Tiếng Anh căn bản 10

Chapter 1: Verb Tenses TENSES FORM USUAGES SIGNALS The Simple Present (Thì hiện tại đơn ) * Đới với VERB TO BE - Aff: S + am, is, are - Inter: Am,is, are S ? - Neg: S+ am,is, areNOT * Đới với VERB thường - Aff: S + Vo / Vs,es - Inter: Do/ Does S + Vo - Neg: S + don’t / doesn’t Vo * Notes: Ngơi sớ ít HE, SHE, IT thêm – es vào sau những động từ tận cùng : o , s , x ,z ,sh , ch. 1. Chân lý, quy luật, thói quen hiện tại, việc thường xun xảy ra. 2. Dùng trong mệnh đề if câu điều kiện loại 1. 3. Diễn đạt giờ tàu xe chạy, cửa hàng đóng mở, lịch làm việc. - always, often = usually, sometimes = now and then, seldom , rarely never - every day, week, month, year - once / twice / three times + a/every (day/week…) The Simple past tense (Thì quá khứ đơn) * Đới với TO BE - Aff: S + was/ were - Inter: Was/ were S ? - Neg: S + wasn’t/ weren’t * Đới với Verb thường: - Aff: S + V2/ ed - Inter: Did + S + Vo ? - Neg: S + didn’t Vo Diễn đạt hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc ở q khứ, khơng còn liên quan đến hiện tại. - Last (night/ week/ time/ Sunday/ year/month…) - yesterday - khoảng thời gian + ago - the other day; one day - in + năm - from to The simple future (Thì tương lai đơn) - Aff: S + will Vo - Inter: Will + S + Vo ? - Neg: S + won’t Vo 1. Diễn đạt hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai mang tính hiển nhiên. 2. Diễn đạt hành động sẽ thực hiện ở tương lai nhưng vừa mới được quyết định tức thì, khơng có kế hoạch hay dự định trước. - next (year, week, month, Sunday…) - tomorrow - one day - in + (năm ở tương lai) - in + khoảng thời gian - khoảng thời gian + from now The present continuous tense (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) - Aff: S + am, is, are + VING - Inter: Am, is, are S + VINg - Neg: S + am, is, are NOT + Ving 1. Diễn đạt hành động đang xảy ra (có tính liên tục và kéo dài) tại thời điểm đang nói. 2. Diễn đạt hành động ở thời điểm hiện tại mang tính tạm thời, còn thay đổi. 3. Diễn đạt sự sắp xếp, kế hoạch tương lai. - now, right now - at the moment - at this time The past continuous - Aff: S + was, were Ving Diễn đạt hành động xảy ra tại một thời - at + (time) + yesterday / last …. 1 tense (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn) - Inter: Was, were S + ving - Neg: S + was, were not +Ving điểm xác định rõ trong quá khứ. The Present perfect tense (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành) - Aff: S + have, has + V3/ed - Inter: Have, has + S + V3/ed -Neg: S + have, has not + V3/ed 1. Hành động khởi đầu ở quá khứ nhưng còn tiếp tục cho đến hiện tại. 2. Hành động vừa kết thúc chưa lâu. 4. Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng chưa rõ thời gian. - since, for, how long - just, recently, lately - once, twice, three times, several times - so far = up to now - already, yet/ not … yet ever before, never…before Exercises: Dạng bài tập cơ bản I. Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn. 1. He …………………………….…(live) in London last year. 2. He ……………………… (live) in London from 1980 to 1985. 3. They ………………………… (sell) their house several days ago. 4. When…………….…you ………….… (see) her ? 5. ………………… he come to see you last night ? Yes he came. 6. She ………………….…… (met) me in the street last Sunday. 7. I …………………… ….(wait) for the telephone call all this morning. 8. I……………………… …… (study) music when I was at school. 9. They ……………………………… (sell) their house last year. 10. They ………………………….…(walk) to the corner two days ago. 11. Professor T. ………………………….…(teach) another class last year. 12. We ………………………….….(spend) two weeks in Japan in 2000. II. Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hòan thành. 1. When we arrived , the dinner …………….…….(already begin). 2. She ………… …… (cry) after he ………… ……….(go). 3. When I ………… ….(get) to the theatre , the play …….… ….(already start). 4. We ……….……….(just turn off) the lights when we heard someone at the door. 5. Everyone ……… (eat) dinner by the time we ………(get) to the dining-room. 6. He ………………………(do) nothing before he saw me. 7. He thanked me for what I …………………… (do). 8. He …………………… (die) after he ……………… (be) ill a long time. III. Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì hiện tại hòan thành. 1. She …………………………… … (wait) for two hours to see you. 2. She ………………………………… (be) to America. 3. John …………………………… … (see) that film several times. 4. They …………………………… ……(live) in this street for a long time. 5. She …………………………….…… (not speak) to me since last week. 6. We …………………………… (study) every lesson in the book, so far. 7. I ………………………………………….(have) three colds this winter. 2 8. Up to now, John ……………………………………….(work) very hard. Dạng bài tập nâng cao. I. Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense 1. The students (look) ___________ up that new word now. 2. She (go) __________ to school every day. 3. We (do) __________ this exercise at the moment. 4. Miss Helen (read) ___________ a newspaper now. 5. It (rain) __________ very much in the summer. It (rain) _________ now. 6. Bad students never (work) __________ hard. 7. He generally (sing) __________ in English, but today he (sing) __________ in Spanish. 8. We seldom (eat) __________ before 6.30. 9. Be quiet. The baby (sleep) ____________. 10. Look. A man (run) ___________ after the train. He (want) ___________ to catch it. 11 Tom (like) __________ to go to the museums. 12. My mother (cook) ___________ some food in the kitchen at present. She always (cook) __________ in the mornings. 13. I (see) ___________ you (wear) ___________ your best clothes. 14. My friend (study) __________ English for an hour every night. 15. I (do) __________ an exercise on the present tense at the moment and I (think) __________ that I (know) __________ how to use it now. II. Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense. 1.We (never watch) __________ that TV programme. 2. We (wacth) __________ a good programme on TV last night. 3. He (read) __________ that novel many times before. 4. However, I (have) __________ no trouble with my car since then. 5. I (not see) __________ John for a long time. I (see) __________ him 3 weeks ago. 6. He is very thirsty. He (not drink) __________ since this morning. 7. They (begin) __________ to study at this school 7 years ago. 8. Since when (you know) ___________ her ? 9. How long ago (he start) __________ to learn French ? 10. My mother (be) ________ in hospital for a long time and she cannot go home yet. 11. His dog (just run) __________ out of the garden. III. Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense. 1/ He (sit) __________ in a bar when I (see) __________ him. 2/ When I (go) __________ out, the sun (shine) __________. 3/ The light (go) __________ out while I (have) __________ tea. 4/ When it (rain) __________ , she(carry) __________ an umbrella. 5/ We (walk) __________ to the station when it (begin) __________ to rain. 6/ He (teach) __________ English for 2 months when he (live) in Germany and (work) __________ as a journalist. 7/ The house (burn) __________ fast, so we (break) __________ the window to get out. 8/ He (eat) __________ three sandwiches while you (talk) __________ to him. Chapter 2: Passive Voice 3 I. General rule : S + V + O + S + BE + V3 . by + O. (chia theo thỡ cuỷa caõu chuỷ ủoọng) Ex: - She usually takes my car. My car is usually taken by her. - He has sent his son to another school. His son has been sent to another school. II. Active passive: 1 V 1/s,es am / is / are + V 3 2 V 2/ed was / were + V 3 3 am/ is / are + Ving am/ is /are + being + V 3 4 was / were + Ving was / were + being + V 3 5 has / have + V 3 has / have + been + V 3 6 had + v 3 had + been + v 3 7 will / would can / could + V 0 may / might must will / would can / could + be + V 3 may / might (nguyeõn maóu) must 8 be going to have to + V 0 used to like be going to have to + be + V 3 used to (nguyeõn maóu) like EXERCISES I. Turn into passive voice. 1/ He is running his own restaurant. - ______________________________________________________ 2/ The secretary opens the mails every morning. - ______________________________________________________ 4/ Toms absence worried his mother. - ______________________________________________________ 5/ They are building a new school in this town. - ______________________________________________________ 6/ You should finish the report right now. 4 Adv of place + BY O + Adv of time - ______________________________________________________ 7/ We shall discuss the matter in the afternoon. - __________________________________________________ 8/ He has to pay the bills before the fifth of the month. - _________________________________________________ 9/ No one has opened that box for the past hundred years. - _________________________________________________ 10/ The boy screamed while the dentist was pulling out one of his teeth. - ______________________________________________________ 11/ The fire has destroyed many houses. - ______________________________________________________ 12/ The children are carrying the chairs into the house. - ______________________________________________________ II. Choose the best answer. 1. They cancelled all the flights because of the fog. A. All the flights because of the fog were cancelled. B. All the flights were cancelled because of the fog. C. All the flights were because of the fog cancelled. D. All the flights were cancelled because of the fog by them. 2. People don’t use this road very often. A. This road is not used very often. B. Not very often this road is not used. C. This road very often is not used. D. This road not very often is used. 3. Somebody is using the computer at the moment. A. The computer is being used at the moment. B. The computer at the moment is being used. C. The computer is used at the moment. D. The computer is being used at the moment by someone. 4. Has somebody decorated my bedroom? A. Have my bedroom been decorated? B. Has my bedroom decorated? C. Has my bedroom been decorated? D. Has the bedroom of me been decorated? 5. Where do you change the money into dollars? A. Where does the money into dollars changed? B. Where is the money into dollars changed? C. Where is the money changed into dollars? D. Where does the money changed into dollars? 5 III. Active or Passive? Underline the correct verb form. 1. Tom (has just promoted / has just been promoted) to area manager of East Asia. 2. My father (has taken / has been taken) English class in the U.S. 3. How many times (have you / have you been) fired? 4. How much money (have you saved / have you been saved) for your vacation. 5. My brother (has given / has been given) tickets to the concert . 6. The population of our city (has risen / has been risen) to nearly one million. 7. A strike (has called / has been called) by the factory worker. 8. They (haven’t offered / haven’t been offered) more money by the management. Chapter 3: If Clause Type IF- clause Main clause 1.PROBABLE ( có khả năng xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai) Simple present (S +to be(am/is/are) Vo/Vs,es ) Ex: If you study hard Simple future (S + Will/shall/can/may(not) + Vo…) you will pass the exam 2. PRESENT –UNREAL ( không có thật ở hiện tại/ không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại) Past subjunctive (S + to be (were) V2/ ed ) Ex: If I were a bird Future in the past (S + would /should/….(not)+ Vo…) I would be a white dove 3.PAST_ UNREAL ( không có thật ở quá khứ/ không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ) Past perfect subjunctive (S + had + V3/ ed …) Ex: If he had come here yesterday Modal perfect (S + would/ should/….(not) have + V3 /ed …) he would have met me Exercises 1. If I this exam I’ll go to the university next September. A. pass B. to pass C. passing D. passed 2. If Tom us, the work will only take half an hour to finish. A. will help B. helped C. is helping D. helps 3. It Jack refuses to help we manage without him. A. have to B. will have to C. are having to D. had to 4. If she so shy she would enjoy parties. A. isn’t B. wouldn’t be C. weren’t D.not be 5. If he took more exercise he healthier. A. must be B. would be C. is D. was 6 6. If he hours watching television he would pass the exams. A. wouldn’t spend C. doesn’t spend B. not spent D. didn’t spend 7. If people more slowly there wouldn’t be many accidents. A. drive C. are driving B. drove D. would drive 8. If English people spoke more slowly I to understand them. A. may be able C. might be able B. am able D. was able 9. If the flat clearly numbered it would be easier for me to find it. A. were B. is C. would be D. x 10. If they cleaned the windows the rooms brighter. A. will look B. looked C. would look D. look 11. If we central heaying the house would be warmer. A. had C. will have B. have D. would have 12. If I the signal I would have stopped. A. had seen B. saw C. have seen D. see 13. I you if I’d known your number. A. would ring C. rang B. would have rung D. will ring 14. If the lift we wouldn’t have come up by the stairs. A. had been working C. is working B. have been working D. would be 15. We this mistake if we had listened carefully. A. mightn’t make C. mightn’t have made B. may not have made D. didn’t make 16. If they hadn’t been driving so quick the accident so terrible. A. wasn’t C. wouldn’t be B. won’t be D. wouldn’t have been 17. They their children to the beach if it hadn’t been raining. A. would have taken C. will take B. would take D. took 18. If I hard at school I would have got a good job. A. worked C. had worked 7 B. was working D. might work 19. If the examinner had read the passage more slowly the candidates it. A. would have understand B. understood C. would understand D. will have understood 20. If the exit doors people would have been able to escape. A. hadn’t blocked C. hadn’t been blocked B. didn’t block D. weren’t blocked Chapter 4: Gerunds and Infinitives I. Gerund: Danh động từ a. Cơng thức: S + V + V-ing b. Sau giới từ (in, on, at, of, with, for, by ) Sau động từ/cụm từ như: Ex: They were hungry, so she suggested having dinner early. Ex: I look forward to hearing from you soon. II. to + infinitive: Động từ ngun mẫu có To a. S + V + to V b. Sau các đ ng t nh : ộ ừ ư expect (kỳ vọng, trông đợi), plan (dự đònh), decide (quyết đònh), hope (hi vọng), threaten (đe doạ), agree (đồng ý), promise (hứa), forget (quên), try (cố gắng), like (muốn), wish (ao ước), … Ex: It was a nice day, so we decided to go for a walk. EXERCISES 8 avoid (tránh), have trouble (gặp khó khăn), practise (thực hành), consider (xem xét, tính đến), miss (nhớ/bỏ lỡ), enjoy (thích, thưởng thức), mind (phiền), suggest (đề nghò), keep (giữ), like (thích), feel like (cảm giác như), stop (dừng), it’s no use (không lợi ích gì), mind (phiền) … Using TO + INFINITIVE or V-ING to complete sentences: 1. She expects (get) ……………………. a pay rise next month. 2. His mother wants him (get) ……………… a good result in this semester. 3. I will refuse (work) ……….on Saturday and Sunday if I can’t get the double pay. 4. We promise (help) ……………… him when he is in trouble. 5. Their friends hope (see) …………………… them again. 6. He seemed (be) ………………… happy when he saw you. 7. The boss decided (go) …………………… abroad. 8. Miss Linda enjoys (work) …………………… with young children. 9. I start (work) ………………………. at 7:00 am every day. 10. The teacher encouraged his students (work) ……………………. alone without (receive) ………………… any help. 11. I can’t stop (think) ……………………. of him. 12. Would you like (spend) ………………. your holiday with me in Dalat? 13. It’s very impolite (speak) …………………… foreign language in front of people who don’t know it. 14. It’s obvious he’s only interested in (make) …………………. money. 15. Our teacher managed (book) ………………… two seats on the morning flight. 16. Would you mind (open) …………………… the window? 17. My father hates (wear) ………….…… a tie to work. 18. I don’t really like (get) …………………… up early. Chapter 5: WH Questions I. Đối với động từ TO BE WH + am,is,are + S ? Was, were EX: Where are you from? II. Đối động từ đặc biệt: Can, could, will, would, should, may WH + can, could, will, should + S + Vo ? EX: When will you come back? III. Đối với động từ thường: 1. Ở hiện tại đơn: WH + do, does S + Vo ? EX: What does he do? 2. Ở quá khứ: 9 WH + did + S + Vo ? EX: Where did they go last Sunday? • Một số từ để hỏi thường gặp: Who What/ Which When Where Why How How old How far How often How much/ many EXERCISES I. Choose the best answer. 1. will she spend her summer holidays? In Hanoi. A. When B. Where C. How D. With whom 2. - fast does Lan read? - Fifty pages a day. A. How fast B. How much C. How many books D. How 3. - novel are you reading? - Tam's. A. Who B. Which C. Whose D. that 4. book are you reading, a textbook or a novel by Charles Dick A. Who B. Whose C. Which D. That 5. do you go to the library? -Twice a week. A. How often B. How C. How long D. How far 6. - for a living? - I'm an engineer. A. What are you doing C. What do you do B. How do you do D. What are yo 7. 's the weather like today? A. What B. Who C. How D. Which 8. - is Lan waiting ? - At the station. A. Why B. When C. Where D. What 9. - How does he run a day? - 16 miles. A. much B. far C. long D. fast 10. have you been learning English? - For two years. A. How much B. How C. How often D. How long II. Make questions for the underlined part: 1. My mother took me to the museum yesterday. 2. Lan didn’t go to school yesterday because she was ill. 3. I got home at 10 o’clock last night. 10 [...]...4 5 6 7 8 9 10 We went to Dalat for our last summer He left his wallet on the bus Computers have become part of our daily live My sister can sing... scholarship * which: còn thay cho mệnh đề phía trước có dấu phẩy Ex: Neil has passed his examinations, which is good news EXERCISES A Choose the best option 1 No body knows the school ……………my uncle taught 10 years ago a who b whom c which d that 2 This morning I met the girl ……………you were talking about a who b whom c which d that 3 The boy …………mother is an English teacher is very helpful a who b whom c... people You told me about them 8 I couldn't undestand the woman She spoke to me on the phone this morning 9 Where is the lady? She asked for some more tea 10 Do you know the children? They live in that house 11 The man was a famous film star You met him at the party 12 The doctor gave me some medicine for my sore throat... fun of ………………………………… II Choose the correct word between bracket 7 The rich (is / are ) ………… not always happy 8 The poor (is / are )……………not always unhappy 9 The dead never …………….( return / returns ) 10 The lazy can never …………….( succeeds / succeed ) 11 The young ( have / has ) ……………the future in their hand Chapter 8: Reported speech Statements: (Câu phát biểu) EX: She said, “I will come tomorrow”... 7 He said, “I’ll be here again tomorrow.” 8 She said to them, “He’s lived here for four years.” 14 9 Mai said, “I am going away for a few day” 10 Mary said, “I like oranges better than bananas.” Chapter 9: Practice Reading I Read the ideas on the mass media and write (A) if it is advantage and (D) if it is disadvantage of Internet... sometimes costs time and money 7 There are lots of educational programs 8 It is good for old people living alone 9 It limits people from talking to each other People are getting more isolated _10 Many people gain weight when they have no physical exercise _11 Businessmen can introduce and sell their products on-line _12 It makes people’s life easier and enjoyable II Read the passage and answwer... early February It (5) a time for families to clean and decorate their houses , wear new (6) and enjoy special (7) such (8) sticky rice cakes Family members (9) live apart try to be together (10) .Tet IV Fill in the blanks with the given words.(3p) what many written English know friendship like of English is a very(1) language If we (2) useful understand English we can go to any... everyday in (7) countries.English also helps to spread ideas and knowledge to all corners of the world.Therefore,the English language has help to spread better (8) and (9) among countries (10) .the world PHỤ LỤC MỘT SỐ ĐIỂM NGỮ PHÁP CẦN NHỚ 1 USED TO: (§· tõng ) 1.1 Affirmative ( Kh¼ng ®Þnh ) S+ used to +bare infinitive Ex: My father used to be a high school teacher 1.2 Negative: (Phđ... need some more sugar, ……………? 5 You’d better keep quiet, ……………? 6 He used to live near here, ……………? 7 Open it for me, ……………? 8 Let’s sing it again, ……………? 9 He shouldn’t put so much salt in it, ……………? 10 Going swimming in the summer is very interesting, ……………? 9 Gerund : ( V+ ing ) : after some verbs 1) Mind, enjoy, finish, like, dislike, love, hate, avoid, admit (c«ng nhËn, thõa nhËn), deny, keep, . yesterday. 2. Lan didn’t go to school yesterday because she was ill. 3. I got home at 10 o’clock last night. 10 4. We went to Dalat for our last summer. 5. He left his wallet on the bus. . I……………………… …… (study) music when I was at school. 9. They ……………………………… (sell) their house last year. 10. They ………………………….…(walk) to the corner two days ago. 11. Professor T. ………………………….…(teach) another. Spanish. 8. We seldom (eat) __________ before 6.30. 9. Be quiet. The baby (sleep) ____________. 10. Look. A man (run) ___________ after the train. He (want) ___________ to catch it. 11 Tom (like)