UNIT 13 FESTIVALS Grammar: 1. COMPOUND WORDS WITH noun – V-ing Hãy nhận xét cách thành lập tính từ ghép trong ví dụ sau: - The people who love peace => The peace-loving people - The story that breaks our heart => The heart-breaking story. Hãy nhận xét cách thành lập danh từ ghép trong ví dụ sau: - Stamp collecting - Window shopping Danh từ ghép có thể được thành lập bởi sự kết hợp giữa một danh từ với một danh động từ. Noun + gerund = compound noun Ex: Noun rice water fire lorry clothes Gerund cooking fetching making driving washing Compound noun rice-cooking water-fetching fire-making lorry-driving clothes washing 2. Causative form (Thể sai khiến) Subject + have + Object (person) + bare -infinitive Nhờ ai / bảo ai làm gì Ex: I had my father repair my bicycle yesterday. She will have her son take her to the airport. 3. REPORTED SPEECH *Direct – reported speech: (Câu trực tiếp- Câu gián tiếp) +Câu trực tiếp: là câu nói được thuật lại đúng nguyên văn lời của người nói. VD:Tom said, “I like reading books”. Note: câu trực tiếp được viết trong ngoặc kép, và ngăn cách với mệnh đề tường thuật bởi dấu phẩy. +Câu gián tiếp: là lời nói được thuật lại với ý và từ của người thuật nhưng vẫn giữ nguyên ý. VD: Tom said he liked reading books. Note: Câu gián tiếp không bị ngăn cách bởi dấu phẩy, dấu ngoặc kép và luôn tận cùng bằng dấu chấm. *Câu trực tiếp và câu gián tiếp bao giờ cũng gồm hai phần: -Câu tường thuật/ mệnh đề tường thuật. -Câu trực tiếp hay câu gián tiếp. Tom said, “I like reading books”. MĐ tường thuật câu trực tiếp Tom said he liked reading books. MĐ tường thuật câu gián tiếp 1 *Những thay đổi khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp : -Đổi ngôi, đổi thì, từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn theo quy tắc. 1-Đổi ngôi: -Ngôi thứ nhất: I, me, my, mine, myself, we, us, our, ours, ourselves được đổi theo ngôi của chủ ngữ ở mệnh đề tường thuật. Tom said, “I like reading books”. > Tom said he liked reading books. -Ngôi thứ 2: you, yours, your, yourself, yourselves được đổi theo ngôi của tân ngữ của mệnh đề tường thuật. He said to me, “You can take my book”. > He said to me (that) I could take his book”. Ngôi thứ 2 được đổi thành ngôi thứ 3 nếu mệnh đề tường thuật không có tân ngữ. He said, “You can take my book”. > He said she could take his book”. -Ngôi thứ ba: he, him, his, himself, they, them, their, theirs, themselves giữ nguyên VD: Mai said, “They can’t finish their homework”. > Mai said they couldn’t finish their homework”. 2-Đổi thì: Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp ta phải lùi 1 thì : Trực tiếp Gián tiếp +Hiện tại đơn +Hiện tại tiếp diễn +Quá khứ đơn +Hiện tại hoàn thành +Quá khứ tiếp diễn +Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn. +Tương lai thường: Will/ shall +Tương lai hoàn thành +Qúa khứ hoàn thành +Các câu điều kiện + Is/am/are going to do + Can/may/must do >Quá khứ đơn >Quá khứ tiếp diễn >Quá khứ hoàn thành >Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn >Tương lai trong quá khứ : Would/ should >would/ could + have + V-pII… > không đổi > không đổi - Was/were going to do - Could/might/had to do Hãy xem những ví dụ sau đây: He does He is doing He has done He has been doing He did He did He was doing He has done He had been doing He had done 2 He was doing He had done He will do He will be doing He will have done He may do He may be doing He can do He can have done He must do/have to do He had been doing He had done He would do He would be doing He would have done He might do He might be doing He could do He could have done He had to do Các thay đổi khác: Các đại từ nhân xưng và đại sở hữu khi chuyển từ lời nóitr ực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi như bảng sau: ĐẠI TỪ CHỨC NĂNGTRỰC TIẾPGIÁN TIẾP Đại từ nhân xưng Chủ ngữ I he, she we they you they Tân ngữ me him, her us them you them Đại từ sở hữu Phẩm định my his, her our their your their Định danh mine his, her ours theirs yours theirs 3-Đổi từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn: Trực tiếp Gián tiếp This These Here Now Ago Today Tonight Tomorrow Yesterday Last night/ week/ month/ year Next week/ month/ year So far / up to now That Those There Then/ at one/ immediately. Before That day That night The next/ following day. The day before/ the previous day The night/ week/ month/ year before hoặc the previous night… The following week/ month/ year. -> Up to then 3 *Các dạng câu trực tiếp chuyển sang câu gián tiếp: 1-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu phát biểu: *Cách chuyển: -Lặp lại từ said/ say. -Bỏ ngoặc kép, bỏ dấu phẩy thay bằng that. -Thay đổi thì, từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn, ngôi cho phù hợp với nghĩa của câu (nếu có) *Công thức: Trực tiếp: S + said, “ Clause” >Gián tiếp: S + said + (that) Clause (lùi thì) VD: Lan said: “I am a student”. >Lan said (that) she was a student. 2-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu cầu khiến, câu mệnh lệnh: *Cách chuyển: -Đổi động từ say >tell, said >told, sau đó thêm tân ngữ vào sau nó. -Bỏ dấu phẩy, dấu ngoặc kép, dấu chấm than, từ please (nếu có). -Đổi đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn (nếu cần thiết) *Công thức: +Khẳng định: Trực tiếp: S + say/ said, “V…” >Gián tiếp: S + tell/ told + O + to + V……. VD: She said, “Close the books, please!” >She told the students to close the books. +Phủ định: Trực tiếp: S + say/ said, “Don’t + V…” >Gián tiếp: S + tell/ told + O + not + to + V……. VD: She said, “Don’t sit down!” >She told me not to sit down II-practice: I. Matching Nấu cơm Nhóm lửa Lấy nước Leo núi Xây nhà Cắm hoa arranging- flowers water- fetching house - building rice - cooking fire - making mountain - climbing II. Match the following setences in column A and the use the words in the box to fill in the suitable blanks in column B. A B 1. Thank to the invention of the it is a 2. Don’t come near that animal because would you like to go on a with me to Da Lat? 3. I want to make my shirt quickly women have to more free time to enjoy themselves. 4. If you have enough free time, is very strong 5. Thailand Can I borrow your ? III. Do the following crossword. Look at the clues to help you. 4 Across: a. An something we use to control the temperature and humidity of the air in the room. b. A machine: this machine hepls us to make our clothes. Down: c. A machine: we use it to wash clothes. d. A teacher: a person whose job is to teach how to dance. e. A tiger is a animal. f. A tour: a tour on which people visit beautiful places and admire the landscape. g. A contest: people cook rice in this contest. IV. Chon đáp án đúng: 1) He said to her, “Give up smoking!” A. He told her to give up smoking. B. He told her not to give up smoking. C. He told her if she gave up smoking. D. He told her to giving up smoke. 2) He told them, “Don't tell me such a nonsense!” A. He told them not to tell him such a nonsense. B. He told them to tell him such a nonsense. C. He told them not to tell them such a nonsense. D. He told them to tell them such a nonsense. 3) Will and Tim said, “ We were very happy about the present.” Will and Tim said they ____ very happy about the present. A. had been B. been C. were D. were being 4) Sarah said, “ My Mom takes me to school every day.” A. Sarah said her Mom took her to school every day. B. Sarah said her Mom takes her to school every day. C. Sarah said my Mom took her to school every day. D. Sarah said her Mom takes me to school every day. 5) Helen said, “ I’m watching the late night show.” Helen said ____ the late night show. A. they were watching B. you watched C. she was watching D. Helen is watching V. Imperatives : Mệnh lệnh Direct speech Indirect speech Affirmative Imperative khẳng định V 1 + …… Mike said to Henry, “Give me my book back, please.” S+ told / asked B + to + V 1 + …… Mike told Mary to give him his book back. Negative Imperative phủ định Don’t + V 1 + …… "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said. S+ told / asked B + not + to + V 1 + …… She asks the boys not to play on the grass. B. Practice: I. Change into reported speech: (Affirmative Imperatives: ) He said to me:” Let’s go to the zoo.” → ………………………… ………………………………………………… She said to the passer-by:” go straight ahead for two blocks and turn left.” → ………………………… ………………………… She said to her classmate:” Be quiet, please!” → ………………………… 5 The teacher said to his student:” Write these sentences.” → ………………………… …………………………… She said to me:” behave to your parents as your friend tells you.” → ………………………… … He said to us, "Run more quickly." → He ………………………… ………………… The mother said to her son, “ move here, please.” → The mother ………………………… ……………… My sister said to me, “ Open the window.” → My sister ………………………… ……… II. Change into reported speech: Negative Imperatives: 1. He said to me:” Don’t make a noise.” → ………………………… ……………………………………………… She said to the passer-by:” Don’t turn left at the two blocks ahead.” → ………………………… ………………………… She said to her classmate:” Don’t talk in class.” → ………………………… ………………………………… The teacher said to his student:” Don’t touch that new board.” → ………………………… ………………………………… She said to me:” Don’t believe everything your friend tells you.” → ………………………… …………… He said to us, "Don't go too far." → He ………………………… …… The mother said to her son, “ Don’t put off your coat, please.” → The mother ………………………… ………… My sister said to me, “Don’t open the window.” → My sister ………………………… … VI. Questions in indirect speech Direct speech Indirect speech 1. Yes / No questions 1. “Do you know My Son, Nga?” Nhi asked. 2. “Is My Son far from Hanoi? Nhi asked. 3. He said, “Will you be here tomorrow?” 4. “Is there a post office near here?” she asked me. 1. S+ asked B + if / whether + S + V 2 + …… = Nhi asked Nga if/ whether she knew My Son. = Nhi asked Nga if/ whether My Son was far from Hanoi. = He asked if/ whether she would be there the next day. = She asked me if/ whether there was a post office near there. 2. Wh_questions 1. He said, “Where is she going?” 2. He said, “Where does she live?” 3. “Who lives next door?” 2. S+ asked B + Wh- / How + S + V 2 + …… = He asked where she was going. = He asked where she lived. = He asked who lived next door. B. Practice: I. Change into reported speech: (Wh- / How questions: ) 1. “Where are you going?” Lan asked. Lan asked me………………………… …… 2. “How far is it from HCM to Vung Tau?” A tourist asked. A tourist asked me………………………… ……… 3. “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Hoa………………………… … 4. “How do you go to the airport?” His friend asked him………………………… …………… 6 5. “Where do you learn English?” She asked Lan………………………… 6. “What aspect of learning English do the students find most difficult?” The teacher asked me………………………… ……… 7. “What time do schools begin?” He asked………………………… ………………… 8. “How long will you stay in England?” Tam’s friend asked him………………………… 9. “What do you think about language learning?” Ba asked his sister………………………… …… 10. “Why is she crying?” Thu asked Hoa………………………… … II. Change into reported speech: (Yes / No questions: ) 1. “Do you like sports?” Hoa asked Lan………………………… ……… 2. “Does Hoa play soccer?” Lan asked Thu………………………… 3. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” She asked her friend………………………… 4. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan………………………… 5. “Do you need an umbrella to go out?” He asked me………………………… 6. “Have you worked here before?” She said to him …………………………………………………………………………………………… 1. “Do you have to work on Saturday?” she said to him .………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. “Does your room have a window?” she asked .………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Would it be alright if I had the day off?” she said to her boss. .………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Can you borrow your pen please, HA? She asked .………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. he asked me “Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?” .………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. “Do you know where my tennis racquet is, Mum?” she asked her Mum. .………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. “Was Ha at work yesterday?” she her secretary .………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. “Were your children at home last night?” he said. .………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. “Did you read the article about Prince Diana?” she asked him .………………………………………………………………………………………… VII. Change into reported speech: 1. She said:” I can’t find my umbrella.” → ……………………………………………………………………… 2. Tom said:” My friend is coming next week.” → …………… ………………………………………………… 3. We said:” We shall overcome this difficulty.” → ……………………… …………………………………………………………… 4. The boy said to the neighbor:” I’m going on holiday tomorrow.” → ………………… ………………………………………………………………… 5. The teacher said to his class:” You will have to finish all these exercises before next week.” → …………………………………………………………………………… 7 6. Peter said:” I enjoy looking at myself in the mirror.” → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock.” Nam said………………………… …………………………………………………… 8. Lan said “I will be very busy tomorrow.” Lan said…………………………………………………………………………… 9. Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week.” Thu said……………………………………………………………………………… 10. Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks.” Phong said………………………… ……………………………………… VIII) A new student ,Paul, has come to a foreign language college and the students are asking him questions . Imagine that he reports these questions later to an English friend . 1) “What country do you come from?” said Bill Bill asked 2) “Can you speak English ? said Ann. Ann 3) “ How long are you staying here ? “ asked Peter . Peter 4) “ Are you working as well as studying ? “ said Linda. Linda 5“What are you going to studying ?” asked Ann. Ann 6) “Do you want to buy any second hand books ? “ said Bill. Bill 7)” What kind of sports do you like best ?” asked Peter. Peter 8) “ Are you interested in acting? “ said Linda . Linda 9) “ Do you like to join our Drama group?” asked Linda Linda 10) “ What do you think of the canteen coffee ?”asked Ann . Ann IX. Rewrite these sentences: 1. Minh said:” Please buy me a new book, Mom.” 2. Hoa said to her brother:” Please help me with my homework.” 3. I said: “Open your book , please,Miss Nga.” 4. Mr An said:” Please don’t make noise in class, Tom.” 5. “ Keep quiet during class time , Hoa” said Nam 6. He said :” Can you give me a pen , Tom.” 7. “Can you help me with my homework tomorrow? Hoa” Anh said 8. “ Can you turn off the TV , Marry” I said 9. “ Can you retell the story ,Hoa” Lan said 10. She asked Binh:” Could you show me the way to Hoi An ,please.” 8 11. He said :’ Tan , you should practise speaking English everyday.” 12. She said :” We should read this sentence more carefully, Hung.” 13. “You should prepare your lesson before going to school, Na.” Tam said 14. He said: “ You should spend more time on your English, Miss Lien.” 15. Minh said:” You shouldn’t use your car too much time” ………………………………………………………………………………………………… * Statements : Câu khẳng định John said to me “I saw you yesterday” -> Mary said to me that he had seen me the previous day -> Mary told me that he had seen me the previous day I . Complete the sentence the reported sentences 1. I do the task. -> He said he ……………………………………… the task. 2. I am doing the task . -> He said he ………………………………… the task. 3. I have done the task. -> He said he ……………………………… the task. 4. I did the task. -> He said he ……………………………………… the task. 5. I had done the task. -> He said he ……………………………………… the task. 6. I will do the task. -> He said he ……………………………………… the task. 7. I will be doing the task. -> He said he ……………………………………… the task. 8. I was doing the task-> He said he ……………………………………… the task. 9. I can do the task. -> He said he ……………………………………… the task. 10. I could do the task. -> He said he ……………………………………… the task. 11. I met her. -> She said she …………………………………… her 12. I can go now. -> He said he ……………………………… then 13. The girl looks familiar. -> I said the girl …………………………. familiar 14. Mary was watching TV now. -> She said Mary …………………………… TV then 15. They have left. -> She said that they …………………………………………… 16. She bought a new bicycle. -> He said she ………………………………… a new bicycle. 17. She would do that if she could -> I said she …………………… that if she 18. We are playing games. -> The children said they ………………………… games. 19. I had done that before yesterday afternoon. -> she said she ………………. The before yesterday afternoon. 20. I don’t like her. ->He said he …………………………………… her. 21. I don’t know him. -> She said she …………………………………… him 22. I can help you. -> He said he ………………………………… me. 23. I haven’t finished my exercises -> he said that he ………………………… his exercises. 24. I will phone you later. -> He said he ……………………………………… her later. 25. I nust go now ->he said he ……………………………………… then. II. Complete the sentences 1. I like you. -> She said to me she liked …………………………… 2. I love you -> He said to her he loved ………………………………. 3. I should go out. -> He said to them …………………………. 4. You should tell me the truth about the plan. a. He told me to tell ……………… the truth about the plan b. I advise you to tell ………………………. The truth about the plan. 5. Your house is nice but ours is nicer. a. They said to me that ……………………. House was nice but ………………… was nicer b. They said to her that …………… house was nice but ………………… was nicer c. We said to them that ………………………… house was nice but ………… was nicer. d. We said to him that ……………… house was nice but ………… was nicer 6. This is my son -> She said that was ……………………… son 7. You should go out -> He said to me …………………should go out 9 8. You should go out -> She said to him ………………should go out 9. You should go out -> he said to her…………………should go out 10. You should go out -> she said to them…………………should go out. III. Report the following STATEMENTS 1. The BBC announcer said “The new underpass is being officially opened tomorrow” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Miss Linda said “This is the first time I’ve been to this place” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. They said “We have a lift but very often it does not work” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. The builders explained “We like working on Sundays because we get doubled pay” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. They said “We live here in Marsden Street” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. The instructor said “We will have to finish the job” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. They said to us “We’re arriving at your house at nine” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. Marry said “You can come and stay at my flat if you are ever in London. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. He said to me “You are looking much better” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. He said “Ann will be in Paris on Monday” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 11. He said “I can’t find my hat” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 12. He said “I’ll be using the car myself on the 24 th ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 13. He said “I’m going to the cinema tomorrow” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 14. He said “I’m living in Paris now” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 15. He said “My wife has been made a judge” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 16. He said “She is coming this week” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 17. I said to him “Your car has been stolen” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 18. She said “My father died a year ago” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 19. She said “He couldn’t understand me well” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 20. She said to me “I’ll come as soon as I can” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 21. The soldiers said proundly “We’re willing to die for this country” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 22. They said “We’ll fight for peace until our last breath” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 23. She said “We were thinking of selling the house but we have decided not to” ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 . nhận xét cách thành lập danh từ ghép trong ví dụ sau: - Stamp collecting - Window shopping Danh từ ghép có thể được thành lập bởi sự kết hợp giữa một danh từ với một danh động từ. Noun + gerund. UNIT 13 FESTIVALS Grammar: 1. COMPOUND WORDS WITH noun – V-ing Hãy nhận xét cách thành lập tính từ ghép. tomorrow? Hoa” Anh said 8. “ Can you turn off the TV , Marry” I said 9. “ Can you retell the story ,Hoa” Lan said 10. She asked Binh:” Could you show me the way to Hoi An ,please.” 8 11. He