận cùng là phụ âm + y thì sang ngôi he, she, it y đổi thành i trớc khi thêm es. Eg : I study He studies - Những động từ tận cùng là nguyên âm + y, biến đổi bình thờng khi sang ngôi he, she, it. Eg: I play, he plays b. Phủ định - I, we, you, they don't + V - He, she , it doesn't + V c. Nghi vấn - Do I / you/ we / they + V ? - Does he/ she/ it + V ? 2. The use. a. Diễn tả mức độ thờng xuyên diễn ra của hành động ở hiện tại. Thờng đi với always, usually, often , sometimes, occasionally (thỉnh thoảng), rarely, seldom (hiếm khi), never, everyday, every week once twice / 2 times 3 times a week/ a month/year một lần hai lần một tuần/ một tháng/ một năm ba lần Eg : - He usually goes to the cinema. - We clean our house everyday. - Lan washes clothes twice a week. b. Diễn tả điều luôn luôn đúng (sự thật), hoặc đã đúng trong một khoảng thời gian dài. Eg : - Some animals don't eat during winter. ( Một vài loài động vật không ăn vào mùa đông) - We are Vietnamese. We speak Vietnamese. - He works in a bank. II/ Present Continuous (Hiện tại tiếp diễn) 1. Form a. Khẳng định I am You/ We/ They are + V-ing Th nh viờn Tu i H c Trũ 123doc.org He/ she/ it is b. Phủ định S + to be + not + V-ing c. Nghi vấn To be + S + V-ing ? *Notes : - Những động từ kết thúc là một nguyên âm e, trớc khi thêm ing ta bỏ e. Eg : have having write writing - Những động từ 1 âm tiết, 1 nguyên âm, kết thúc là một phụ âm, trớc khi thêm ing ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối. Eg : - sit sitting - swim swimming - Các động từ: die, lie, tie biến đổi nh sau: die dying, lie lying, tie tying 2. The use a. Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra ở hiện tại, thờng đi với at the moment, at present, now ( bây giờ , vào lúc này ) Eg : - I'm cooking at the moment. b. Diễn tả hành động tơng lai đã đợc sắp xếp sẵn He is meeting his brother at the station tonight. (Anh ta sẽ đón anh trai ở nhà ga vào tối nay.) c. Thời hiện tại TD đi với always khi ta muốn phàn nàn về một hành động lặp đi lặp lại. Eg : He's always losing his keys. (Anh ta cứ luôn đánh mất chìa khóa) * Notes : Cỏc ng t trng thỏi (stative verb) bng sau khụng c chia th tip din (bt c thi no) khi chỳng l nhng ng t tnh din t trng thỏi cm giỏc ca hot ng tinh thn hoc tớnh cht ca s vt, s vic. know believe hear see smell wish think understand hate love like want sound stop have need appear seem taste own feel Nhng khi chỳng quay sang hng ng t hnh ng thỡ chỳng li c phộp dựng th tip din. He has a lot of books. He is having dinner now. (ng t hnh ng: n ti) I think they will come in time. I'm thinking of my test tomorrow. (ng t hnh ng: ang ngh v) B. Drill exercises 1. Exercise 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc: 1. They (go) on holiday every winter. 2. The days (be) longer in summer. 3. She often (talk) to herself. 4. Oak trees (grow) very slowly. 11. Do you know anyone who (speak) Italian? 12. At work he usually (sit) all day. 13. (you ever work) at the weekend? 14.What's that noise? Somebody (practise) the piano. Th nh viờn Tu i H c Trũ 123doc.org 5 My dog (not eat) vegetables. 6. My brother (not like) animals. 7. Most people (not like) to visit a doctor. 8. In his job she usually (stand) . 9. My brother never (go) out in the evening. 10. He usually (work) with paints and brushe s 15. She (have) a shower at the moment. 16. Right now she (run) down a hill. 17.I'm looking at that woman, she (wear) a nice dress. 18. 'Where is Kate?' 'She (watch) TV in the living room.' 19. Don't bother me now. I (to work) 20. Take an umbrella. It (to rain) *Practice: 1. Exercise 1: Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời Hans Huser is a ski-instructor. He is Swiss and he lives in Villars, a village in the mountains. In summer he works in a sports shop and in winter he teaches skiing. He speaks 4 languages : French, German, Italian and English. He is married and has two children. He plays football with them in his free time. He's happy with his family. 1/ What / Hans Huser / do ? 2/ Where/ he / come / from ? 3/ he / live / city ? 4/ Where / he / work / summer ? 5/ What / do / winter ? 6/ How many languages / he / speak ? 7/ he / single ? 8/ How many children / he / have ? 9/ What / he / do / free time ? 10/ he / happy / family ? 2. Exercise 2 Đọc đoạn văn sau, điền một từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống , sau đó dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời Alan is a lorry -driver. He's 25 years He works five days week. Every morning he gets up at 6 o'clock. He eats enormous breakfast at 6.30. He two cups of tea. Then he kisses wife. He leaves for work at 7.30. He lunch in a transport cafe. He home at 5 o'clock. In the evening he goes to the pub. He goes to at 10.30. 1/ What / Alan / do ? 2/ How many days / week / he work ? 3/ What time / he get up ? 4/ he / drink coffee / morning ? 5/ What time he / leave / work ? 6/ Where / he / have lunch ? 7/ he / go cinema / evening ? 3 Exercise 3:Đọc lá th sau dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời Dear Tom, Now I'm in Rio. I'm staying in a big hotel. It's very beautiful but expensive. In the morning I usually go to the beach. I sometimes go shopping in the afternoon. There are a lot of goods but I don't have much money. In the evening I usually stay in my room and watch TV. At the moment, I'm eating a delicious cake and writing this letter to you. Tomorrow I'm going to the Trade Exhibition in the city centre. Well, let me stop now, Give my love to everyone. Love, Susan 1. Where / Susan / stay ? Th nh viên Tu i H c Tròà ổ ọ 123doc.org 2. Where / she / go / morning ? 3. What / she / do / evening ? 4. What / she / do / at the moment ? 4.Exercise 4:Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc ë ®óng thêi 1/ Hello, this is Dr Smith's office. Who (speak) ? 2/ Hurry up ! The train (come). 3/ It is a lovely day. The sun (shine) and the birds (sing). 4/ The Earth (go) round the Sun. 5/ Some animals (not eat) during the winter. 6/ - What Oanh (do) at the moment ? - She (cook). She usually (cook) dinner for her family. 7/ In the evening he often (play) chess with his door neighbour. 8/ They (build) a new hospital in my town now. 9/ My father always (have) a rest after lunch. 10/ She's very lazy. She never (wash) the floor. 11/ Look at those boys ! They (hurry) home after school. 12/ Your mother usually (catch) the 8.10 bus ? 13/ Your sister (wait) for her friend at the station now? 14/ He usually (smile) at his wife when he (come) home. 15/ - Mrs Lan (use) the computer now ? - Yes, she usually (use) it for her work. 16/ Minh sometimes (miss) his bus. 17/ My uncle often (watch) TV in the evening. But right now he (write) a letter . 18/- They (have) breakfast now ? - No, they (sleep) 19/ My father always (relax) at the weekend. 20/ You can't see Tom now. He (have) a bath. 21/ Tom can't have the newspaper now because his aunt (read) it. 22/ I'm busy at the moment. I (redecorate) the room. 23/ The kettle (boil) now. Shall I make the tea ? 24/ I don't want to go out now because it (rain) and I (not have) an umbrella. Simple future tense, Simple past tense 1.Future Simple tense : a/ Form: S + will + V ,/ S + will + not + V / Will + S + V ? b/ Signs to recognize : trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian: next, tomorrow, tomorrow morning……, c/ Use: Nói về một sự việc tương lai. Sự việc này có thể chắc chắn sẽ xảy ra hoặc không chắc chắn sẽ xảy ra.; Ex; They will be here tomorrow evening. I ‘m not sure he’ll be there Th nh viên Tu i H c Tròà ổ ọ 123doc.org 2. The Simple Past. a. Form S + V ed / S didn’t + V / Did + S + V ? b. NhËn xÐt : * Ng«i thø nhÊt sè Ýt (I) vµ ng«i thø ba sè Ýt ( He/She/It ) to BE cã chung mét d¹ng lµ WAS . C¸c ng«i cån l¹i ( You/ We/ You) cã chung mét d¹ng lµ WERE wasn't vµ weren't lµ d¹ng rót gän lÇn lỵt cđa WAS NOT vµ WERE NOT * ë thĨ kh¼ng ®Þnh ta thªm -ED vµo cho d¹ng c¬ b¶n cđa ®éng tõ. ë thĨ phđ ®Þnh vµ nghi vÊn , ta ph¶i nhê ®Õn d¹ng qu¸ khø ®¬n bÊt quy t¾c ®éng tõ TO DO didn't lµ d¹ng rót gän DID NOT Riªng víi nh÷ng ®éng tõ bÊt quy t¾c (irregular verbs), ta phØa häc thc lßng d¹ng bÊt quy t¾c cđa tõng ®éng tõ ®ỵc kª trong cét thø hai cđa b¶ng ®éng tõ bÊt quy t¾c . * ChØ ë thĨ kh¼ng ®Þnh ta míi dïng ®Õn d¹ng bÊt quy t¾c cđa ®éng tõ . ë thĨ phđ ®Þnh vµ nghi vÊn , ta vÉn ph¶i nhê ®Õn d¹ng qu¸ khø ®¬n bÊt quy t¾c ®éng tõ TO DO * Qui t¾c chÝnh t¶ : Khi thªm -ED vµo cho d¹ng c¬ b¶n cđa ®éng tõ , ta cã c¸c qui t¾c sau: khi ®éng tõ chÊm døt b»ng mét phơ ©m vµ tríc phơ ©m nµy lµ mét nguyªn ©m th× ta ph¶i gÊp ®«i phơ ©m ci Eg: stop > stopped khi ®éng tõ chÊm døt b»ng -y vµ tríc nã lµ mét phơ ©m th× ta ph¶i ®ỉi -y thµnh -i tríc khi thªm -ED Eg: carry > carried Nhng nÕu -y ®øng sau mét nguyªn ©m th× kh«ng thay ®ỉi Eg: obey >obeyed *C¸ch ph¸t ©m ®u«i –ED Có 3 cách phát âm đuôi –ed sau 1 động từ có quy tắc chia ở quá khứ. . /id/: sau các động từ tận cùng bằng t và d. Ex: wanted, ended, needed, visited… . /t/: sau các động từ tận cùng bằng: f, k, p, ss, ce, ch, sh, gh, ph Ex: stopped, passed, watched, looked… . /d/: sau các đọâng từ tận cùng bằng các nguyên âm a, e, o, u, i và các phụ âm còn lại (b, g, l, m, n, v, z, th,…) Th nh viờn Tu i H c Trũ 123doc.org Ex: used, tired, joined, failed c. Cách dùng: Thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả một thói quen trong quá khứ ( tơng ứng với thì hiện tại đơn thì diễn tả một thói quen ở hiện tại nh ta đã học ) Thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả một hành động đã hoàn tất tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ , không còn liên quan đến hiện tại ,vì thế thì này thờng kết hợp với các trạng từ chỉ thời gian quá khứ cụ thể nh: yesterday,last week, two years ago , in 1980 B. Drill exercises 1. Exercise 1: Put the verbs in parentheses into the future simple tense: 1. They (drive)______________ to school tomorrow. 2. We (hold)_____________ a soccer match next Sunday. 3. He (go)_______________ to that book shop tomorrow. 4. We (visit) ________ her house on this Sunday? 5. They (go) camping _____ this summer in a foreign country. 6. Hoa (have) ________ a party this evening and it (end) _____ at 7 oclock. 7. I (phone) ______ you tomorrow evening? 8. Tam and his family (be) ________ at his farm all of the next harvest time. 9. They (not come) ________ back soon? 10. She (be) ________ abroad for her higher study next year. 1/ Minh (be) very tired when I (see) him yesterday. 2/ My father usually (work) 8 hours a day, but yesterday he (start) at 9.00 a.m and (finish) at 9.00 p.m. 3/ It usually (rain) a lot in summer but it (rain) a little last summer. 4/ -When John (leave) home ? -He (leave) 5 minutes ago. 5/ What you (do) last Sunday ? - I (have) a holiday in New York. Exercise2 : Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời Last year David went to Barcelona for his holiday. He went by air and stayed in a big hotel in the city centre. He stayed there for 5 days. When he was there, he visited many beautiful places in Barcelona. He took many photographs and bought a lot of souvenirs for his friends. He enjoyed the holiday very much. 1/ When / David / go / Barcelona ? 2/ How long / stay ? 3/ How / he / go / Barcelona? 4/ Where / he / stay ? 5/ he / take / a lot / photographs ? 6/ What / he / buy ? Th nh viờn Tu i H c Trũ 123doc.org Modal verbs 1. Modal verbs : (ng t khim khuyt) can, must, should, ought to - can : cú th _ cant : khụng th S dng can hoc cant din t kh nng. Ex: She can speak English. ( cụ y cú th núi ting Anh) S dng can hoc cant din t s xin phộp hay cho phộp. Ex: Can I watch TV now, Mum? No, you cant. You must finish your dinner first. - should = ought to : nờn . Dựng din t li khuyờn. Ex: 1.You should study hard. ( Em nờn hc hnh chm ch) C. Children shouldnt eat too much candy. Its not good for their health. ( Tr con khụng nờn n quỏ nhiu ko. Nú khụng tt cho sc kho ca chỳng). Subject +ought to + verb (inf. Withou toev You ought to phone your mother regularly Subject + ought not to +verb (inf. Without to) You ought not to drink coffee (Baùn khoõng neõn uoỏng caứ pheõ) Ought +Subject + to + verb (inf. Without to) ? C. must ; mustnt: Must: phi, t hn l . c dựng din t s bt buc hay suy oỏn. Ex: 1. The traffic lights are red . You must stop. ( ốn giao thụng ó ri . Bn phi dng li) C. Minh was absent today. He must be ill. ( Hụm nay Minh ngh hc. t hn l cu y b m) Mustnt : khụng c . Dựng din t s cm oỏn. Ex: You mustnt forget to finish your homework before watching TV. ( Con khụng c quờn lm xong bi tp v nh trc khi xem ti vi.) B. Practice: Exercise 1 : Hãy chọn đáp án đúng trong số A.B,C hoặc D 1/ Mary can to the meeting. A. come B. to come C. coming D.come 2/ Jack should harder. A. studies B. to study C. study D. studying 3/ The whole team must together to win the game. A. worked B. to work C. work D. working 4/ To stay alive, people breathe oxygen. A. must/have to B. must not C. dont have to 5/ My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. A. must/have to B. must not C. dont have to D. have to 6/ You open the door while hes there because the light will ruin the picture. A. must/have to B. must not C. dont have to D. needn t to 7/ John has been working for 5 hours. He be very tired. Th nh viên Tu i H c Tròà ổ ọ 123doc.org A. can B. may C.must D. should 8/ you please be quiet ? I’m trying to concentrate.… A. Shall B. Do C. Will D. Should 9/ I carry the bag for you ?… A. Shall B. Do C. Will D. Should 10/ Thanks for lending me the money. I pay you back on Friday.… A. can B. may C. will D. should 11/ we go on a picnic next Sunday ?… A. Will B. Shall C. Do D. Should 12/ My granfather was a very clever man. He speak 5 languages.… A. could B. can C. may D. must 13/ The phone is ringing. It be Tom.… A. may/might B. must C. should D. will 14/ - My salary is very low. - You look for another job.… A.shall B.may C.will D. should 15/ I have these postcards please ?… A.Can B.Do C. Will D. Should 16/ you like to come to dinner tomorrow evening ?… A.Do B.Will C Can D. Would 17/ you tell me how to get to the post-office please ?… A.Do B.Could C.Have D. May 18/ To be successful mountain climber, you have a great deal of stamina.… A. must/ have to B. must not C. don’t have to Exercise 2: Make questions for the underlined parts. 1. She goes to school six days a week 2. They are playing catch in the school. 3. My father is jogging in the park. 4. He will visit Hue next week. 5. I saw her last night. 6. She went to the doctor because she was sick. 7. Nam played badminton with Minh . 8. Her favorite subject is English. 9. My family has lunch at 11.30. 10.The school library has about two thousand books. . giờ , vào lúc này ) Eg : - I'm cooking at the moment. b. Diễn tả hành động tơng lai đã đợc sắp xếp sẵn He is meeting his brother at the station tonight. (Anh ta sẽ đón anh trai ở nhà ga vào. một khoảng thời gian dài. Eg : - Some animals don't eat during winter. ( Một vài loài động vật không ăn vào mùa đông) - We are Vietnamese. We speak Vietnamese. - He works in a bank. II/. he / speak ? 7/ he / single ? 8/ How many children / he / have ? 9/ What / he / do / free time ? 10/ he / happy / family ? 2. Exercise 2 Đọc đoạn văn sau, điền một từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống