LÝ THUYẾT VÀ BÀI TẬP TỪ U1-U8

REVISION (E8: Unit 1-7) 1.The simple present tense (Thì hiện tại đơn): Dùng để diễn tả: - Một thói quen, hành động thường xảy ra ở hiện tại - Một chân lí hay một sự thật hiển nhiên. *Thì hiện tại đơn còn dùng để biểu đạt ý tương lai khi nói về kế hoạch làm việc, một thời gian biểu…(lịch trình của các phương tiện chuyên chở công cộng, lịch chiếu phim….) Ex: The plane leaves Ho Chi Minh at 11:30. a/ Cách chia: (+) S + V(-s/es) + … ex:My father gets up at five every morning. (-) S + do/ does + not + V 0 + … I don’t like fish. (?) (Wh_) + Do/ Does + S + V 0 + … ? Does he have lunch at 11a.m.? * Note: - I/ We/ You/ They + V 0 / do(not) - He/ She/ It + V (s/es) / does(not) - I/ We/ You/ They : have – He/ She/ It : has b/ V_s/es : - V tận cùng = o, s, ch, x, z, sh (ông sao sáng chiếu xuống zòng shông): + es Ex: do – does, watch – watches, fix – fixes - V tận cùng = phụ âm + y : bỏ y ,+ ies Ex: try – tries, carry – carries, study – studies - V tận cùng = 1 nguyên âm + y: +s Ex:obey – obeys, play – plays c/ Cách đọc âm S,ES: Có 3 cách: - /S/ khi S đứng sau: K, T, P, F ( kiến thở pì fò ) Ex: looks, stops - /IZ/ khi S/ES đứng sau: S, X, Z, CH, SH, CE, GE,SE Ex: watches, arranges - /Z/ những trường hợp còn lại Ex: runs, smiles d/ Key words: every, always, usually, often , sometimes……… 1’. Thì hiện tại đơn của To BE + S + BE + ……………… Ex: I am a student. - S + BE + not + ………… He isn’t good at English ? ( Wh_) + BE + S + ……… Where are they now ? Note: I am(not) – He/ She/It: is(not) – We/ You/ They: are(not) EXERCISES: I.Add “s”,”es” to the verbs and put them into the right columns Make, annoy, seem, rise, agree, arrange, conduct, demonstrate, emigrate, transmit, appear, escape, graze, look, own, tie, highlight, spell, underline, wash, brush, watch, erase, fix /s/ /iz/ /z/ II. Use the present simple of the verbs in brackets 1. The sun(rise) ………………………. in the east. 2. Water (boil) …………………………… at 100 degrees Celsius. 3. Silver (be) ………………… cheaper than gold. 4. Spiders (have) ………………………………. six legs. 5. The River Amazon (flow) ……………………… into the Atlantic Ocean. 6. She (have) …………………………… long hair. 7. Jet engines (make) …………………………….a lot of noise. 8. I (not live)……………in Ha Noi, I ( live )……………in Ho Chi Minh. 9. The sea ( cover) …………………………two- thirds of the world. 10. She usually ( read)…………………………. books before going to bed. 11. Loud music ( give)………………… me a headache. 12. We ( not come ) …………from Canada. We (come) …………from USA. 13. Mr Long(work)…from Monday to Friday, he (not work )… at weekends. 14. They ( go )…………………… to work six days a week. III.Turn the following sentences into the negative and the interrogative form 1. He has breakfast at 7 a.m 2. The children like sweets. 1 3. Mary finishes work at half past four. 4. John worries about Jane. 5. We are in class 8. 2/ The present progressive tense (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) S + am / is / are + V-ing → S + am / is / are + not + V-ing. → (Wh_) + Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing? Ex: I’m reading a book now. / He’s having a party on his birthday. * Dùng để diễn tả: Hành động / sự việc đang diễn ra ở hiện tại; hành động sắp xảy ra được hoạch đònh ở tương lai gần (Một số trạng từ chỉ thời gian: now, right now, at present, at the moment, this week / month / … ) 3/ Present perfect tense (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành): Ex: I haven’t lived here since 1999. / She has learned English for 3 years. * Dùng để diễn tả hành động / sự việc: đã bắt đầu trong quá khứ (không rõ thời gian) vẫn còn kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể xảy ra ở tương lai; vừa mới xảy ra (Một số trạng từ / giới từ: just - vừa mới; already - rồi; recently / lately - mới đây / gần đây, (not) … yet - chưa; ever - có bao giờ; never - chưa bao giờ; since - từ khi; for - trong khoảng; …) 4, The simple past tense(Thì q khứ): dùng để diễn tả - Một thói quen ở q khứ - Hành động hồn tất vào một thời điểm xác định ở q khứ a/ cách chia: (+) S + V -ed / V 2 + O EX : Last year, my family went to Nghe An. (-) S + didn’t + V 0 + O He didn’t go to school yesterday. (?) (wh_) + did + S + V 0 + O? When did they leave? b/ V_ed (những động từ có qui tắc) - V 1 vần, có 1 ngun âm + 1 phụ âm : gấp đơi phụ âm + ed Ex: stop – stopped - V 2 vần, nhấn âm 2, tận cùng = 1 ngun âm + 1 phụ âm : gấp đơi phụ âm + ed Ex: admit – admitted, transmit - transmitted - V tận cùng = phụ âm + y : bỏ y ,+ ied Ex: try – tried, carry – carried - V tận cùng = 1 ngun âm + y: +ed Ex:obey – obeyed, play – played c/ cách phát âm ED /id/ khi ed đứng sau t, d (tiền đơ) Ex: awarded, invented /t/ khi ed dứng sau ch , x, gh, c, f, k, p, s, sh, (chàng xuống ghềnh có fà khơng phải sợ sơng shâu) Ex: looked, washed,changed /d/ những trường hợp còn lại Ex: received, covered d/ Key words : last, yesterday, ago; ,once, once upon a time (ngày xưa), when + S + V (simple past) … 4’. Thì q khứ đơn của To BE + S + was/ were + ……………… Ex: I was tired this morning. - S + was/ were + not + …………. He wasn’t good at English last year. ? (Wh_) + was/ were + S + ……… Where were they yesterday ? Note: I/He/ She/It: was – We/ You/ They: were EXERCISES : I. Add ”ed” to the verbs and put them into the right columns use, appear, stay, stop, graze, need, fit, escape, decide, ask, live, own, marry, want, annoy, seem, agree, arrange, conduct, demonstrate, emigrate, transmit, look, tie, highlight, spell, underline, wash. /d/ /t/ /id/ 2 I / You / We / They + have He / She / It + has + V-ed/3 + O haven’t hasn’t + V-ed/3 + O S + (Wh_) + Have / Has + S + V-ed/3 + O? II.Use the past simple of the verbs in brackets 1. Lan (get) ……………………………… a letter from Lien last week. 2. Mai and Long (go)…………………to Ha noi with their parents yesterday. 3. I(meet)………Nam last week and he ( introduce) ………his friends to me. 4. They( live ) ……………………………there 5 years ago. 5. We (speak)………………………………… English badly last year. 6. Her mother (leave) …………………………… this city two years ago. 7. I’m sorry. I (not see)……………………………………… you yesterday. 8. She (receive)……………………… a letter from her old friend last night. 9. They (award)………………………… him a medal for bravery last year. 10. Mr. Brown used to play football when he (be)……………………. young. 11. ……………………… you (go) ……………………………out last night? 12. A. G. Bell (invent)…………………………… the telephone. 13. Last night I (watch)………………… the movie Romeo and Juliet. 14. He (be)………… very surprised when he (look)…………… at himself in the mirror yesterday. 15. We(have)……………………… a great time in England together last year. 16. We are very sad because our dog (die)………………………. last night. 17. We really (enjoy)………………………ourselves last Sunday. 18. Nobody (help)…………………… Thanh to repair his bike this morning. 19. We (be)……………late for school because of the heavy rain last Monday. 20. She usually (fall) ………and (hurt)…………herself when she was a child. 21. They (buy) …………………………….a new car yesterday. III.Turn the following sentences into the negative and the interrogative form 1. I did my English homework last night. 2. Lan wrote English words this morning. 3. Mrs Lien lived in Hai Phong with her husband 2 years ago. 4. They visited their grandparents yesterday. 5. He was the best student in his class last year. 5. BE GOING TO + V 0 : (sẽ) diễn tả dự định trong tương lai + S + BE going to + V 0 …. Ex: I’m going to do my homework tonight. - S + BE + not + going to + V 0 … He isn’t going to buy that house. ? (WH_) + BE + S + going to + V 0 …? What are you going to do next Sunday? a/ Note: I: am ; He/ She/ It: is ; We/ You/ They: are b/ Key words: tomorrow, next, tonight…………… EXERCISES : I. Use the verbs in brackets with “be going to” 1. I (travel)……………………… ……………………… to Hanoi by plane. 2. We (not go)…………….………………………… shopping next Sunday. 3. He ( play)………………… ………… …………table tennis this evening. 4. Our friends ( meet)………… ………………… us at the airport tonight. 5. She ( do)………………………………………………. homework tonight. 6. Hoa love children. She (be)………………………………… a teacher. 7. What ………………….you………………………(do) next weekend ? 8. Nam and Ba( visit)………… …………… their grandmother tomorrow. II. Use given words, write the following sentences( to be going to+ v) 1. He intends to pay for the damage. He is 2. She has announced her intention to retire. She is ………………………………………………………………………… 3. I have no intention of going to her birthday party. I’m not………………………………………………………………………… 4. It is intended that production will start at the end of the month. Production is …………………………………………………………………… 5. Lan / visit her classmates / this Sunday. ………………………………………………………………………………… 6. My parents / buy a color TV / next week. ………………………………………………………………………………… 7. Linh and I / go to see a movie / tomorrow. 3 …………………………… 8. They / build / a new house / next year. …………………… 9. His children / play marbles / this afternoon. ………………………………………………………………………………… 6/ Enough + to-infinitive : (đủ … để có thể) S + V + Adj./Adv. + enough + to V… Ex:He is tall enough to play basketball. S + V + enough + N + to V I have enough money to buy a new bicycle. *Note: too…………to V (quá………không thể) S + V +too + Adj./Adv. + to V He spoke too quickly (for me) to understand. EXERCISES: Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence, using (not) adj + enough + to inf. 1. Mary is just 6 years old. She can’t go to school alone. Mary isn’t………………………………………………………………………. 2. My sister is old. She can drive a car. My sister is …………………………………………………………………… 3. This coat isn’t warm. I don’t wear it in winter. This coat isn’t………………………………………………………………… 4. Mr. Robinson isn’t rich. He can’t buy a house. Mr. Robinson isn’t …………………………………………………………… 5. The tea isn’t strong. It won’t keep us awake. The tea isn’t ……………………………………………………………………. 6. The worker is clever. He can make fine things from wood. The worker is ………………………………………………………………… 7. The weather was fine. We could go camping. The weather was ……………………………………………………………… 8. The little boy is not strong. He can’t lift the suitcase. The little boy isn’t …………………………………………………………… 9. Do the test carefully! We have plenty of time. We have ……………………………………………………………………… 10. Do you want to pass your exams? Work hard enough! You have to work 11. He spoke slowly. Everyone could understand. He spoke ……………………………………………………………………… 12. We have experience. We can do the job. We have ……………………………………………………………………… 13. The movie is very interesting and we want to see it again. The movie is …………………………………………………………………… 14. The food was delicious, so I ate a lot. The food was ……………… …………………………………………………. 15. Are you tall? Can you reach that picture? Are you tall…………………………………………………………………….? 16. Bao is too young to drive to school. Bao isn’t……………………………………………………………………… 17. The mountain is very high and we can’t climb it. The mountain isn’t……………………………………………………………… 18. Nam couldn’t lift the box because he was weak. Nam wasn’t……………………………………………………………… 7/ Reflexive pronouns: Đại từ phản thân dùng để nhấn mạnh, diễn tả ý tự mình làm cho mình - Được dùng như túc từ của một động từ (ex: I cut myself) - Được dùng sau một động từ + giới từ (ex: He spoke to himself) - Được dùng dể nhấn mạnh danh từ hay đại từ(exAnn herself opened the door) Personal pronouns Reflexive pronouns I myself We ourselves You yourself You yourselves 4 He himself They themselves She herself EXERCISES: Fill the following words in the blanks: myself,ourselves,youself,yourselves,herself,himself,themselves, itself. 1. We protect from the rain with an umbrella. 2. Both boys taught ………to swim. 3. You will cut with that knife if you are not careful. 4. She likes to look at ………………….in the mirror. 5. The boy is not old enough to get dressed 6. The dog hurt when it jumped over the fence. 7. John and I enjoyed ………………very much at the party last night. 8. I must learn to control 9. Did you do your tests ? Yes, we did. 10. My sister often looks at …………………… in the mirror. 11.Mark made ………………………………. a sandwich. 12. This refrigerator defrosts ……………………………… 13.Hoa and I …………………………………. saw that accident yesterday. 14.Did you pay for ……………………………………? 15.The children can look after ……………………………… for a few days. 16. Please help me. I can’t do it …………………………………… . 17.Look! There's a little bird washing ……………………………. in the river. 18.You mustn't blame ……………………………… It wasn't your fault. 19.They did it …………………………… without any help. 20.OK team. You've -won the match. Now it's time to enjoy ………………… 21.Let's introduce ……………………………… to those girls over there. 22.Mary's brother is going crazy. He's always shouting at …………………… 23.Please take care of ……………………………… 24.You and Max should be able to do all of the work by……………………… 25.My new oven automatically cleans …………………………… 26.It was Mary ……………… who met him in the park. 27.No one helped Thanh to repair his bike Thanh…………………(himself). 8/ Modals: must/ have to/ought to/should + V 0 *Must, have to: (phải) chỉ sự cần thiết, bắt buộc làm điều gì.Trong một vài ngữ cảnh “must” và “have to” có nghĩa khác nhau: - must : người nói đưa ra quyết định. Ex: Mother: You must wipe your feet when you come in - have to : người khác đưa ra quyết định. Ex: Small boy: I have to wipe my feet every time I come in. Thì Thể + - ? Tươn g lai must S + must + V 0 S+mustn’t +V 0 Must + S +V 0 ? have to S+shall/will+have to+V 0 S+shan’t/won’t+have to+V 0 shall/will+S+ have to+ V 0 ? Hiện tại must S + must + V 0 S+mustn’t +V 0 Must + S +V 0 ? have to S +have to+V 0 S+don’t/doesn’t+have to+V 0 Do/ Does+S +have to+V 0 ? Quá khứ had to S +had to+V 0 S +didn’t+have to+V 0 Did+S +have to+V 0 …? *Ought to/ should: (nên, phải nên) dùng để nói điều đúng, điều tốt nhất cần làm.(các hình thức giống nhau có thể được dùng ở tương lai, hiện tại và ở quá khứ khi trước nó là 1 động từ ở thì quá khứ.) + S + ought to/ should +V 0 I ought to write to him today/tomorrow. - S + oughtn’t to/ shouldn’t +V 0 She said I oughtn’t make a noise ? ought + S + to V…? – should+S+V 0 ? Should they go home early ? EXERCISES: Rewrite the sentences 1. It isn’t necessary for you to water that tree everyday. - You don’t…………………………………………………………………. 2. He stays up too late and he is always tired in the morning. - He should……………………………………………………………early. 3. It’s better for us to save water. -> We should …………………………………………………………………. 4. Don’t stay up late every night. -> You shouldn’t ……………………………………………………………… 5. Don’t tell lies in any case. 5 -> You mustn’t ……………………………………………………… ……… 6. Don’t talk in class! -> You should…………………………………………………… …………… 7. Is it necessary for me to clean the table? - Do I 8. You aren’t allowed to make noise here. - You mustn’t ………………………………………………………………. 9. It’s better for you to review what you have learned. - You should ……………………………………………….………………. 10. I advise you to keep your house clean and tidy. -You ought …………………………………………………………………. 9/ Prepositions of time In : tháng/ năm/ mùa/ buổi (note: at night) On : ngày/ thứ/ tháng+ngày/ tháng+ngày+năm/thứ+buổi At : giờ Before (trước khi), after (sau khi), between….and…(giữa…và…), from…to…(từ…đến…) Exercises: Fill in each blank with the right preposition 1.I'll see you 7.00 the morning 2.Mary was born December 25. 3.The party will start seven o'clock the evening. 4.It often rains July. 5.What subjects do you have Monday ? 6.They have to go home 6 o'clock because there is the 6 o'clock news. 7.Please come here 7 a.m and 8 a.m 8.She was born 1980. 9.Dogs often bark night. 10.What do you often do the summer ? 11.I play games Sunday afternoon. 12. Jone often goes swimming Saturday. 13. The meeting will last 7 a.m 5p.m. 14.She will be 13 her next birthday. 15.We are playing chess the moment. 16.My birthday is September 13th. 17.The party will start seven o'clock the evening. 10/ Adverbs of place (trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn): Thường đứng cuối mệnh đề và đứng trước trạng từ chỉ thời gian. (here - ở đây; there - ở kia; outside - ở bên ngoài; inside - ở bên trong; upstairs - ở tầng trên; downstairs - ở tầng dưới; around - quanh; out of the window - ở ngoài cửa sổ …) Ex: Come and sit here. EXERCISE: Choose the best answer 1.Come ,please ! ( there/here/inside) 2.I'm downstairs but he is ( outside/upstairs/here) 3.Please go and buy some snack! ( inside/here/downstairs) 4.Be careful or you may fall ( upstairs/inside/downstairs) 5.If it is very cold, you can go the classroom. ( inside/there/outside) 11/ Why - Because: E.g: Why were you late for class this morning? → Because I went to school on foot. EXERCISES: Make up question with “why ” and then answer them. 1. Ba didn’t work hard so he failed the exam. …………………………………………………………………………… 2. The shops were closed so Minh didn’t get any milk. …………………………………………………………………………… 6 Why + + S … ? → Because + clause (S + V + O) tobe trợ V 3. The headmaster was ill so Mai went in his place. …………………………………………………………………………… 4. It rained all day and night so they didn’t go to the beach. …………………………………………………………………………… 5. His car broke down on the way to the railway station so MR. Nam missed the train to Ha Noi. …………………………………………………………………………… 6. Ba didn’t have a city map so he got lost …………………………………………………………………………… 7. Nam was sick so he is absent today. …………………………………………………………………………… 8. Hoa practice speaking English all the time so she can speak English fluently. …………………………………………………………………………… 9. Mrs Hoa loves children very much so she want to be a teacher. …………………………………………………………………………… 10. Lan worked very hard for the exam so she got good marks. …………………………………………………………………………… 12/ USED TO (thường, đã từng): diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứ. e.g: - I used to live in HCM city . → S + USED TO + Vinf + O - I didn’t use to like milk, but now I like it. S + didn’t + USE TO + Vinf + O - Did you use to go there ? → Did + S + USE TO + Vinf + O? NOTE: Used to # Get / Be used to * Used to + V o : đã từng, đã thường Ex: I used to smoke, but I gave up 2 years ago. *Get / Be used to Sth Ex:You’ll soon get used to his sense of humour. (quen với) V_ing I’m used to getting up early I. Complete the sentences DRIVE LIVE LIVE LOOK TELL SHARE HAVE GET UP FLY DRIVE 1. I get up at 5:30 every day, so I’m used to _________________ early. 2. She’s German, so she’s not used to __________________ on the left yet. 3. They are used to ____________________ in a big house. 4. I come from a big family, so I’m used to __ with my brothers and sisters. 5. My father is often away on business, so I’m used to only ___________ my mother at home. 6. I haven’t lived in the country for very long, so I’m not used to _____________ miles to the nearest shop. 7. The children went to boarding school, so they are used to _______________ away from home. 8. He travels a lot for work, so he’s used to _________________ 9. As the oldest child, she’s used to ________________ after other children. 10. I’m new in this job, so I’m not used to _____________ people what to do. II. Choose the correct answer. 1 - I'm not used to ____ up this early.(get, getting) 2 - I used to ____ a lot.(read, reading) 3 - You'll have to get used to ____ on the right when you live there. (drive, driving) 4 - I didn't use to ____ it, but I do now.(like, liking) 5 - I found it hard to get used to ____ in such a hot country.(live, living) 6 - Where did you use to ____ when you visited?(stay, staying) 7 - It took me a while to get used to ____ the language.(speak, speaking) 8 - I used to ____ hard when I was a student.(work, working) 9 - Have you got used to ____ it yet?(do, doing) 10 - I'm not used to ____ so much tea.(drink, drinking) 11. My mother used to/ is used to cook on Sundays. 7 12. Didn't you use to swim/ swimming? 13. I didn't use to watch/ watching this much TV. 14. You will used to/ be used to noisy children soon. 15. Allison used to be/ being my best friend. 16. used to smoke/ smoking 10 cigarettes a day. 17. I was used to seeing/ see sunshine in Hawaii. 18. Are you used to eat/ eating spicy food? 19. My brother is used to get up/ getting up early for school. 20. Did you use/ used to eat meat? 13/ Adverbs of manner (Trạng từ chỉ thể cách): Cho biết điều gì đó xảy ra hoặc được thực hiện như thế nào. Được thành lập bằng cách: ADJ + ly = ADV Ex: bad → badly happy → happily beautiful → beautifully Soft → softly quick → quickly careful → carefully * Một số trường hợp đặc biệt: Good → well fast → fast early → early Hard → hard late → late * Vị trí: trạng từ chỉ thể cách đứng sau tân ngữ, sau động từ hoặc sau các trạng từ phụ tố.Đơi lúc nó có thể đứng gữa chủ ngữ và động từ nếu chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ của động từ. S + V + (O) + ADV Ex: Farmers often work very hard. S + ADV + V… Ex: She angrily closed the door. EXERCISES : I. Choose the correct form of the words in bold and match the sentences with the pictures. 1. Anna walks heavy / heavily. 1’. Betty is beautiful / beautifully. 2. Lean speaks Chinese fluent / fluently. 2’. Dave arrived late / lately. 3. Sindy learned Spanish quick / quickly. 3’. Maria usually sings sad / sadly. 4. Tim understands French good / well. 4’. The women work hard / hardly. 5. Mai Lee dresses correct / correctly. 5’. This soup tastes good / well. 6. The orchestra sounds bad / badly. 6’. Sergio likes to sing happy / happily songs. 7. the animal sees good / well. 7’. we like to live in a clean / cleanly house. 8. Anna ran fast / fastly at the Olympics. II. Complete the sentences using the right form of the word in brackets as an adjective or adverb. 1. He ______ reads a book. (quick) 1’.Tania is a ______ girl. (wonderful) 2. The class is _____ loud today. (terrible) 2’.Sam is a ______ singer. (good) 3. You can _____ open this tin. (easy) 3’.He spoke to me _____ . (soft) 4. It is a _____ day today. (terrible) 4’.They sing the song _____ (good). 5. He is a ______ driver. (careful) 5’.He drives the car _______. (careful) 6. The dog barks ___. (loud) 6’.The taxi drives was _____ injured. (serious) 7. Sandy is _____ clever. (extreme)7’.This hamburger tastes ______. (awful) 8. She is ____ with her parents. (tender)8’. She shouted at him ____. (angry) 9. Be ___________ with this glass of milk. It’s hot. (careful) 10. She looks ___________. What happened to her? (sad) 11. Don’t speak so ___________. I can’t understand. (fast) 14/ Command, requests and advice in reported speech (tường thuật, kể lại): a/ Command and requests (câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu trong câu nói gián tiếp): 8 * ù phải thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu) sao cho phù hợp. Bỏ dấu “ ” và từ “please” (nếu có) e.g: - Can you meet me after class? He asked me to meet him after class. - Don't leave your room, Tom she said. She told Tom not to have. Direct speech Reported speech S. present S. past Now then Will would Ago before Can could Today that day Must / have to had Tomorrow the next day Here there Yesterday the day before This that Last the previous These those Next the following b/ Advice in reported speech (lụứi khuyeõn trong lụứi noựi giaựn tieỏp): e.g: You should stop smoking he said. He said / told (that) I should stop smoking. S 1 + said / told (+that) + S 2 + should (not) + Vinf Or: S + advised + O + (not) + to-V + N Ex: He advised me to stop smoking. EXERCISES : Rewrite the following sentences into reported speech 1. Eat more fruits and vegetables. The doctor told me. - The doctor told me 2. Can you speak more slowly ? asked she. - She asked me 3. You should practise English everyday Mrs Jackson said to Tim. - Mrs Jackson said 4. "Could you buy me an English exercise book ? " - Nam asked Lan 5. " Please turn off the radio ' - Phuong told Tuan 6. "Can you help my son with his English ? " - Mai asked her friend 7. "Get up early to learn your lesson, Toan " - Toan's father told him 8. "Can you get back home by half past ten ? " - Loan's brother asked her 9. "Please post my letter to my mother! " 9 S + asked / told + Obj + (not) + to-Vinf. requested ordered - Mom asked me 10." Please give your parents your report card" - The teacher told her 11." Can you show me the way to the bank ? " - He asked me 12.He said:’ Tan, you should practice speaking English everyday.” 13.She said:” We should read this sentence more carefully, Hung.” 14.“You should prepare your lesson before going to school, Na.” Tam said 15.He said: “You should spend more time on your English, Miss Lien.” 16.Minh said:” You shouldn’t use your car too much time” 15/ Gerunds (danh động từ) = Verb _ ing: * Sau các động từ: like, hate, love, enjoy, avoid, begin, consider, continue, finish, mind , prefer, suggest, stop… + V_ing Ex: I like studying English. * Sau giới từ ( in, at, with, without, about ) Ex: She’s interested in studying English. *Đứng đầu câu làm chủ ngữ Ex: Studying English is her interest. EXERCISES: Complete the sentences, using -ing form of the verbs 1.Linh suggested (go) out for a meal. 2.I started (work) in this office when I was seventeen. 3.We like (watch) television on winter evenings. 4.I remember (be) afraid of the dark as a young child. 5.I love (read) a good book. 6.I prefer (have) a shower to a bath. 7.I had to stop (play) tennis when I hurt my back. 8.Do you enjoy (listen) to music ? 16/ Modal: May, Can, Could + V o - May I help you? (Yêu cầu người khác làm điều gì cho mình) - Can / Could you help me? (Đề nghò giúp đỡ người khác làm gì) 17/ Comparisons a/ Like (giống như): Like + N / Pronoun Ex: You look like your mother. b/ as … as , not so / as… as (bằng, khơng bằng) e.g:- He is as tall as his father. - Nam speaks E as well as Mary. (Thể xác đònh) - Hoa doesn’t speak French as well as the French. ⇒ (Thể phủ đònh) c/ (not) the same ( ) as (giống, khơng giống) ≠ different from ( khác với) e.g: + Her hair isn't the same color as her mother's + She is very different from her sister. 10 S + + as + + as + N / Pro be not S + don't + so / as + + as + N / Pro doesn't + Vinf didn't adj adv ⇒ be V adj adv . Vị trí: trạng từ chỉ thể cách đứng sau tân ngữ, sau động từ hoặc sau các trạng từ phụ tố.Đơi lúc nó có thể đứng gữa chủ ngữ và động từ nếu chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ của động từ. S + V +. Reflexive pronouns: Đại từ phản thân dùng để nhấn mạnh, diễn tả ý tự mình làm cho mình - Được dùng như túc từ của một động từ (ex: I cut myself) - Được dùng sau một động từ + giới từ (ex: He spoke to. lệnh, yêu cầu trong câu nói gián tiếp): 8 * ù phải thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu) sao cho phù hợp. Bỏ dấu “ ” và từ “please” (nếu có) e.g: - Can you meet me after class? He asked