It’s difficult to speak English fluently.. Gerund – Infinitive: động từ thêm –ING và động từ nguyên mẫu • Qui tắc chung: thông thường hai động từ cách nhau bởi “ TO”.. Những động từ
Trang 1+ V-ing + Ved/3
ƠN TẬP THI HKII – TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 I
The uses of tenses : (cách sử dụng thì)
1 Câu khẳng định:
1 Simple Present -I, We, You, They + Vo
-He, She, It + Vs / es ( Be -> Am/ Is/ Are )
Always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely,
every (day, week, year, …)
2 Simple Past
last (night, week, year,…)
3 Simple Future -I, We + Shall + Vo
-S + Will
Tomorrow, next (week, year,…), in(2010), …
4 Present
Continuous
-I + Am -He, She, It + Is + V-ing -We, You, They + Are
Now, rightnow, at the moment, while + th/ gian ở hiện tại,
At present, Look !, Listen !
5 Past Continuous
-I, He, She, It + Was -We, You, They + Were
At (10 a.m yesterday), While + th/ gian ở quá khứ
6 Present Perfect -I, We, You, They + Have
-He, She, It + Has
Since, for(+th/ gian), just, yet, already, ever, never, recently,…
7 Past Perfect
-S + Had + Ved/ 3
Before, by the time , After, …
2 Câu phủ định và câu nghi vấn:
1 Simple Present S + Do + Not + Vo
+ Does Do + S + Vo … ?Does (V:động từ thường)
2 Simple Past S + Did + Not + Vo
Did + S + Vo … ? (V:động từ thường)
3 Simple Future S + Will + Not + Vo
Shall
Will + S + Vo … ? Shall
4 Present Cont S + Am + Not + V-ing
Is/ Are
Am + S + V-ing … ? Is/ Are
5 Past Cont S + Was + Not + V-ing
Were
Was + S + V-ing ? Were
6 Present Perfect S + Have + Not + Ved/ 3
Has Have + S + Ved/ 3 … ?Has
7 Past Perfect S + Had + Not + Ved/ 3 Had + S + Ved/ 3 … ?
• Thì hiện tại đơn : +Ves khi động từ tận cùng là S, Sh, Ch, X, O, Z
Ex: He watches T.V every night
II Passive Voice: (Thể bị động)
1 General Formation :(Công thức tổng quát)
Active:
( Ved/ 3 = Past participle )
của câu chủ động )
S + BE + Ved/ 3 +
By O
Trang 2
2 Công thức thể bị động của các thì:
1 Hiện tại đơn S + Am/ Is/ Are + Ved/ 3 + By O
2 Quá khứ đơn S + Was/ Were + Ved/ 3 + By O
3 Modals
( will/ shall/ can/ may/ must/
would/ should/ could/ might …)
S + Will + Be + Ved/ 3 + By O Shall
Can …
4 Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + Am/ Is/ Are + Being + Ved/ 3 + By O
5 Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + Was/ Were + Being + Ved/ 3 + By O
6 Hiện tại hoàn thành S + Has/ Have + Been + Ved/ 3 + By O
III Comparison: ( So sánh )
1 So sánh bằng:
Ex: - He is as tall as his friend
- John drives as carefully as Tom
2 So sánh hơn:
Ex: - He is taller than his friend
John drives more carefully than Tom
3 So sánh nhất:
Ex : - This is the longest river in the world
- Spring is the most beautiful season of the year
• Short adj/ adv ( Tính từ ngắn/ trạng từ ngắn): đọc chỉ có một âm tiết (Ex: tall, hot, fast, …)
• Long adj/ adv ( Tính từ dài/ trạng từ dài ): đọc có từ hai aa6m tiết trở lên (Ex: famous, beautiful, carefully, … )
• Một số ghi chú trong so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất:
1 Tính từ ngắn:
a Tận cùng là một phụ âm, đứng trước nó là một nguyên âm (a, e, I, o, u) -> thì ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm –ER hoặc EST
Ex: Hot -> Hotter -> The hottest ( Nóng)
b Tận cùng là –E thì ta chỉ thêm –R hoặc –ST
Ex: Large -> Larger -> The largest ( Rộng)
c Tận cùng là –Y, đứng trước nó là một phụ âm thì ta đổi –Y thành –I trước khi thêm
-ER hoặc –EST
Ex: Dry -> Drier -> The driest ( Khô)
2 Tính từ có hai âm tiết: tận cùng là –Y, -LE, -OW, -ER thì được dùng như tính từ ngắn (tức là thêm –ER hoạc –EST)
Ex: Happy -> Happier -> The happiest ( Hạnh phúc)
Simple-> Simpler -> The simplest( Đơn giản)
AS + adj/ adv + AS
Short adj/ adv + -ER
+ THAN MORE + long adj/ adv
Short adj/ adv + -EST
THE +
MOST + long adj/ adv
Trang 3Narrow -> Narrower -> The narrowest ( Hẹp) Clever -> Cleverer -> The cleverest ( Khéo léo)
• Một số bất qui tắc trong so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất:
So sánh hơn So sánh nhất
-Good
-> Better -> The best ( Tốt) Well
-Bad
-> Worse -> The worst ( Xấu, tệ) Badly
-Much
-> More -> The most ( Nhiều) Many
-Little -> Less -> The least ( Ít)
-Far -> Farther -> The farthest ( Xa)
Further -> The furthest
* So sánh hơn -> So sánh không bằng:
Ex: - A horse is stronger than a dog -> A dog is not as strong as a horse
- A car is more expensive than a bicycle -> A bicycle isn’t so expensive as a car
- Iron isn’t so precious as gold -> Gold is more precious than iron
IV The structure: “ It’s + Adj + To infitive …” ( Thật là …)
Ex:a- To lie on the beach all day is wonderful
It is wonderful to lie on the beach
b- Speaking English fluently is difficult
It’s difficult to speak English fluently
c- It’s easy to find the notice board in the hall
To find the notice board in the hall is easy
V Prepositions: (giới từ)
( at, in, on, of,for, about, by, up, with, without, …)
• Time (Thời gian)
2 In + năm Ex: in 1985
+ tháng in May + mùa in Summer
3 On + thứ trong tuần Ex: on Monday
+ tháng, ngày on September 5th
S1 + Be + short adj+ -ER + THAN + S2
MORE+ long adj
S2 + Be + Not + AS + adj + AS + S1
SO
To V … + is + adj
V-ing… + is + adj
-> It is + adj + to V
Trang 4+ tháng, ngày, năm on April 30th, 1975.
4 Since + thời điểm Ex: since 1990 ( thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
For + khoảng thời gian for 2 years
5 From to Ex: from 1995 to 2000 ( từ đến )
• Place (Nơi chốn):
1 At + nơi nhỏ, hẹp Ex: at home, at school
2 In + nơi rộng lớn in HCM city, in England, in the world
3 -In the middle of (ở giữa) - In front of (ở trước )
-In the centre of (ở trung tâm) - On the top of ( ở trên đỉnh)
• Manner (thể cách):
1 By + phương tiện đi lại Ex: by car ( plane, train, ship )
2 By + O ( bởi, passive voice) Ex: America was discovered by Columbus
3.-On foot ( đi bộ)
• Direction – Motion ( Phương hướng- Chuyển động):
1 In the North ( South, East, West) : ở phía Bắc ( Nam, Đông, Tây )
2 On the left ( right ) : ở bên trái ( phải)
3 -From ( từ) - To ( đến ) -Into ( vào trong)
• Some expressions:
-to take part ( in) : tham gia vào
- to be interested ( in) : thích, quan tâm
- to check ( in) : đăng ký
- to be fond ( of) : thích
- to be proud ( of) : tự hào về
- to remind ( of) : gợi nhớ về
- to even ( up) : san bằng ( tỉ số)
- to talk ( about) sth : nói về
- to tell ( about ) sth : kể về
- to look ( at) : nhìn Ngắm
- to look ( for) : tìm, kiếm
- to look ( after) : chăm sóc
- to be good ( at) : giỏi về
- to be bad ( at) : dở về
- to be afraid ( of) : sợ, e ngại
VI Gerund – Infinitive: ( động từ thêm –ING và động từ nguyên mẫu )
• Qui tắc chung: thông thường hai động từ cách nhau bởi “ TO”.
Ex: She wants to see her friend
- Advise
- Ask
- Tell
- Beg
Ex: My mother advises me to get up early
• Một số ngoại lệ:
1 Những động từ được theo sau bởi “gerund”:
- Keep
- Enjoy
- Prefer
- Practice
- Mind
Ex: The children kept talking about the acrobats
2 Những động theo sau bởi “gerund” hoặc “ to infinitive”:
Trang 5- Like
- Start
Ex: Do you like reading novels ?
to read
3 Giới từ ( in, at, on,of,…) + V-ING
Ex: English people are fond of watching football
4 Thể truyền khiến ( causative form):
- Have + S.O + V ( active)
- Have + S.T + Ved/ 3 ( passive)
- Make + O + V
Ex:- I have my brother repair my bicycle
- They had their suitcases taken upstairs to their rooms
- The clown made us laugh a lot
5 Used to và be used to:
- Used to + V : đã thường (ở quá khứ và không còn nữa)
- Be used to + V-ING: quen với
Ex: - Mr Brown used to take his children to the zoo
- My mother is used to getting up early
MỘT SỐ ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUI TẮC THÔNG DỤNG
( Nguyên mẫu )
V2 ( Quá khứ )
V3 (Quá khứ phân từ)
Nghĩa Việt
Trang 626 Grow Grew Grown Trồng, mọc
32 Learn Learnt/ learned Learnt/ learned Học
VII So that …
(quá … đến nỗi…) Ex: Lan was very busy She couldn’t go to the movies with us
-> Lan was too busy that she couldn’t go to the movies with us
VIII Such that
Ex: a- She is a beautiful girl Everybody admires her
-> She is such a beautiful girl that everybody admires her
b- It was hot tea I couldn’t drink it
-> It was such hot tea that I couldn’t drink it
c- They are interesting books We want to look at them again
-> They are such interesting books that we want to look at them again
SO + adj/ adv + THAT + clause
SUCH + a(n) + adj + Noun + THAT + clause
Trang 7IX Too to
1 Khi cùng chủ ngữ:
( quá không thể ) Ex: a- She ran very slowly She couldn’t catch the train
-> She ran too slowly to catch the train
2 Khi khác chủ ngữ:
Ex: The questions are very difficult We can’t answer them.
-> The questions are too difficult for us to answer.
X Enough to
1 Khi cùng chủ ngữ:
( đủ để có thể ) Ex: He is strong He can carry this table
-> He is strong enough to carry this table
2.Khi khác chủ ngữ:
Ex: Those shoes are large You can wear them
Those shoes are large enough for you to wear
EXERCISE
*Rewrite the following sentences as directed in parentheses:
1 The weather was bad I had to stay at home ( so that)
2 New York was a very big city Jane was lost in it (such that)
3 The policeman ran fast He could catch the thief (enough to)
4 The dress is so dirty She can’t wear it ( too to )
5 The play was interesting It attracted many people (double comparative)
6 The house is large My family can live in it ( enough to)
7 My grandmother is very weak She can’t lift the box (too to )
8 The lesson is difficult We try hard (double comparative)
9 My neighbours are very bad persons They make noise all day (such that)
10 He spoke very fast I didn’t understand him (so that)
CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP
I Put the verbs in the correct forms ( tenses):
1 Mr Alan ( work ) for that company since 1990
2 She ( not take ) _ music lessons last Sunday
3 The thief ( go ) away before the police came
4 I ( receive ) _ your letter about two weeks ago
5 My mother always ( get ) _ up early
TOO + adj/ adv + TO Vo
TOO + adj/ adv + for O + TO Vo
Adj/ adv + ENOUGH + To Vo
Adj / adv + ENOUGH + for O +
To Vo
Trang 86 When we came, they ( build ) a new library.
7 What you ( do) _ now ?
8 It’s raining heavily I wish it ( stop) _ raining
9 If you go to the party, I ( come) _ with you
10 Most children enjoy ( read ) _ picture- books
II Turn these sentences into Passive Voice:
1 She can speak English
2 Taxis and buses are taking tourists around the city
_
3 Did he translate this novel into Vietnamese last year ?
4 He hasn’t finished his homework yet
5 Mr Brown doesn’t take his children to the circus today
_
6 When did Columbus discover America ?
_
7 Someone has just carried the Olympic torch to the stadium
8 The interviewer will ask you a lot of questions
9 They were cutting grass when the car stopped near the gate
10 I meet John at the bus-stop every morning
1/ English can be spoken
2/ Tourists are being taken around the city by taxis and buses
3/ Was this novel translated last year?
4/ His homework hasn’t been finished yet
5/ Mr Brown’s children aren’t taken to the circus today
6/ When was America discovered by Columbus?
7/ The Olympic torch has just been carried to the stadium
8/ You will be asked a lot of questions by the interviewer
9/ Grass was being cut when the car stopped near the gate
10/ John is met at the bus stop every morning
III Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition:
1 English people are fond _ football
2 Are you interested _ picture- books ?
3 She often stays home Sundays
4 Don’t tell your sister _ that news
5 The pupils often go _ school _ bicycles
6 The first May Day meeting was held _ 1890
7 Are you afraid _ swimming in the sea ?
8 My brother is good English
9 My uncle lives _ Ho chi minh city
10 The boy was born a very rich family
IV Give the correct form of the adjectives or adverbs in brackets:
1 He is ( young ) than I am
2 She is ( old ) _ as my sister
3 Mary is the ( beautiful ) _ girl in her class
4 Which is ( big ) _, France or Thailand ?
5 Maths is ( difficult ) than History
6 A Ford isn’t ( comfortable ) _ as a Mercedes
Trang 97 This is the ( powerful) _ machine in the whole factory.
8 Your watch is ( good ) than mine
9 She walks ( slowly ) as Betty
10 Nobody is ( happy ) than Jane
V Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one :
1 Mary hasn’t returned my book yet
My book ………
2 Her house is bigger than mine
My house ………
3 To find a job at my age is difficult
It’s ………
4 Mai is younger than Lan
Lan ………
5 My parents sent me to school when I was six years old
I ………
6 To get acquainted with the regulation in a new school is easy
It’s ………
7 A bicycle isn’t so expensive as a motorbike
A motorbike ………
8 The principle doesn’t write this letter
This letter ………
9 Smoking a lot is harmful
It’s ………
10 Mary is making a birthday cake in the kitchen
A birthday cake ………
1/ hasn’t been returned by Mary yet
2/ isn’t as big as hers
3/ difficult to find a job at my age
4/ isn’t as young as Mai
5/ was sent to school when I was six years old
6/ easy to get acquainted with the regulation in a new school
7/ is more expensive than a bicycle
8/ isn’t written by the principle
9/ harmful to smoke a lot
10/ is being made in the kitchen by Mary
VI Read the following passage and then answer the question below :
Nowadays every high-school in Ho Chi Minh city has its own library Nam’s school library is not
as big as other public libraries but it is well-equipped with a variety of books On open shelves we can find such kinds of books as fiction, non-fiction, textbooks, newspapers and magazines
On Saturday mornings and during the break Nam and his friends often go to the library to read books and newspapers Miss Lan, the librarian, is always at her desk to show them how to use the library cards when they want to borrow some reference books from the library The school library helps Nam and his friends a lot in their study
* Questions: 1 Is Nam’s school library smaller or bigger than other public libraries ?
2 2 When do Nam and his friends often go to the library ?
3
4 3 Is the school library helpful ?
5
PUT THE VERBS IN THE CORRECT TENSES
1 The weather ( be )……… very bad yesterday.
2 My mother always ( get ) ……… up early.
3 Tom ( see ) ………his classmates at the party tomorrow.
4 He ( give ) ………me the letter a few minutes ago.
5 They ( make ) ……… a lot of furniture next month.
Trang 106 Peter and Alice ( learn ) ……… French for two years.
7 You ( finish ) your ……… homework yet?
8 Please don’t say anything while I ( learn ) ……… my lesson.
9 Tomorrow I ( put ) ……… our presents on that table.
10 My friend ( never see ) ……… that sight.
11 My uncle ( live ) ………in HCM city since last year.
12 He always ( stay ) ……… in bed late on Sunday morning.
13 Peter and Daisy ( be ) ……… born in 1978.
14 My sister always ( wash ) ……… her hands before meals.
15 Look! The dog ( run ) ………after him.
16 Smith and Bobby ( read ) ……… books at this moment.
17 Tom ( repair ) ……… his bicycle last Friday.
18 Mary and I ( not watch ) ……… TV last night.
19 I ( just buy ) ………a new shirt.
20 My brother came in while Tom and I ( play ) ……… chess.
21 Mr Pike ( work ) ………in this factory for ten years.
22 Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia ( be ) ……… tropical countries.
23 HCM city ( be ) ………the largest city in Vietnam.
24 Where you ( go ) ……… last night ?
- I ( go ) ……… to the cinema.
25 What you ( do ) ……… every morning ?
26 You ever (be ) ………to Russia ?
27 We ( not meet ) ……… him two days ago.
28 Uncle Ho ( die ) ……… in 1969.
29 Mr Johnson ( stay ) ……… in London now.
30 How she ( go ) ………to school every day ?
- She ( go ) ……… to school by bicycle
1/ was 2/ gets 3/ will see 4/ gave 5/ will make 6/ have learnt 7/ have you finished 8/ am learning 9/ will put 10/ has never seen 11/ has lived 12/ stays 13/ were 14/ washes 15/ is running
16/ are reading 17/ repaired 18/ didn’t watch 19/ have just bought
20/ were playing 21/ has worked 22/ are 23/ is 24/ did you go – went 25/ do you do 26/ Have you ever been 27/ didn’t meet
28/ died 29/ is staying 30/ does she go - goes