I have tried hard but I can’t earn enough money.. Although I have tried hard, but I can’t earn enough money.. Although I have tried hard, I can’t earn enough money.. In spite of I have t
Trang 1PART A Choose the corecct option:
1 I came back I'd forgotten my briefcase
a) because b) because of c) so that d) to
2 I cannot come the weather
a) because b) because of c) so that d) to
3 I wanted to go to the Show see what was new
a) because b) because of c) so that d) to
4 I'm going there find out
a) because b) because of c) so that d) to
5 Let's visit them see what they are doing
a) because b) because of c) so that d) to
6 I'm asking you I want your opinion
a) because b) because of c) so that d) to
7 The flight was cancelled the snow
a) because b) because of c) so that d) to
8 I'm afraid I can't come I'm already tied up on that date
a) because b) because of c) so that d) to
9 I went there I could see for myself what the problem was
a) because b) because of c) so that d) to
10 I know that he told me
a) because b) because of c) so that d) to
11 He arranged the meeting we could discuss the problems
a) because b) because of c) so that d) to
12 I phoned you tell you the good news
a) because b) because of c) so that d) to
Supply either because or because of as appropriate
1 We postponed our holiday because of the bad weather
2 We can't go to the cinema because it isn't open today
3 He had to give up work because of his daughter's illness
4 We have to leave this accommodation because it costs too much
5 Because of the high cost, we have to leave this accommodation
6 We stopped playing tennis the rain {because of}
7 It was all her that we got into trouble {because of}
8 We had to hurry indoors it was raining {because}
9 I am late the traffic {because of}
10.We didn't arrive until seven o'clock the traffic was terrible {because}
11.She found the exam easy she had worked hard during the course {because}
12.He can't drive his illness because of
13.The restaurant closed down the recession {because of}
14.He found working in Japan very difficult the language problem {because of}
15.He's very difficult to understand his accent {because of}
16.They moved to Liverpool her job {because of}
17.There have been a lot of problems in Britain mad cow disease {because of}
18.They came to London he got a job there {because}
19.He crashed his car he was driving too fast {because}
20.He lost his driving licence he was convicted of drinking and driving {because}
Trang 221.She could only eat a salad in the restaurant she is a vegetarian {because}
22.The newspaper was prosecuted an article about the Government {because of}
23.It was difficult to deliver the letter _ the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope
24.We decided to leave early _ the party was boring
25.Rescue attempts were temporarily halted the bad weather
26.They visited their friends often they enjoyed their company
27.Paul cannot go to the football game _ his grades
28.Marcella was awarded a scholarship _ her superior scholastic ability
29.Nobody ventured outdoors the hurricane warnings
30.We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains the air is purer there
31.We have to drive around the bay the bridge was destroyed in the storm
32.The chickens have died the intense heat
Change the sentences to incorporate the expressions in parentheses
1 Despite her dislikes for coffee, she drank it to keep herself warm (although)
2 Mary will take a plane, even though she dislikes flying (in spite of)
3 In spite of Marcy’s sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile (although)
4 We took many pictures though the sky was cloudy (despite)
5 Despite her poor memory, the old woman told interesting stories to the children (even though)
6 Though he has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test (in spite of)
7 Nancy told me the secret despite having promised not to do so (though)
8 We plan to buy a ticket for the drawing although we know we will not win a prize (even though)
9 Inspite of the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movies every Saturday (even though)
10 He ate the chocolate cake even though he is on a diet (in spite of)
Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given:
1 I have tried hard but I can’t earn enough money
A Although I have tried hard, but I can’t earn enough money
B Although I have tried hard, I can’t earn enough money
C In spite of I have tried hard, I can’t earn enough money
D Despite I have tried hard, but I can’t earn enough money
2 Although she felt jealous, she tried to hide her feelings
A Despite feeling jealous, she tried to hide her feelings
B Despite her jealousy, she tried to hide her feelings
C She tried to hide her feelings in spite of she felt jealous
D A & B are correct
3 Although he took a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert
A Bill arrived late for the concert because he takes a taxi
Trang 3B Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi
C In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert
D Although Bill took a taxi, he can’t come to the concert in time
4 In spite of his suffering from a bad cold, William went to school
A Although he suffers from a bad cold, William went to school
B Although he suffered from a bad cold, William went to school
C William went to school although he is suffering from a bad cold
D William went to school; he suffered from a bad cold although
PART B
I Paying attention to the meanings of the sentences, and to the presence of inverted word order, fill in the blanks with the correct coordinate conjunctions chosen from the pairs given in brackets For example:
I would like to come, _ I do not have time (but, nor)
I would like to come, but I do not have time
He has not written, _ has he called me (but, nor)
He has not written, nor has he called me
1 I opened the door _ looked out (and, yet)
2 She was not in the back yard, _ was she upstairs (or, nor)
3 The sun had set, _ it was still light outside (or, yet)
4 Do you know his address _ telephone number? (but, or)
5 He has not arrived yet, _ have they (and, nor)
6 I read the book, _ did not understand it (but, or)
7 We searched diligently, found nothing (or, yet)
8 I invited him _ his friends (and, but)
Answers
1 and 2 nor 3 yet 4 or 5 nor 6 but 7 yet 8 and
II Paying attention to the expressions used in the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the words and,
but also, nor, or, than, then and when, as appropriate For example:
We should either walk quickly take the bus
We should either walk quickly or take the bus
I had scarcely sat down the telephone rang
I had scarcely sat down when the telephone rang
1 I have both respect _ admiration for them
2 Hardly had I finished reading over the problem, _ the answer leapt to my mind
3 It will rain either today _ tomorrow
4 He could not decide whether to tell the truth _ keep silent
5 It was not only a beautiful day, _ the first day of Spring
6 If you follow the instructions, you should have no difficulty
7 He is neither proud _ condescending
8 What with one thing _ another, it was very late by the time we left the house
9 No sooner had I opened my eyes, _ I remembered where I was
10 Scarcely had I heard the news, _ my friend arrived
11 I do not know whether he has seen the movie before not
Trang 412 I would rather wait here _ risk missing the bus
13 She could find the book neither at the Library, _ at the bookstore
14 No sooner had I opened the window, _ a butterfly flew into the room
15 The crowd was both large _ enthusiastic
Answers
1 and 2 when 3 or 4 or 5 but also 6 then 7 nor 8 and 9 than 10 when 11 or 12 than 13 nor 14 than 15 and
III Paying attention to the meanings of the sentences, fill in the blanks with the correct subordinate conjunctions or similar expressions chosen from the pairs given in brackets For example:
I went for a walk _ the sun was shining (because, otherwise)
I went for a walk because the sun was shining
Do you know _ the stores are open today? (as if, whether)
Do you know whether the stores are open today?
1 We recognized her at once, we had not seen her for years (although, in case)
2 He kept reading _ he fell asleep (for, until)
3 The moon will rise the sun sets (as soon as, than)
4 It looks the train will be late (while, as though)
5 she got her degree, she became a teacher (After, Than)
6 We will not go skiing the weather is good (as if, unless)
7 he left, he made sure he had his keys with him (Before, For)
8 I told the truth, you would not believe me (Even if, So that)
9 They have known her _ she was a child (until, since)
10 I must leave now, I have a great deal of work to do (as, than)
11 What shall we do it rains? (or else, supposing)
12 you read this book, you would be sure to enjoy it (If, Until)
13 The door was open, we could hear everything (in case, so)
14 I studied more he did (than, whereas)
15 We packed a lunch, we knew we would soon be hungry (lest, for)
16 I will join you, the weather is fine (providing, than)
17 he is very busy, he is seldom at home (Or else, Because)
18 We must hurry, _ we will be late (so that, or else)
Answers
1 although 2 until 3 as soon as 4 as though 5 After 6 unless 7 Before 8 Even if 9 since 10 as 11 supposing 12 If 13 so 14 than 15 for 16 providing 17 Because 18 or else
IV For each of the following sentences, paying attention to the structure of the sentence, fill in the blank with either the conjunction or the preposition given in brackets For example:
_ my warning, they went ahead with their plan (Although, Despite)
Despite my warning, they went ahead with their plan
the sun was shining, the water was cold (Although, Despite)
Although the sun was shining, the water was cold
The price of oranges is high, frost damage (because, because of)
The price of oranges is high, because of frost damage (because, because of)
I went to see the play, _ it had good reviews (because, because of)
Trang 5I went to see the play, because it had good reviews (because, because of)
1 We stayed up late, we were tired (although, despite)
2 They went swimming, the coldness of the water (although, despite)
3 I enjoy the course, the professor is a good teacher (because, because of)
4 She looks _ your sister (as if, like)
5 Please wait _ I make a phone call (during, while)
6 Did you hear any noises the night? (during, while)
7 It looked we would not be able to leave until the next day (as if, like)
8 We all felt tired the hot weather (because, because of)
9 I read a book _ I was waiting (during, while)
10 Her eyes shone _ stars (as if, like)
11 They managed to work together, _ their differences of opinion (although, despite)
12 I left home early, I had to do several errands (because, because of)
13 He speaks about the subject he were an expert (as if, like)
14 We rested the hottest part of the day (during, while)
15 she lost her way twice, she arrived safely (Although, Despite)
16 their interest in comets, they decided to study astronomy (Because, Because of)
Answers
1 although 2 despite 3 because 4 like 5 while 6 during 7 as if 8 because of 9 while 10 like 11 despite 12 because 13 as if 14 during 15 Although 16 Because of
V Paying attention to the meanings of the sentences, fill in the blanks with the correct connecting adverbs chosen from the pairs given in brackets For example:
Will you come with me? _ I shall have to go alone (Also, Otherwise)
Will you come with me? Otherwise I shall have to go alone
She is kind _, she is rather forgetful (However, Consequently)
She is kind However, she is rather forgetful
1 The work was new to me , it did not seem difficult (Consequently, Nevertheless)
2 Continue along Queen Street turn left (Then, Therefore)
3 It was very misty , we could not get a clear view of the mountain (Hence, However)
4 We had walked several miles , we did not feel tired (Accordingly, Still)
5 She is a talented actress , she is very beautiful (Moreover, Thus)
6 We take the bus every day , we are familiar with the bus route (Nevertheless, Thus)
7 The child was sleepy , we went home early (Otherwise, Therefore)
8 The food was delicious _, the service was excellent (Likewise, Nevertheless)
9 We looked everywhere _, we could not find the keys (However, Thus)
10 The book is long _, the vocabulary is difficult (Consequently, Furthermore)
11 Luckily, the moon was bright , we could not have seen the path (Accordingly,
Otherwise)
12 He is old _, his mind is still active (Nonetheless, Therefore)
Answers
1 Nevertheless 2 Then 3 Hence 4 Still 5 Moreover 6 Thus 7 Therefore 8 Likewise 9 However 10 Furthermore 11 Otherwise 12 Nonetheless
VI Paying attention to the structure of the sentences, fill in the blanks with the conjunctions or connecting adverbs given in brackets Make sure that the sentences conform to the rules of correct formal English For example:
Trang 6It was very hot , we decided to go swimming (Consequently, So)
It was very hot Consequently, we decided to go swimming
It was very hot, we decided to go swimming (Consequently, So)
It was very hot, so we decided to go swimming
1 I have invited him , I have invited his sister (Also, And)
2 He walked up to the door knocked (and, likewise)
3 The bus fare is expensive; , I prefer to walk (so, therefore)
4 She is well-educated , she has very good manners (And, Besides)
5 I would rather travel by train, _ the bus leaves earlier (but, however)
6 We were born in this village; , we know everyone here (hence, so that)
7 Put less wood on the fire, _ it will be too smoky (or, otherwise)
8 They got off the train they began to search for a hotel (And, Then)
9 She studied for many months; , she knew the material thoroughly (consequently, so that)
10 The weather was hot; , the air was humid (and, moreover)
11 Please come with us, I can introduce you to my friends (thus, so that)
12 The sun was warm, a cool breeze blew in from the sea (but, however)
13 I have read this book before; , I do not remember the plot (but, however)
14 They were hot tired (also, and)
15 The door was locked; , we would have waited inside (or, otherwise)
16 I have known her for many years; , I understand her character well (so that, thus)
17 We opened the window fresh air would blow into the room (consequently, so that)
18 He is ignorant; , he is lazy (and, furthermore)
19 They visited many stores; _, they could not find what they were looking for (but, however)
20 You should go to sleep now, you will be tired tomorrow (or, otherwise)
21 I was worried; _, I was determined not to show it (but, nevertheless)
Answers
1 Also 2 and 3 therefore 4 Besides 5 but 6 hence 7 or 8 Then 9 consequently 10 moreover 11 so that 12 but 13 however 14 and 15 otherwise 16 thus 17 so that 18 furthermore 19 however 20 or
21 nevertheless
VII The following sentences are incorrect, because they contain correlative conjunctions, but do not use parallel construction Rewrite the sentences correctly, using parallel construction For example:
He owns both a typewriter and he has a word processor
Corrected: He owns both a typewriter and a word processor
I prefer either to read or going hiking
Corrected: I prefer either to read or to go hiking
1 The train proceeded neither quickly nor was it smooth
2 They will leave either today or they will go tomorrow
3 The child hates both getting up in the morning and to go to bed at night
4 She is neither kind nor has patience
5 He is not only talented, but also he has charm
6 The street is lined with both oak trees and there are elm trees
7 The lecture was not only very long but also it was very dull
8 You should either eat less, or should exercise more
9 I am not only proud to be here, but also feel happy to meet you
Trang 710 The town is both historical and it is picturesque
Answers
1 The train proceeded neither quickly nor smoothly
2 They will leave either today or tomorrow
3 The child hates both getting up in the morning and going to bed at night
4 She is neither kind nor patient
5 He is not only talented, but also charming
6 The street is lined with both oak trees and elm trees
7 The lecture was not only very long but also very dull
8 You should either eat less, or exercise more
9 I am not only proud to be here, but also happy to meet you
10 The town is both historical and picturesque
VIII The following sentences are incorrect, because they present lists of ideas, but do not use parallel construction Rewrite the sentences correctly, using parallel construction For example:
The air was cool, dry, and was clear
Corrected: The air was cool, dry, and clear
He has started making kites and to fly them
Corrected: He has started making kites and flying them
1 We walked out of the door, down the steps and went across the street
2 She loves singing, dancing and to play the piano
3 The wind moaned, shrieked and was howling
4 The music was fast, brilliant and sounded exciting
5 He proposes to borrow money, open a store and going into business
6 The town boasts four libraries, two theaters and there are many schools
7 The clouds were thick, black and looked threatening
8 He likes running, jumping and to ride a bicycle
9 They worked carefully, quickly and were quiet
10 The vegetables were fresh, tender and tasted delicious
Answers
1 We walked out of the door, down the steps and across the street
2 She loves singing, dancing and playing the piano
3 The wind moaned, shrieked and howled
4 The music was fast, brilliant and exciting
5 He proposes to borrow money, open a store and go into business
6 The town boasts four libraries, two theaters and many schools
7 The clouds were thick, black and threatening
8 He likes running, jumping and riding a bicycle
9 They worked carefully, quickly and quietly
10 The vegetables were fresh, tender and delicious