Grade 12 SUBJUNCTIVE VERBS & WOULD RATHER PART A A subjunctive verb is used to express - (1) conditional tenses, most of which involves would and were. (2) wishes and demands, the construction of which follows two strict rules (a) that always comes right after the verb, and (b) the second verb is always in the infinitive form and should is always omitted. The second use of a subjunctive construction 1). The following verbs are used with such a construction to express importance (in such moods only). Also remember that such verbs have other forms of usage (followed by to infinitive, for example) when used in other moods. ask propose demand recommend desire request insist require prefer suggest . urge e.g The Indian government demanded that the UK pay compensations for damages of the Indian embassy. 2. Nouns derived from subjunctive verbs above are also used with the construction. demand recommendation insistence request preference request proposal suggestion e.g The UK is considering the proposal that it pay compensations for damages of the Indian embassy. 3. The adjectives below are also used to express subjunctive moods - Page 1 Grade 12 SUBJUNCTIVE VERBS & WOULD RATHER essential imperative important necessary e.g: It is essential that the UK pay compensation for the Indian government for the damages of the Indian embassy. How to apply on Gmat questions: The Forton-Dodd bill requires that a bank disclose to their customers how long they will delay access to funds from deposited checks. A.that a bank disclose to their customers how long they will delay access to funds from deposited checks B. a bank to disclose to their customers how long they will delay access to funds from a deposited check. C. that a bank disclose to its customers how long it will delay access to funds from deposited checks D. a bank that it should disclose to its customers how long it will delay access to funds from a deposited check E. that banks disclosed to customers how long access to funds from their deposited check is to be delayed Answer and Explanation - Ans - C. D, E - Subjunctive mood rules violated. In D, requires a bank that it should is ungrammatical; requires that a bank is the appropriate idiom. In E, the use of the passive construction is to be delayed is less informative than the active voice because the passive does not explicitly identify the bank as the agent responsible for the delay B, like D and E, illogically shifts from the plural customers and funds to the singular check, as if the customers were jointly depositing only one check A, C - are all fine in the subjunctive rules while B conforms with the use of require someone to do something. The next point to choose the answer is a pronoun reference. Their and they in A and B do not agree with singular noun bank so these two choices get eliminated also. Bảng sau là những động từ đòi hỏi mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định và trong câu bắt buộc phải có that trong trường hợp đó. advise ask command decree Page 2 Grade 12 SUBJUNCTIVE VERBS & WOULD RATHER demand prefer require insist propose stipulate move recommend suggest order request urge Động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể không chia bỏ to. Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định đặt not sau chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể bỏ to. Subject + verb + that + subject + [verb in simple form] + The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking. The doctor suggested that his patient not stop smoking. Câu 45: Susan’s doctor insists ______ for a few days.( trích đề thi ĐH 2009) A. that she is resting B. her resting C. that she rest D. her to rest Nếu bỏ that đi thì chủ ngữ 2 sẽ trở về dạng tân ngữ và động từ sau nó trở về dạng nguyên thể có to, câu mất tính chất giả định, trở thành một dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp. The doctor suggested his patient to stop smoking. The doctor suggested his patient not to stop smoking. Trong ngữ pháp Anh-Anh trước động từ ở mệnh đề 2 thường có should, người Anh chỉ bỏ should khi sau nó là động từ to be nhưng ngữ pháp Anh-Mỹ không dùng should cho toàn bộ động từ ở mệnh đề 2. Dùng với tính từ. Bảng sau là một số các tính từ đòi hỏi mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định, trong câu bắt buộc phải có that và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ to. advised necessary recommended urgent important obligatory required imperative mandatory proposed suggested Lưu ý rằng trong bảng này có một số tính từ là phân từ 2 cấu tạo từ các động từ ở bảng trên. Nếu muốn cấu tạo phủ định đặt not sau chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể bỏ to. It + be + adj + that + S + [verb in simple form] It is necessary that he find the books. It is necessary that he not find the books. It has been proprosed that we change the topic. It has been proprosed that we not change the topic. Page 3 Grade 12 SUBJUNCTIVE VERBS & WOULD RATHER Nếu bỏ that đi thì chủ ngữ 2 sẽ biến thành tân ngữ sau giới từ for, động từ trở về dạng nguyên thể có to và câu mất tính chất giả định trở thành dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp. It is necessary for him to find the books. It is necessary for him not to find the books. It has been proprosed for us to change the topic. It has been proprosed for us not to change the topic. Lưu ý: • Câu giả định dùng với 2 loại trên thường được dùng trong các văn bản hoặc thư giao dịch diễn đạt lời đề nghị từ phía A -> B mà không có tính bắt buộc. • Không chỉ có động từ và tính từ mới được dùng theo dạng này, tất cả các danh từ xuất phát từ những động từ và tính từ trên đều buộc mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định, nếu như nó diễn đạt các yếu tố trên. There is suggestion from the doctor that the patient stop smoking. It is recommendation that the vehicle owner be present at the court PART B WOULD RATHER Cách sử dụng would rather phụ thuộc vào số lượng chủ ngữ của câu cũng như thời của câu. 1 Loại câu có một chủ ngữ Loại câu này dùng would rather (than) là loại câu diễn tả sự mong muốn hay ước muốn của một người và chia làm 2 thời: 1.1 Thời hiện tại: Sau would rather là nguyên thể bỏ to. Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định đặt not trước nguyên thể và bỏ to. S + would rather + [verb in simple form] Jim would rather go to class tomorrow than today. Jim would rather not go to class tomorrow. 1.2 Thời quá khứ: Động từ sau would rather phải là have + P2, nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định đặt not trước have. S + would rather + have + [verb in past participle] Jim would rather have gone to class yesterday than today. Jim would rather not have gone to the class yesterday. 2 Loại câu có hai chủ ngữ Loại câu này dùng would rather that (ước gì, mong gì) và dùng trong một số trường hợp sau: 2.1 Câu cầu kiến ở hiện tại (present subjunctive): Page 4 Grade 12 SUBJUNCTIVE VERBS & WOULD RATHER Là loại câu người thứ nhất muốn người thứ hai làm việc gì (nhưng làm hay không còn phụ thuộc vào người thứ hai). Xem thêm về câu cầu khiến ở phần sau. Trong trường hợp này động từ ở mệng đề hai để ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ to. Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định đặt not trước nguyên thể bỏ to. S1 + would rather that + S2 + [verb in simple form] I would rather that you call me tomorrow. He would rather that I not take this train. Ngữ pháp nói ngày nay đặc biệt là ngữ pháp Mỹ cho phép bỏ that trong cấu trúc này mà vẫn giữ nguyên hình thức giả định. 2.2 Câu giả định đối lập với thực tế ở hiện tại Động từ sau chủ ngữ hai sẽ chia ở simple past, to be phải chia là were ở tất cả các ngôi. S1 + would rather that + S2 + [verb in simple past tense] Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does. (His girlfriend does not work in the same department) Jane would rather that it were winter now. (Infact, it is not winter now) Câu 42: “I’d rather you______ home now.” A. going B. go C. gone D. went ( trích đề thi ĐH 2009) Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định dùng didn't + verb hoặc were not sau chủ ngữ hai Henry would rather that his girlfriend didn’t work in the same department as he does. Jane would rather that it were not winter now. 2.3 Câu giả định trái ngược với thực tế ở quá khứ Động từ sau chủ ngữ hai sẽ chia ở dạng past perfect. Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định dùng hadn't + P2. S1 + would rather that + S2 + past perfect Bob would rather that Jill had gone to class yesterday. (Jill did not go to class yesterday) Bill would rather that his wife hadn’t divorced him. Would rather (thích hơn ) có 2 công thức cần lưu ý : 1) Would rather + động từ nguyên mẫu Ex: I would rather study English ( tôi thích học tiếng Anh hơn ) 2) Would rather + mệnh đề (giảm thì ) Page 5 Grade 12 SUBJUNCTIVE VERBS & WOULD RATHER Mệnh đề đi sau Would rather phải giảm thì xuống ( động từ giảm xuống 1 cột ) Ex: 1)We would rather that you would call tonight. Ta thấy tonight là dấu hiệu của thì tưong lai ,đáng lẽ chia là will call nhưng giảm thì xuống thành would 2)We would rather that you had callled last night. Ta thấy last night là dấu hiệu của thì quá khứ ,đáng lẽ chia là called Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form 1. I’d rather you ______(not/drive) so fast, Pat 2. Sue went to France this year, but she says she would rather ______ (go) to Spain. 3. It’s a shame you missed the party; I would rather you ______ (be) there. 4. John had better ______(not/speak) to me like that again. 5. He says he’d rather ______ (cook) his own food than eat in restaurants. 6. I’d rather you ______ (not/mention) this to anyone until next week. 7. Tim’s mother would rather he ______ (work) closer to home than he does. 8. Greg says he would rather ______( not/leave) things as they are. 9. She would prefer to meet you personally rather than ______ (talk) to you over the phone. 10.Sean prefers playing football to ______ (watch) it. 11.Would you rather ______ (write) in ink or in pencil? 12.Sheila prefers ______ (get up) early in the morning rather than ______ (oversleep) 13.Would he prefer ______ (drive) to work tomorrow rather than cycle? 14.I would rather ______(speak) directly to the manager than ______(deal) with his rude secretary as I did. 15.My father prefers to have a beard rather than ______(have) a shave every day. 16.Tom prefers ______ (ski) to ______(skate). 17.Wouldn’t you prefer to sit on this seat rather than ______(stand) for the whole journey? 18.We’d better ______ (take) some money for a taxy in case we ______(miss) the bus home. 19.We would rather ________ (stay) at home tonight. 20.Mr. Jones would rather ________ (stay) at home last night. 21.The policeman would rather ________ (work) on Saturday than on Sunday. 22.Maria would rather that we ________ (study) more than we do. 23.George would rather ________(not study) tonight. 24.The photographer would rather ________ (have) more light. 25.The photographer would rather that we ________ (stand) closer together than we are standing. 26.Carmen would rather ________ (not cook) for the entire family. 27.She would rather that you ________ (not arrive) last night. 28.John would rather ________ (sleep) than worked last night. Choose the correct option. Page 6 Grade 12 SUBJUNCTIVE VERBS & WOULD RATHER 29.She eat a salad than a hamburger. (would rather /prefer) 30.They dogs. They don't like cats. (would rather /prefer) 31.I stay home today. (would rather /prefer) 32.We watching basketball. (would rather /prefer) 33.Usually people warm weather. (would rather /prefer) 34.I buy the blue shirt. (would rather /prefer) 35.Why do you going out with Tom? (would rather /prefer) 36.I have the meeting at 6 pm. (would rather /prefer) 37.Normally, we going to the beach. (would rather /prefer) 38.I watch the football game. (would rather /prefer) Page 7 . ý : 1) Would rather + động từ nguyên mẫu Ex: I would rather study English ( tôi thích học tiếng Anh hơn ) 2) Would rather + mệnh đề (giảm thì ) Page 5 Grade 12 SUBJUNCTIVE VERBS & WOULD RATHER Mệnh. SUBJUNCTIVE VERBS & WOULD RATHER 29.She eat a salad than a hamburger. (would rather /prefer) 30.They dogs. They don't like cats. (would rather /prefer) 31.I stay home today. (would rather. + P2. S1 + would rather that + S2 + past perfect Bob would rather that Jill had gone to class yesterday. (Jill did not go to class yesterday) Bill would rather that his wife hadn’t divorced him. Would