!" #$"!% y x mx m= − + − m m !"m#$%#&$#x ! "!% '()*+,-"+. + + + =x x / ()*+,-"+. 0x x m+ + + − = m !"m#()*+,-"+1+,2 ( ) 3 x ∈ − #$&"!% '2()*+,-"+. x y xy x y xy + − = + + = 4516+7&%+7+189-+,11:;+ 1:6;+9<+$1:=+,>&?;+/ #$'&"!% !-+,:(@+,0xy,AB6CD+A03E3 ()*+,-"+)F+,(G+,-+,,1B. 0x y− + = /HC ()*+,-"+)F+,@+,I$+B,/ !J+#JK+,-L1M&6N+,hO+,P,M&+?C( -+,?)F+,-<+6+J+r/ "+1(Q/ABD+QO,G+$A/BC-N+,: 67+QABQBQAM&R(:(@+,OAB?,1 α / S)F+,Q4"+1(/I+,5-N+,4G<+,-<++?C( ,ABQA&=+,,1B/ #$"!% 6T)*+, x y z 5U+. V x y z+ + = /I+,+-N+,. x y y z z x+ + + + + ≤ / WWWWWWWWW()WWWWWWWWW// ""#$ % "" &' "!% *+,# Hm 1X. y x x= − + !YZ. ¡ 0V QB!.y[ Ex x− y[ 0 ( ) ( ) 03 0 3 x y x y = = ⇔ = = − \X+,6C++,6C+%$%#& 0V '$+3](6+,6C+7+ 0V Z!.!G^I+,_3 H`+,a( 0V *+,#!"m#$%#&$#x y[ Ex mx− y[ 0 0 x x m = ⇔ = 0V 41%- 0m ⇔ ≠ 0V 4$%#&$#x ( ) ( ) b 0 bb 0 y m y = ⇔ ⇔ = > 0V \.m X,-;+" 0V "!% *+,#'c!)R+,, Z. 3 x k k π π ≠ + ∈¢ 0V c! ( ) + + x x⇔ + = + ( ) ( ) + / +x x x x x⇒ + = + + 0 + / x x x x x + = ⇔ + = 0V d + 0 x x x l π π + = ⇔ = − + 3 l ∈ ¢ d /+ + 8x x x x x+ = ⇔ + = .H=+,2 0V \+,2c! 0V *+,#B2+&]++,2c!IK+ Z: 3 t x t= + ≥ t x − ⇒ = 0V c! 0t t m⇒ + + − = H ( ) ) 3 3 x t ∈ − ⇒ ∈ 0V c!1+,2 ( ) 3 x ∈ − ⇔ c!1+,2 ) 3 t ∈ ef+,()*+,(( g m+ ≤ − < + 0V \. m− − < ≤ − 0V &"!% *+,#'2c! !hc!;& ( ) ( ) 0 x x y y = ⇒ − − = ⇔ = 0V dHx Oc!&)R 8y = − ± 0V dHy Oc!&)R. x − ± = 0V \+,22.1+,2 0V *+,#\](%+7+ TUO,89)*+,I+,,89#0 I+,;& ij+-+,8-J#^C(9.1 8 C ij+-+,V-J#^C(9.1 V C ij+-+,g<+$#:-J<+$.1 g A H]O1. 8 C / V C / g A 8E0 0V j+5U+O7&;&+)+,10I+,;& !)*+,%1. 8 8 / /C C A 0 0V Q&O-1.8E0k0 0;+]( 0V '&"!% *+,#\](c!)F+,@+, 'jA #^I+,#A>&)F+,(G+,BB !"A &?Z!I$+B 0V !")RA 3 0V D-l*((&OC+Z!I$+B ( ) 03n = r 0V \]()Rc!)F+,@+,.yk 0 0V *+,#!J+#J"+K+,-L =+,IJ+#J.H B/h 0V e2+JO"+K+,-L. 0 V/ / /+ 8 S r= 0V H 0 V + 8 r h 0V *+,&# Y+,1,9:67+:O.'jmn;+)R"+ C&4-7+$+ABBA"1,1,9:67+ :O&O-,&=+,6N+,+&&O-4 4m 4n &O-4G<+,-<++?C(,AB/ 0V e,G+oA+7+&O-A4m@+,+,mG+)F+, $hA, 0V D-B&=+,,1(QAm&O-QA&=+,,1B/ 0V "!% I+,+6p@+,I q(TL+,BZ!=T)*+,. x y+ 33 x y x y x y + + + + + + ≤ = 0V !)*+,%1. 3 y z z x y z z x + + + + + ≤ + ≤ 0V H! ( ) V E x y z+ + + ≤ = &O-M&(I+,+ 0V ep&6N+,^O-. V x y y z x y z z x + = + = ⇔ = = = + = 0V