THI HÓA 2010 (TT CHÙA BỘC HN)

rRUNG rAnr BDvF{ rxsAruc LoNG ild g{xdh/g TRA ruOA FGT E : 2S1s Sd 6 - Chria tsdc - He Ndi Thdi gian: 90' 9au 1: Khi b6n ruOng bing phAn dam ure thi nudc trong rudng c6 pH: A.=7. B.>7. C.<7. D.Ktrdngx6cdinh. CAu 2: Trong_sd cdc -chdt sau:_Axit axetic, Axit lactic ( ctl, - cH - cooH ), Axit oxalic, GlyxOrol, Glucozo', Mantozo c6: cH. I A. 2 chat don chrlc 3 chdt da chrlc I chdt tap chrfc. B. I chdt don chrlc 2 chdt da chrlc 3 chd't tap chtlc. C.2 chdtdon cl.ilfc 2 chdt da chirc 2 chdt tap chtfc. D. 1 chd't don chrlc 3 ch{t da chrlc 2 chdt tap chrlc. C_6u 3: Khrl holn todn27,84 gam'bEt oxit s6t bang CO du & nhiOt d0 cao thAnh Fe kim loai, PhAn rlng xong thdy khdi lugng chdt rin glim7,68 gam. Cdng thrlc oxit sat ti: . A FejOa. B. FeO. C. Fe2O3. D. FeO ho6c FerO3. Cau 4: Ddt chdy hoiLn todn 1 mol mQi loai cht't b6o thdy ng6, - nHrO = 4. Hidro h6a hohn todn 1 mol chAt b6o tr0n cdn sd mol H2 tdi thidu ld: A. 2 mol. B. 3 mol. C. 4 moi. D. 5 mol. eail5: Dung dich NaHSAotdc dung duo.c vdi bao nhiOu chdt trong sd c6c chdt sau: Fe Fe3Oa Cu_ CaCO3 NaHCO3 NaNO3 Na2S Na2CO3 A.4 cha't. 8.5 chat. C. 6 chdt. D.7 ehdt. CAu 6: Khi dd hidrat h6a ancol X C4HeOH thu duoc Iso-propylen ( 2-metylpropen). Sd CTCT ' c6 ttrd c6 cira X th: j*) " A. i. 8.r,2. C. 3. D.4. Ceu 7: Khi cho cr)ng rnOt lugtrg Fe th a garn tan hdt trong HCI vl tan hdt trong HNO. du thi khdi lugng mudi clorua vd khdi luong muoi nitrat cira sit chOnh nhau Id 46 gam. Gi5 tri cria a li: A.5,6 gam. B. 11,2 gam. C. 14 gam. D.22,4 gam. CAu 8: H6n hgp A gdm andehit oxalic (CHO-CHO), Axit axetic (CHI-COOH) vd Etylenglycol (C2Ha(OH)z ) c6 M= 59 dvC. Ddt ch6y holn tohLn 0,2 mol A thi cdn sd mol 02 toi thidu lh: A. 0,35 rnol. B. 0,3 mol. C. 0,25 mol. D. 0,2 mol. CAU 9: Cho hgp kim Mg + Fe + Ag r').o dung dich CUSO*, sau ph6.n rlng thu duoc h6n hW 3 kim ioai thi 3 kim loai ld: A. Cu Ag Mg. B. Cu Ag Fe. C. Cu Mg Fe. D.Mg Ag Fe. Ciu L0: 4 este sau cirng c6 cong thrlc CoHrOr: . HCOO - CH, - CH" - CH. HCOO - !1- a*r CH3COO - CzHs C2H'COO - CHr CH: (3) (1) (4) (2) H6n hop X gdm 3 este trong sd 4 este fien. Thty phAn X duo. c h6n hgp 3 ruou. Dun h6n hqp 3 ruou rren v6i HrSOo dac 1700C chi thu duo. c I anken duy nhdt. 3 esre trong X ld : A. (1) (2) (3). B. (i) (2) (4). C. (2) (3) (4). D. (1) (3) (4). CAu 11: Nhiet phAn hohn toin 1 lugng MHCO3 ( M la 1 kim loai kidm) thu duo. c chdt r6n c6 khdi luo. ng bang 69 o:/o khdi lugng MHCO3 ban ddii. M ld: A. Li. B. Na. C, K. D. Rb. CAu 12: 7,2 gamh6n hqp nhidu axit cacboxylic t6c dung vila vin vdi a mo! NaOH taora9,4 gam h6n hop mudi Na. Gi:i tri ctra a ld: A. 0,1 rnoi. B. 0,12 mol. C. 0,i5 mol. D. 0,18 mol. t {"{F'f'A; I CAu 13: Cho I mieng Na vlo dung dich HCl, thdy c6 H2 bay ra vh cdn lai dung dich A. Dung l dich A c5 pH: A. > t. B. <7. C. =7. i'Di Khong xdc dirrh dtioc' Cau 14: 6,9 gamh6n hqp C2H5OH + HCOOH tdc dung v6i Na du thi thd tich H2bay ra 6 dktc lh: A.2,241it. B. 1,68 lit. C.l,l2lit. D' 3,36lft' CAu 15: Nhiet phAn holLn todn 1 iugng Cu(NOa)2, sau phin rnrg thdy khdi luong chAt rin giAm tp8 g"* so vdi ban ddu. Khf sinh ra cho hdp thu hdt trong nudc thinh 2 lit dung dich A. Dung dich A c6 pH bang: A. 1. CAu16:Nungl,Tgamh6nhqp gdmCyHy+C2H4+H2 trongbinhkinc6xrictr{cNiduo.ch6n hqp X. Ddt chdy hobrr toi.n X du-o. c 5,28 gam CO, vh m (Sam) H2O' Gid tri cfra m l): L.2,34 gam. B. 1,8 gam. C. 3,6 gam' D' 5,4 gam' CAu 17: Day chat nho sau dAy (cirng n6ng dQ Cy) duo. c s6p xdp theo chidu g14$-r ddn d0 pH: A. NaHSO4 Na2CO3 NaHCO3 Na2SOa. B. Na2CO3 NaHCO3 Na2SOa NaHSOa. C. NaHCO3 Na2CO3 Na2SOa NaHSOa. D. Na2CO3 Na2Spa NaHCO3 NhH-sO+' Ciu 18: Ddy chat nlro sau dAy duoc sip xdp theo trAt tlllr-tet d6 sOi tang ddn: A. H2CO H4CO HzCOz. c. H4co H2co H2co2. B.2,5. c.3. D.4. B. H2CO H2CO2 H4CO. D. H}CO| H2CO H4CO. c.3. D.0,85. 8.2. 8.0,75. CAu L9: Hda tan h6n hqp gdm a(g) Cu v) b(g) Mg vlo dung dich H2SO4 d4c, n6ng, thdy c6 khf SO2 bay ra vd cdn lai dung dich a, ffong d6 ndng dQ Vo cuaZ mudi ih bang nhau. Ti sd ? c6 si| ,b trl: A. 1,5. D.2. Cdu 20: |.€n men 150 kg dudng glucozo v6i hiOu sudt 60Vo. Luqng rugu sinh ra dem pha v6i HrO duoc 100 lir cdn. Bidt C2H5OH c6 khdi luong ri0ng la 0,8 B/ml. Dung dich cdn c6 d0 ruou li: A.64(' B. 62,50. c. 57,50. D.54,50, CAu 21: H6n hqp khi gdm CO + CzH+ c6 M = 28 dvC th\Vo thd tich cdc khi id: A. 5A7o vd 50Vo. B. 60Vo vd 40Vo. C. 309o vd7Tvo. 'S t<trOng x6c dinh dugc. Chu22: m(g) Axit axetic t6c dung v6i Na du sinh ra V (Iit) Hz. m(g) Axit oxalic t6c dung vdi Na du sinh ra V'(lft) Hr. Cdc thd tfch 6 ctng didu kiOn. t ^, V lv so - la. ,V' A.0,5. c.0,8. CAu 21: Dien phAn 100 gam dung dich NaOH I8,2 Va trong 9650s, I = 10 A thi sau khi diOn ph&n, dung dich NaOH c6 ndng d0: A. l6vo. B. I9Vo. C. 20Vo. D. 22Vo. Cku?A: Thtry phan I tAn chi't beo cdn 180 kg NaOH nguyOn chdt. Khdi luong xd phbng chitaS}Vo xh phbng nguy€n chdt thu duo. c lh: A. 1300,5 kg B. 1302,5 kg. C. 1'305,5 kg. D. 1308,5 kg. CAu 25: Nung h6n hqp gdm NaHCO. + KHCO' + Ca(HCO.), tdi phAn rlng hohn toin duoc h6n hqp A gdm 3 muoi cacbonat trung tfnh vi 7 ,2 gam nu6c. Cho A t6c dung v6i HCI du thi thu duoc Vco, 6 dktc ld: C. 3,36lir. A. 8,96lir. 8.6,72\it. D.2,24Lit. C u ?-: Khi ddt chdy hohn io}Ln 1 axit hfru co dcnr chftc thd,y norpo = nCo, thi axit d6 phii ld: .4. No. B. Kh6ng no, C. C5 hai nguy€n tti C.D. C6 4 ngu),gn irl H. Cdv 2L Cho kim loai R c6 h5a tri kh6ng ddi vdo dung dich H2SO4 df,c du, thdy tao ra 0,03 mol SO2. Ndu cho R tan hOt trong dung dich HNO.' thi sd mol NO ll (cdc khf ddu lh sAn phdm khri duy nhdt): A.0,01. 8.0,02. D.0,04. CAu ?8: Oxi h6a 3,3 gam andehit don chrlc X bang oxi, thu duo. c 4,9 gam h6n hqp A gdm axit vd andehit du. Cho A ti4c dung vdi AgNO, duAtrH. thi kh6i lugilg Ag sinh ra lh: A.25,92 gam. B. 16,2 gam C.23,76 garn. D. 21,16 gam. Chu 29t Trong cric phd'n tmg gita c6c chdt sau, c6 bao nhiOu phin rlng vira tao ra chdt kdt tfra vila iao khi bay ra: (1)- NH4HCO. + Ba(OH)2. (2)- NaHSO, + Ba(HCOs)2. (3)- dd FeCl. + dd Na,COr, (4)- Ure + dd nudc vOi trong. A. 1 phAn fng. B. 2 phAn ri'ng. C. 3 phAn ung. D. 4 phAn fng. CAu 30: Trong c1.c ddy sau, d6.y trong do tdt ch cdc chdt ddu i6c dung duoc vdi NaOH ld: A. CHjCOO-CHj CHjCOOH CFI3COONa CHOH. B. C6H5OH QH5CI cll3coo-qH5 qHsNH2. c. cHjcooNH4 cH3cooH cf{jcoo-cHj cH3NH3cl. D. QH5'=CFIO C2H5NH2 qHscl qH5NH?C1. CAU 31:Cho dung dich h6n hgp chrla 0,12 mol NaOH + 0,04 mol Ba(OH), tdc dung v6i dung dich chrla 0,03 mol Al2(SO4)j thi khdi luqrg kdt tria sinh ra li: A. !2,44 gam. B. 13,96 gam. C.3,I2 gam. D. 4,68 gam. CAU 32: Ddt ch6y holLn toh:n 1 amin bAc 1, dcUrhgc" R-NH2 thu duoc 0,02 mol N2. Mat khdc fuong imin trdn ph6.n rlng vta van vdi aun-iai"tr "hrla 0,03 mol H2SOa, thu duoe 4,74 gzm CAU 38: Ddt chdy hodn tolLn 0,1 mol mOt duoc vuot qu6 8 gam. Ankan li: c.0,03. C. S. ankan mach h& 6 rhd khi c. c5Hr2. D. qHsNH2. D. N. thdy khdi luq,irg HrO thu D. C6Hr4. mudi. C0ng thrlc amin lh: A. C6H5NH2. B. C3H7NH2. C. CH3NH2. CAu 33: Trong cdc thi nghi0m sau, thi nghiOm nho xdy ra dn mbn diOn h6a: A. Cho midng Fe vlLo dung dich H2SO4lodng.B. Cho mieng Fe vio dung dich CuSOo. C. Cho midng Cu vdo dung dich FeSOo. D. Cho midng Cu vho dung dich Fe2(SOo)j. CAu 34: Didu nio lh sai khi so siinh cdc chdt prOtit, gluxir, lipit: A. Chi c6 prOtit chrla nito trong phAn tr}. B. Ddu c6 sin trong thidn nhicn. C. C6 thd le polyme hoac kh6ng phii ld polyme.D. Ddu tham gi4 phAn ung thtry phan. CAu,.35: Hba tan 6,4 gam Cu vio dung dich hdn hqp axit lodng chita},Z mol HNO, + 0,02 mol FI2SO4, phAn ring tao ra sAn phdm khrl duy nhdt lh NO bay ra. PhAn ring xdy ra hodn toiLn, c0 can dung dich sau phAn r1ng, thu duo. c x mol Cu(NO.), vi y rnol CuSOo. Gi6 tri cira x vd y ld: A. 0,06 vd 0,02. B. 0,07 vi 0,02. C. 0,05 vi 0,01. D. 0,08 vh 0,02. CAU 36: Ddt chdy hod.n toin m (gam) h6n hgp nhidu andehit don chfc, no, mach h& cdn 8,96 lit Ot (dktc). SAn phdm chdy cho qua binh drlng dung dich Ca(OH), du thdy tao ra 30 gam kdr tua. Gi6 tri cira m lh: A.4,8 gam. B. 5,8 gam. C. 6,8 gam. CAU 37: Cho so d6 sau: X + H, = 6 X+02=S Thi X li nguyen to nio nonf"ult?r"r*frfll2o D.7,8 gam. A. Fe. B. C. A. C3H8. B.CoH,n. cau 39: Thdi mgt ludng co di qua Fero. nung n6ng. duo, c h6n hqp A g6m Fe, FqO, Fe'tOo, F%O,,e V Gir) CO, ctr'o AtilcO,lng *ti HrSOo du_,. .d49, n6ng thu dugc.dun_g-dich chi chrla f"rtSOrl, uecO V'1iir) SO, bay ra'(c6ckhi 6 cnng didu kiQn). Quan h0 gita V vh V' ld: ,d.V=V'. - B.V<V'' C'V>V'' D'V>V'' CAu 40: H6n hqp A gdm a mol CH.OH vd. 2a mol CO. Tidn hhnh phAn ung tdng hqp cH.cooH: cH.oH+co ScHjqooH Sauphinrlngduo.ch6nhqpBc6Me=32dvC'Hiii\isuatph&nrlngli: A 40 Vo. B' 30 Vo' ' C' 60 Vo' D'25 Vo' cAu 41: PhAn tmg nhi0t phan: 4FeSO4 =2Fe2o3 + 4so2 +o2 c6: Cdu 422 Ddy chdt nho sau dAy duoc s6p xdp theo trAt tl*qiu* ddn tinh bazo" cuHrNH, cH3NH2 ' hlH3 cH1ryE3cl. B. CH.NH.CI NHj CHjNH2 CgH5ryHz c. NH3 cHlNH2 C6H5NH2 CH3NH3CI. D. CHJ\rH, M, C.HrWgr CHjNH3CI. CAu 43: H6n hqpX g6m 2 kim loai kidm c6 ctng sd rnol. Hda tan 2,3 gam X trong 50 gam Hp ttri tttu duoc-52,2 gu*dung dich. Hai kim 1o-4i-kidm lI: ' A. Li vINa. - B. Na vl K C. Li vd K D' Na vd Rb' CAu 44: Ddt ch6y hoin tohn 1,11 gam"h6n hqp 2 este dQng p!a1 "lu 43y, ddu tao bfi axit no do" "h,i. vd ruou no don chrlc. Snn phdm chdy cho qua dung dich Ca(OH)2 du, thdy sinh ra 4,5 gam kdt ttra. 2 este ld: A. HCOO-QH. v) CH3COO-CH'. B. CH.COO-CrHs vh CtH5COO-CH.' c. Hcoo-c;H, va cH.coo-c;Hs. D. HCOO-C3H7 vh C2H5COO-CFI?. CAu 45: Nung 1 moi CuOiOs)z trong binh kin dpg 2 mol CO thi sau phan rkrg trong binh c6: A.2molNOr+ 2molCO2. B.zmolNO2+ l molCO+ l molCO2. C.2molNOr+2molCO. D.2molNOr+lmolCO+0,5molCO2. CAu 46: DOt chdy hohn toi'n a mol 1 ruou no, mach h& cdn b mol Qz, thu dugc c mol CO, vh d mol H2O thi bidu thrlc nlLo sau ddy 1u0n dring A.b=c+d. B.a=d-c. C.a=b-c. D.d=a+b. Cdu 472 MOt binh kin chrla hidrocacbon X n+ng 46,5 gam. Trong cDng didu kiOn trOn, ndu binh .ttffi{H',n ihi "an nang 54,5 gam, cbn nOu binh chrla CHo thi cin nAng t4 gam X c6 CTPT lh: A.'brHr. B. crHo. c.QHu. D. c.H8. Ciu 48: Dung dich A chrla x mol AlCla. Th€m vlo dung dich A 0,03 mol ho6c 0,15 mol NaOH thi Adu thu duo. c lugng k6t tria nhu nhau. Gid tri cta x ld: A.0,02. 8.0,04. c.0,06. D. 0,08. CAu 49: C6 bao nhigu phan ring trong cdc phin ring sau ddu thdy tao ra kdt ttra,'sau d6 kdt tfia c6 h.2 chtitkht, 1 chdt oxi h6a. C. 1 chdt kht, I chdt oxi h6a. 8.2 eht{t kht, 2 chdt oxi hda. D. 1 chdt kht, 2 chdt oxi h6a' (2)- AlCl? + NH' + HrO. (3)- NaAlOr + HCI + HrO. 6)- ZnAz+ NaOH. (6)- ZnCl2+ NH. + HrO. (8)- SO2 + Ca(OH)2. (9)- CUCIz + NH. + HrO. ttrd Ui hba tan hdt: (1)- Alclj + NaOH. (4)- NaAlO, + CO2 + HrO. (7)- CO2 + Ca(OH)r. (10)- FeClr + NH + HrO. A. 5 phAn rlng. B. 6 phin ung. C. 7 phAn ung. D. 8 phin ung. CAu50:Trongsoddsau:RuouA6xih6a,"ndehitB6xih6aoo*itCmEsteC4H3o2. Thi CTCT cira Este li: A. HCOO-CH2CH2CH,.B, HCOO-CH-CH3.c. cH,,coo-qH D. c2H.coo-cH di thlch pi th€m ! Cdn coi th kh0n thlc ml Cho '{=1 )=16 Y=14 - t1 - tL i=32 I = 35,5 ln=65 \'la = 23 l: _'7 LI-/ Wp=24 a=40 e=56 u=64 4s, = 108 Y=39 3a = 137 C&/4. Z ri o R-, arL r -gls Lv,zazS -\+.r-t : \9, c_b_ , *,to @,;;; ?".lun Ii:^ T:': :*_:.',,: ff G< sceer c6r,aa Gt , , o$oa kl"ary *i' * a'',l<z't ', -:' €r od i+-,i+i ,-t aop ? tqtrr,s li,i* so^, p,? * uE g M2cos P\, iffi?i, : Tr:,"'"'lro*co. ? 'a (?t ) '- !*+ f4 33 i k' g.L; 4ffi _ 69 (?t J s+4 6) R(coorr)r + xrre.rn o- arPr, q- &'trY-) v | ,aL i 4,2 + 4oq. = hn + ,i gst -_, 4: or4 Lvn*S ^ba?1 c+4 @ Na fc.p va.r/ ;1 gg h^,*. : Na+ Hop_: Ncc.? o tF{r. Cr I lzlil ia-i HtA I Na i,.F4e -: Alaorr + * ftr 6) ,iEu.t.<,6-,F45 '{',ta,L gc'fi R;2dog t'k rn4: sa.^( Pr{ cat i^i.' ,.=r ,.7'nor. r.r<.oir + \g/ G-*g.e,."i vs) j.ta$rf-t cr^d6t c-, Ar-,oT: 44 (Xrl S -> T4z:6fi = G}.\Sattl 'i, l.;=. * ettSe+Je * ierz | " 46 i{tueFt < h,k- -+ Frco\rf,Jci * $-roa + ff}ir: LrrAt: c,o7, (r- -"D 'E€q> r-:,,a{ lrav.g Va-h, Lq f!,Di' e,B_n+ l,sd.+g7 Eeq{ rq O<i'.lnaj\ ! ,-*, + )4ir-7 + !c, I Z qZs.X. L"r *", I 4 yhfia 't.cn raai fr{ $-r'a'rts Je h>ca. Ql+stsis l *o srcc ; AzilLack<, 6laadze 1 hod. |,tq&. 024-9 lntJ l,se .?. L+ {t, ,@ (D o * M;s Da.| .:.'" t+od &ab t / +mc fuitlzLco + ztno cot (s|,t,arir "a-h ($tcoou , dt^ c! i" Fotc.i*za t *,o+ {ri. ktag+ u(co rcRr- ycor kea{ tu;d-ng fr€-n 116 . q?6g ? -* i,r? - 2V.rg+_?,6g: iara6 & kzog -) # tgY : Lo)i6 + E : .!. he. a6V i,6g tt4 ftlr 6a!. a- : 66t p.tcv. * " t"E 6),, ,^.a a.xt( d ((; t+,Dor.t4-cco)3 car*s :\ ( sfi*s) coz+ (3f __ia+4) {.4o rica2-n6no: (3F+6) -(in_Ji++):4 _+ ld.z L Teotf sa' sr€'' &t TT, fi-o',g q-rL o.xi+ .u] pT.,D4l- to?A po, 3d, = 2, _2 eBne zh,ur<tq, , Dc+ng A,-h NeFls@q ,a,i*E ehe<,t- at4'.? Hrs.& 7+ci.6) * o, _6;r;j:;;? Fe, P+!t, cat-a; r N€{Fieol .r Nctzj, NelcoJ Vi .{T r 3 N<6fgo{a r I*-J<rq '+'*or"rr.t + Rsak + F*z(soa;, + 44>o ,"LTCT tvrd. ,nin fq_ cr.l_f_.rz-orl v€ y, % "or_r;o, fr ""<a :ry s w,,>< rzcf'z ho*o & e. fu(.2, sds6" * **rc i33 ?r* Parostr # g r<-c,rrce) !lq. - 4L?E - .t. t -s6 - ?' = ot -+ a LL4 tar,t ( cc'.ti+{v"L, fhe V, r,i^ <c ) t":i''^ czdzoz cztrao2' Q-Heoz ,i a=^e czh\oz s59 -+ .fl.3 9n3Oz t 4,iSc.z ___+ LLelt Stho = (ill{+)zc9t ,Pa , , c4e4 rt ,t'v?i \ g,Al 3 c&r4 @ C&" 5 61 - v _due @ CA + fnt , '\2' -g @ c.*- _43 @ CSrr<+ CAiA Fciu. .rg. 6'-19 O G.ic al 9&L 2.L C€a< zg q @ @ @ o @ fr tct";' '. 462+ 3l* orlsx z 4108 Ut4r+ tho+{ct2 = &t{rUo3 + $ ; orOZ ?tfi+ 14fl^i6J = ofiz/1-E dd- s L-n"3: arat hoi-t 4O-l t1 + pfte-4gtd-z= L Trung x, s5' t ^o< c vd H d vl^n? *eng 4\af 8\qp &^ *a) C b.A -*s"+' hft'WLt tE') - 'fti"al: o/az -? T".b^g x = o,aLvnr* Ltoa ott2z4l: -1,44:- * -1. 57on*A. y',?-,1,44 = o,26 t L>oh1- orIZ wu><_ *z 6/43 vn*< U *e,, or43 y.r-to( fA,O $-eZ Or.l\ xa7 , &]3 ? Nhte-f 6 sA; L.*n6 ern Ja{ ftcfro cs:q.? H t+c6u Gol' rt6n=" "j*. a. vno( casoL{ t^od. .l6ot Lg> [Pt?=f *-> g mR MgSa, 4Lo.t Lt, 6o.t U^a{ A9A .,L4,\ 4t! A tn ^:U, e #" +U vrnq l+L&an cd 3.vnre a1(^s2p ,*a^)- ea,4* iA GoV) frGHtzoa Gtiuoa 48o 9o Va*rtrrn -' 46, o8 + Y\d*oor6e"Cctn se<.ar pu\ : JA)-g : 3.1 (6 > cpaoe{ . ff ^Lool = g p',7: .15o7o16-= go Et - tQtisoft-t- esor4 sz Ceg, ;, U*r*:1'firtru (%v2^- rE" y-2 -5 - -: 34 _, _E - .lSZ ., :e -36 Ll.nalg FlrdFr bh? d$l' va- ' -18,2 ? C*\coo\+ + Na. -* ryn ctbePorrla'+F+z\ A ? g- Urn'>z; tlz<ti++ eNq + f$argo" jttra ln G -' H QoLx) 4tE o.+s 47-a €o - :! Frpn pe€o da Nr.ae Jd ctig-a paio ih0 ' lho = R1 +{oa ( qt"= -ili ' ";ti;t;lt* = o,str'{| -+ n++,o oj a.uqo y+,Ar:o.y rnttc hdo e g ftn <€u ^A GJ v Brc( ca<. rs (R - V \-2,J, /,.b Gc^b GHs + I Hq.oer 3p.aor,.b_ .r eftrco,r& ,tzol<t e, q _rso+ u8 Ft 'loDo * 48o 3 in .+ -t1g -, vn= aO42 b"6 xatpAf mg*ft + trrxd V,'f,,| 8e'/: 'lo4?xtoo -f3oz,S bg cI4q? ?lftrO = Or.r 8A a tlk<f{co3 -: l\qsaoJ + rh€ n*2+ tttl<o3 : lieo3 + t6o tcql4 . Ca&+cnj)y: Gaco3 + Fh.o + co2'l 56'rra* 3 m,.r$t Rcor '= rl{ao : gzr Rco3 t ancl : ALi ro,g+cse r @ - d,9 -) ot4 (tM) hQ" ffiA { ,*tlqoz-t Lz+$_4e _+ z<rL+ E*A .:e*1f-4 .i x * b=4 , qxif phJ.*'4*fr*"ianix' 4 lhsah r trAlO3 o,o3 I S+'*ln-: s*( ;r-lQrt'ra: Q+07 a i N5+]. I'jtz oot z- vr-;M' R -+ v\7.= 0164 +1rl7=3a- CA;. zE 6t v CA+ z4 @ f\gorq = OPA Zrro.r OrZ \o,e*3 s 0106 ,ytSOU _- OrOg ba'"{. Sql-' Ga.S6.z.J oiok e g!31 lEL*3+3oh- L hEcau)r;, 0106 e o/rg 0,06 cp6 dri orZ_qtg : qa| h+4 @rl-) Alcol;, +ott- s 4f,6- + eP^o orgL* qlz '{,,Atcotl cesl- I or 06 - or oZ _* RNH. *%,. 1r,.r2 O,9cl + 6r€2 O,o{-r ra,&{' qNHL }.i vdi' O,4 J ,mr}| Ftr-Sgrq jpro rq'. r- vrr,u-bl , RNt[+ H$oq + RrJitf *,sou- ( :-f\Nrh. $ l{rsaa * (ltrrlr!:])rsarr-' BTKL, ,:^n +(o,o3x3g) +r?4 ' fi j Ar€ x ar,,,'n l?-Ni{r- hq,arjn ' o,o4CR*-t6 ): ),7g ,-: R-: .Z-g C-Arrs> , Ca(is-trii1 R.+cr,.Sot: Rs@q{ & -+ hJn l<+Cu/ e*oa Pr-6tii: va Lipi3 *ai bt, *-n* yb&n Trung ee'i .har q,e*r-i+ ,ta*' vntnisc.acenif c& 35 ?Lg1: o7,t ttl-sr+= o,'.rt *'14193-: orl l1iauL"= o,oz 3 Cra + thr+ ZdOJ- = 3Crr+a 1nb f + 4*ro oro9 + o/t&+ qd6 qrg Ser., Pd, ** co' o,oE Fd{ er'i+ oloz tfi.t{- $Ou o/.4w^i< l'Jog-cl4' C^i ca.iian vcl- qrl{'ar Ui l.+p vlc; vf* v\i' tnQp-u -> QoZnrr{ C:zSe! + op+vn^*. G-t'L'iQ)2 .(*,: i6 Cr.!ti?-n-iigco + OZ + rqt rt)coa + Cn+t) ibD f"LfttS 'ft.O2:.a1.t D:. : @, 3 FL}{ @ @ @ 993 ca. 3z rD.'l \:-/ qg JJ Cf* gq (q4utlzb, $"-uc:5zdT /"h? ,f{ ffio, ETcc ^4 -^ hr + (o74x2Z ) : (o,t;44) +Q,? z i8) 2 vn z Fr! V i-lirS + S€2 = 35 '| ? zrAa g#-91 G# l+tt-* Q- co' !.no4 d n , I x iR-he: A+tl e V61 Vo'i' R,c+to* toz tut1 j;f:Ito4'e) BTea r 3,3'tnor:+,9 -> Vfioz 1,6g 4-ve6o g2im.ol O> 'rLs'rno ?!= tn .= c/4wwL urf,.qrho?g=urn (R+!9 ) <t,3 ia> ( vi'c;, l\cfto 44)-> '.n+io bao,€a) = #. o; ff X-: -','",:: hcftD _+ tacooq Qt4 orl sc*xr- w , Ivw a rj o,;*e "Hcrorr # az vv,*? +6 opl w\aL l+c??O, .l - o,o4 v4.n{4g 9;'. zg @ ,.\ E-qttr ,-*n-'At 7-rfl. lpAz t Cr) NK<i-rtco3 + B4roH)z _- Bacoj * + NnJ{ +2FhO (r) rNhftjpq r_ Bqc$(c%): : Eafun $ + Nq!S@4 az.ag2+zt\D t3, 3$l4ttoJ + l,p,rj.3+3F{o = 2,R-tor03 lr r 6Na.Ll + }rn2 ttz: {(vltz)rco + zft.J = Q!ht<)recr3 [Gtlt+l"tq + Ca_Laa)y, Co z # -r lNFt++ Lrr+ O qi'.r' 3o O n4 -"zrn U :(o,o<r x 2i 3 ) +(rror{ 659 I )=* *. Eaz tn'be ''vr (dn Nq,roj ft'ui6 loao + tvaert) hvd t r^ N toa\ l = 22,44 A Le-u 5t .{.t 31 6\ cAL4o @ @ Cnfitn+1 ot4 l're44- cfi+l)|grD +(tt- t v?lFr.r, :,lg xoi,l(r^+t) > g c+l- lp-: Coq 5o6*&= Sou Aht'-b,n l hd +l,ri h.(4 -+ efuc ot't (n*r ) -e n7 .3.94 s6te.(rq.^o &A?' Udig n\cu* + V=V/ cho! a-=4 -+ 4ot an& cx3a,fi ud L'vtule eo -, ct o+1 + co -+ cH3cfthl lrut{e Pv' A z Da" p r.r' 3c -) x- : Sqrt Pw 44. t-r )c : - 3_r( To'u-o BTtcc hg " rn4 ^- J2 +(Zgx2 ) .C6'4a @ L ttt*Z) =88g- *Fs f. lZ* + CO+ {92 a <nz e€*ls €) 4*o,5+4 ta gz5 naoLc4o7 P,/ n ' zsZ C&.! 4? (D (tu 4t @ X+kro = j<oit-r 4.ftrr btcq &T-rso S2,2*6if{I .=vr-tbZ:01 4X- {^o& q6g r14 +flx:o24vil4 fi^= 9: lB + furg x pbq:. *, g L,*o> ot4 lnai. kt*.loai t"-r'e,i c.o' o,os $+p . My:(o7oy*+) +(qosxR) &J -, a_- jg CK) e* @ fr4o:: 4tL(a.cl,J roroq s crLt+znoz lo7 nee2+hbuo "T;:" - J,*t ! ' r QHeoe <:fr::" .cd' 45 6 c,coo3z = oro +z^Jq+* ,qr 4*{l.er9Lvn,ir 1 Ct>+q4o= Gr+Coz \ -'t + -t -, 4 \ co wti ?aF-r s<.rt pr.r co-h AmDe@z + ZmA-Noz ::i":::' ) C-a-i;rnr.) ' l*,\ lmr r-v - 4L h Tlr!,€ Ot AvD?q.o{d n_x. :/.c,=: zL.anro 4at"cr{q, : l teurc -+ 44:ro _- -gqr5- nt _E Hr.L : fix, 46ts-4a ^ :,:, r -,"'*rr*.'; +=€ @ o u".,' oto| rn-cc tilr-oq ; f.!a.or{ ++^l€L 6,25 Cra+r) t}!o (h+t) (n+r)-n : 4 . Go[ ya ', hbai' k<Aog, b,[ro 40 ? Lc+iao 4q:!o. = oTLs m-+l _- rtu = 26 etv< : Cuti: 46 Atc?3.n 3 NztoK r fi{cer)3 tr t BNecl dlol + ot64 x Vdf o,.1,5 t'nt4- N<,oR I th-ox drl , Wl XA bt hod bn <fAQi , cJn^' .,ti o/*i tArv ftf cfs-t 3Ncuss : Alccrc)3 {r + 3 N<e! t !c-'tl:cx 1'\J b! 6o6._. tcan r Jc-or(X t^ 4( Atco()3 {- nl^DH = N4Af4. t zta,D l'qot - tr-'Vet Iv,qua'"rt r )r +3(.qo{ = Q-lS .l 9c: Qoq unr{ rtr<{! C;*44 6\ ^. - +i-6 : - Atcoe)J lL!,?tg,. tr.A Ntrj areg vd Jc( lho+eo) d.r - (c) aQ d-o ?a, ta-a p4^/"d d 24-11 c.r{ vdi' Nttl c€." so O RdD< A\i{ frxiFc p6'.I:c; <u.fg sD' Ca<.b^ + ede. /6 ctbroo-o6' I Lai'n1€a ".tZ S"i fvfue t Dtnal 4aan6 &c?dng vat' ot€'-*Fu' 9ff, vi- \c.J Jz^r5' 4 n2r7 ehtlq ho/. p64o- d-1 etaa.6t , ent-c'a6azrt e€?e, 4 s6t kL mii' d4o vc.} c'hLrb>tJt f>"rib nLa' ili' 6, st "' Vi- lls "fu?o fu'p 8a n7n n6-/. -tnb" a-Z #t* /a J1t kal <.A;,/ Sb'ry' c.ap c,'eig /€4 /\uvu,. .r, TRTTNG'rAEr BDvH TF{ANG LGI{G S{i 6 - Chria BOc - H} FJOi , v+ttl6o TRA HOA DOT II .201{} 'f lzdi gicur: 90' DE. KIEM cau 1: cd 4 hidroxit X, x, x. X. trong d6, & didu kien thudng: - X, chi tan trong dung dich NaOH, khOng tan rrong dung dich ir{H - X, chi tan trong dung dich NHr, khong ran rrong dung Oich NaOH - X. r,ria tan trong dung dich NH., l'ta tan trong dung dich NaOH. - X*khOng tan trong dung dich NHr, kh6ng tan trong dung dich NaOH. X,, X,. X., Xo ldn lucn lh: A. Zn(oH), cu(oH)" Fe(oH), Al(oH)r . B. Al(oH)3 cu(oH), zn(aH)rFe(oH)o. C' Al(oH). Zn(o[)rcu(oH)i Fe(oH). , D. Cu(oH), Al(oH)3 Zn(oH), Fe(OH): . Cku 2: a (gan'r) C2H5OH hoac b (garn) C3H.'(OH), tdc dung vdi Na du ddu thu ducyc luopg H, nhu nhau. Quan h0 gifra a vh b li: A. a = 1.5b. B.a=3b. C.2a=b. D.a=b. gau 3: Cho 0,2 moi CO, hflp thu hdt vdo dung dich chrla 0,6 mol NaOH'duoc dung dich A. Dung dich A cho t6c dung vdi dung dich FeCl. du. Luong kdt tria thu duoc lh: 4.7,13 gam. 8.24,1 gam. C.21,4 gam. D. 16,05 garn. CAU 4: Ddt ch6y hohn toln h6n hqp A gdm cHo crHo H, cdn vD'a vin V(l) 02 6 dktc. SAn ghdm chdl-' gh. tt tt qua binh dgng dung dich Ca(OH), du, thdy tao ra 6 gamket tira, Sau phin r1ng, khoi luo. ng dung dich rrong binh giAm 2,64 gam. V(l) 02 cd girl tri: A.1,7921. B. 0,2241. CAu 5: C6 thd nhin bidt 4 cbdtrhn A. HCI vh COr. B. HCI vh Ir{aOH. C. HCI vI NH CAu 6: Trong cdc dung dich chrla c6c chAt sau: D. NaOH vI NHr. Phenol Anilin Alanin Glyxin Lyxin Phenyl amoniclorua. C6: Axit Glutamic Metyl amin A. 3 chAt lim xanh qu! tim, 2 chdt llm d6 quj' tim. B. 1 chAt lim xanh qu!,tfm, 2 chdt lhm d6 qu)'tim. C.2 chdt li.m xanh qu!' tfm, 3 chdt lim d6 quj'tim. D.2 chdt llm xanh qu! tim, 2 chdt llm d6 quj' tfm. $. ?: Dung dich A gdm I rnol CuSO u + 2 molHCl. Dicn phan dung dich A duo.c dung dich B. Blet {gng dich B phin rnrg v}a v{n vfi dung dich chrla 2,}6 molNaOH. Hieu sudi phAn -ring dien phAn li: A. 52 Vo. B. 62 7o. C.72 7a. D.82 7o. CAU 8: X l) aminoaxit c6 dang (NH2)"-R-(COOH) l mol Xt6c dgng v6i luong vla d& dung dich HCI thu duoc mudi Y. Luong mudi Y sinh ra tdc dqng vi'a vdn vOi I mol NiOH. Dieu kdl luAn nho lh dring nhdt: A. x khong lim ddi mlu qu!'tim. B. X c6 thd ldm xanh ho6c d6 quj'tim. C. X lhm xanh qu!,tim. D. X llm d6 qu!, tfm. Ciu 9: Cho a mol CO, hap thu het vio dung dich chrla b moi Ba(OH)r, thu du-o. c 1 ket tria vi cbn l4i dung dich X. Th€m dung dich NarSOo vlo dung dich X, lai thay c6 kdi rria. euan h€ chfnh xr{c nhdt gifra a vI b li: A.a=b. B.a*b. C.a>b. D.a<b. CAU 10: Chat CrHuO3 c6 rhd le: A. Rugu 3 chrlc. B. Andehit 3 chrlc. C. T+p chfc, trong d6 c6 2 chtrc andehit + I chrlc rudu. D. T+p chrlc, trong d6 c6 1 chrlc axit + 1 chrlc rugu. 9gg tlt Nung I mol FeCO. trong binh kin chria a mol 02 & nhiet d6 cao t6i phin f'ng hoin roln. Chdtrinfrnnohinhhhofqnrn'rqhdf t.^ rlrr Ji^L ^L,1^a i*^1 rr/11 ^-^^^rn -1 c. 0,g96l. A1 Al2O j D. 2,24 l. Zn ZnA bang: q,,^"tu 12: Dot t-'hl,'r1' hoiin toilr 9 gam h6n ho-p CHjOH + C,F{4(OH), + C,Hri[.]Hi, du'oc 0.3 mol g3, r,ir il.,iS nrol I-{,O. H6n hop rLrorr co M Lrang: A. 36 dvC. B" 7-: dvC. C. 45 drC. D. 60 dvC. {leu l3: Chc h6n ligp sau d€u chri'a c6c chat c6 cDng so moi: (1) - Na + Zn (2) - Na +ZnO (3) - NarO + Zn (4) - NarO +ZnA. Cdc. hdn hop tan duo'c het trong nu6c l): A. ( I ) va (2). B (2) vh (3). C (3) r,h (4). D (1) vh (:t). CAu 14: Hda tan m (gam) chat X c6 cong thilc CH*ON, vlo nudc duoc dung dich A. A tiicl elung v6i luong lTla du KOH duoc m'(garn) muoi. Ty so * tU, A.2,1. B.2.2. c.2,3. D.2.4. Cau 15: Dot chr{i'ho}in to}n lV h6n hqpX gdm H" + CO c6 M, = 8,5 cdn v}a van 0.4V h6n hqp Y gOm 02 + O:, H6n hop Y c6 M" bang: A. 36 dvC. B. 38,4 dvC. C. 40 dvC. D. 44 dvC. Cau 16: Ddng tring hqp Butadien-1.3 r'di Stiren duoc cao su Buna - S. Ld5, 1 lrrong cao'su Buna-S tr€n dem dot ch6y holn rohn. thdv n"o' = +. Ti lq trung binh gifra sd mat xich Butadien.l3 r,h ir",u 9 sd mit x(ch Stiren trong loai cao su trOn li: l.!. w.?. c.1. D.1. 1322 CAu 17: Day nio sau dAii duo. c xdp theo thf tu sd oxi h6a cira oxi t[ng ddn: A. Na2O NaO2 Na2O2 FzO Oz . B. Na2O2 Na2O NaO2 Az F2O. C. NaO2 ltla2O l*tra1O2 Oz F2O. D. Na2O Na2O2 NaO2 Oz F2O. CAU 18: C6 3 cap chdt sau: (1)- HOH vd CHrOH (2)- C6H'OH vd C6H5-CH2-OH (3)- CH3COOH vi CHqCOO-CH3. Cip ehrla c6c chdt ii d6ng d&ng vdi nhau: A. C+p (1). B. Cap (2). C. Cap (3). D. Khong c6 cap nlo. CAu 19: nr (gam) h6n hqp gdm FeO + MgO + FerOo vdi tjr l€ mol tudng rlng li I :2 : 3 t6c dung r'ila v5n v6i dung dich chrtra 0,36 mol HNO., sinh rcA,448lft (dktc) hOn hqp khi NO + I.{O2. m ( gam) c6 gii{ tri: A. 8,48 gam. B. 6,36 gam. C. 10,6 gam. D. 12,72 gam. CAu 20: Chia h6n hq p gdm 2 andehit no, dorr cht1c, mach h6 thirnh 2 phdn bang nhau. - Phdn 1: Ddt chdy hoin tohn tao ra 0,36 garn nudc. - Phdn2 : Cho tdc dung vdi H2 (c6 Ni, t0C) duoc h6n hqp A gdm 2 rucru + 2 andehit du. Dot chdy hobn tohn A duoc m (gam) CO2. Gi6 tri cfra m lh: A. 0,44 gam. B. 0,56 gam. C. 0,88 gam. D. 1,32 gam. CAu 21: C6 4 dung dich X,, Xr, X.1, Xa. Trong d6: - X, tao ket tira vdiX2. - X3 tao khi bay ra vdi X, r'h Xo. X1, X2, X,, Xo ldn lucn lh: A. NaHSOo BaCl, NaHCO, NarCO., . B. BaCl, NarCO. NaHSOo NaHCO C. BaCl, NarCO. NaHCO, NaHSOo . D. NarCO, BaCl, NaHSOo NaHCO. . C?m 22: Sd ddng phin mach h0 cira C3H6O c6 thd lhm mdt miu dung dich nu6c Br2 lir: A. I chat. 8.2 chdt. C. 3 chdt. D. 4 cha't. CAu 23: H6n hqp X gom Mg + Al. Nung 18 gam X trong O, duo.c 26 gamh6n hgp Y. Cho Y t6c dung v6i HCI du, thdy bay ra 8,96 lit (dktc) H2. 7o khdi luo. ng cira Mg trong X lh: A. 20 Vo. B. 40 7o. C. 50 Vo. D. 60 Vo. CAu 242 H5n hqp X n?ng a (gam) gdm 2 axit don chrlc mach h6. Ctro X tdc dgng vdi Na du thu" duoc b (gam) muoi. Bidu thrlc iien h0 gita Mx vdi a, b ld: e il 22b r, ; 22a ,a ; b-a r\ ; 22a [...]... -:.I91+X,:!9i+Xr$,o5X (cdc = chdt ddu Xr ld: A T\ LT r\LI l) sAn phdm chinh) thi Cau 391 i{6n hop A gdm CuSO, + FeSO, - Fe2(SOa }1 c5 c)t, khdi lirong cua S l} 22.5 ea L{-r, 80 gam A hba tiin tron-q nutrc Them clung dich NaOH du, Ket tua thu duo'c dem nung ngoiii khOng khi tdi khoi luong khong dfii Luong oxit sinh ra dem khri holn toiin biing CO thi khoi iuong Fe + Cti thu duoc trii: A 26 gam B 3{)gam C 36 garn... mol Fe3O* + 2 mol Fe lh.: C 11 B 11.5 D.10 mol A 12 CAu 48: Dun 8,7 gam h5n ho,p A gdm 2 rudu no, don chric mach h0 vdi H2SO1 dac, 1700C tdi hohrr todn thi thu duoc 5,5 lit (dktc) h6n hqp 2 anken Dun 8,7 gam A d tren vdi H2SO4 dac, 1400C t6i hodn toin thi khoi luong ete thu duoc lh: C 6,55 B 6,45 D 6,65 garn A 6,35 CAu 49: Didu ndo li dring: A Nhfng kim loai ddu d6y hoat dOng h6a hoc d0 bi an mbn, de... CrHrOH C CH3COOQH, + D Ce 3 trubrng hgrp tren cau-U: Nung bot Al v6i luong vla dtr Feroo, sau mot thdi gian duoc h6n ho',p A - Ndu cho A t6c dung vdi dung dich NaOH du thi thu duoc V Qir) H2 - Ndu eho A t6c dung v6i dung dich HCI du thi thu duo c 3,25'{ (lir) Hz ( cdc khi & ctng didu kien) Hi0u sudt phAn rlng nhi€t Al li: A.6A ts.65 C" 70 Te.75 To eeu trZ; Cho mOt dung dich axit Axetic tiic dung vdi... 7ovd55Vo Cau-49: Ion nlo sau diy kh0ng c6 cflu hinh cira khi hidm: c.Mgt; D Al3* :C:4u50: Hidrocacbon c6 cOng thrlc CnHzn*z-z^(a li sd liOn kdt a) Thi sd liOn ket 6 li: A.3n+2-2a B.2n+2-2a C,3n+I-2a D"n+2-a A Li* B Fe2* a n OI Cdn b0 coi tlti kh1np dtroc sidi thich pi th€m ! N=14 C=12 Cho O=16 H=I [;-7 Ms=24 Ca=44 Fe=56 S=32 Cu=64 Cl = 35,5 Zn=65 Na=23 As 108 K=39 Ba 137 t,ll aJ w e{x euv J"r**' Y:_M's... Vo C.2A 7o vd,8A 7o D 50 Vo vi,5A Vo CAu 4: Ddt chr{y holn toin 7,I2lit (dktc) h6n hqp hoi 2 rdctu don chric cdn v}a vdn 0,195 mol Or, thu daoc 3,24I HzO, Lugng CO, sinh ra cho qua dung dich Ca(OH), du thi luo'ng ket tria sinh ra lh: A 13 gam B 14 gam C 15 gam D i6 gam, CAu 5: Thudc nd Amonal li h6n hqp NH^NO, + bOt Al Trong d6 bOt Al phin rlng vdi 02 do NH4NO1 phAn tich ra, phin rlng t6a nhidu nhi€t... c6 rhd hba tan Cu(OH), li: CAu 6: Sd ruou no, da chrtrc c6 sO C A 1 ruou B 2 ruou C 3 rucyu D 4 ruou (lft) dung dich c6 pH = 1 vdi y (lit) dung dich c6 pH = 13 duo.c dung dich c5 pH = CAU 7: Trdn x 12 thi ty te I ta: v 7 A.'.8.'.c.'D.t 11 8 q r0 11 11 11 CAu 8: DOt chdy hohn toin 1 rugu ddn chfc mach h& thdy sd mol HrO sinh ra l6n hon sd mol O, tham gia phin rlng Ruou c6 cOng thrlc: A B C D C3H7OH... ddi so vdi tru6c phAn ung X ld: C D CHr=gg-CHO A B tn arI COT t.(dc grut tlltclt gr N=14 C=12 S=32 Cl = 35,5 Zrz = 65 Na=23 Cho O=16 Ms 24 Ca=40 Fe=56 Cu-64 As 108 K=39 Ba 137 CA.u 47: Sd inoi HCI tdi thidu cdn moi gam HCHO H=l Cd tiOa mol gam CH.CHO mol gam CTH5CHO r,V @ ta,u a ("&, r tu{"g G, g rei6 . (CHI-COOH) vd Etylenglycol (C2Ha(OH)z ) c6 M= 59 dvC. Ddt ch6y holn tohLn 0,2 mol A thi cdn sd mol 02 toi thidu lh: A. 0,35 rnol. B. 0,3 mol. C. 0,25 mol. D. 0,2 mol. CAU 9: Cho hgp kim. v6i HCI du thi thu duoc Vco, 6 dktc ld: C. 3,36lir. A. 8,96lir. 8.6,72it. D.2,24Lit. C u ?-: Khi ddt chdy hohn io}Ln 1 axit hfru co dcnr chftc thd,y norpo = nCo, thi axit d6. C6Hr4. mudi. C0ng thrlc amin lh: A. C6H5NH2. B. C3H7NH2. C. CH3NH2. CAu 33: Trong cdc thi nghi0m sau, thi nghiOm nho xdy ra dn mbn diOn h6a: A. Cho midng Fe vlLo dung dich H2SO4lodng.B.