mô hình xử lý dfd (data flow dlagram)

CHUaNG 1 MO HitiH xU LY DFD (DATA FLOW DIAGRAM) <)\ Trang: 4 1. Phu'dngphap phan tich DFD [3] - 1.1. T~i sao phiii co cong C\ld~ h6 trq vi~c phan tfch thie'tke'? Khi xay d\l'ng mQth~ thong thong tin ngoai nhung kh6 khan v'e ky thu~t, slf thie'u hi€u bie't v'e kie'n thuc qUailIy cua h~ thong dang duQc xay dlfng, con mQt kh6 khan khong kem ph'an quail tn;mg la cac van d'e traG d6i thong tin: giii'a nhii'ng nguai c6 trinh dQ khac nhau trang nh6m phat tri€n xay dlfng h~ thong, giii'anhung nguai d~ithang, nguai sa d~ng va nh6m phat tri€n h~ thong. Cac kh6 khan th€ hi~n d mQtso di€m c~ th€ sail: a. Thong thuang cac nha qUailIy thuang d~t cac yell c'au chung chung v'e h~ thong ma hQ c'an, va nguai sa d~ng thi chi bie't cac cong vi~c trang ph~m vi cua minh ma it bie't de'n moi lien h~ voi cac bQph~n khac. Vi v~y ma phan tich vien phai bie't cach gQi md va dung mQtphuong phap naG d6 d€ nguai dung hi€u r6 hon cac cong vi~c cua minh. b. Ph'an Ion nguai slYd~lllgkhong th€ hinh dung duQc slf ho~t dQng cua h~ th6ng thong tin sail nay. HQkhong bie't dii'li~u se duQcxli Iy va th€ hi~n ra saG, may tinh se clIng cap eho hQnhii'ngbaa bi€u naG, vi the' vi~c cling cap mQtbue tranh toan canh v'e mo hinh ho~t dQng cua h~ thong g'an gui voi cae eong vi~c cua hQla mQtdi'eu he't suc c'anthie't. c. Phan tich thie't ke' mQth~ thong thong tin doi hoi phai hi€u bie't Luongt~n tung chi tie't, ca v'e cong vi~c qUail Iy Hinky thu~t. Bay la khoi luQng cong vi~c IOnlieu phi nhi'eu thai gian. Nhung lam the' naG d€ nhin duQc loan canh va cac m6i lien h~ LIangh~ thong nhung khi muon di VaGchi tie't cua mQtph'an naG d6 thi vftne6 du thong tin? . - - - . . d. Vi~c th€ hi~n nhii'ngchi tie't clia h~ thong moi, voi d'ay du cac d~c ta de -t~o nit5mtin cho ngl(ai sa d~lllg,m~c du bay gia c6 mQtso van dt5hQchua hi€u hoan loan. e. Ne'u xay dlfng cac tai li~u mo ta dung ligon ngii' cua nguai dung, thi l£;ii khong hii'll d~ng cho ngl(ai thitt ke' v~t Iy va I~p trinh, nhung ne'u nguoi phan tichqua di sail VaGd~c d tung chuc liang, I~ide lam cho nguai I~p trinh mat tinh dQcI~pd€ tim ra mQtcach giai quye't tot nhat. Do d6 tai li~u mo d h~ thong c'an phai xay dlfng the' naGcho phu hQp d€ nguoi dung c6 th€ hi€u va khong gay kh6 khan cho nguai I~}})trinh? Voi cac van d'e LIenvi~c tim ra mQt ligon ngii' chung mo hinh h6a cac h~ th6ng thong tin d€ vi~c traG d6i giii'a nguai sa d~ng va nh6m phat tri€n, giii'a nhungthanh vien trong nh6m phat tri€n duQCde dang la htt suc c'an thie't. Hi~n Trang: 5 nay da co mQt so' phuong phap d~ giai quye't va'n dt3nay, trong do DFD (Data flow diagram) fa mQtphuong phap duQcdung kha ph6 bie'n. Tuy nhien day khong phai Ia nQidung chinh cua lu~n van, nen lac gia khong cling ca'p day du cac kie'n thuc vt3mo hinh DFD, ma chi cling dip cac kie'n thuc can ban can thie't d~ b<:tndQcco th~ till hi~u cac phan can l<:timQtcach d~ dang ma thai. 1.2. Ve sd d6 dong dii'li~u Trang phan tich thie't ke' h~ th6ng chung ta can phai nh~n ra nhilng th~c the ben ngoai, kho dil li~u, dong dil li~u cling nhu cac bie'n d6i cua dil li~u truck lac dQngcua cac dong dil li~u. £)~mo ta h~ th6ng mQtcach day du chung ta can dua ra cac do hinh don gian d~ mo ta cac d6i tuQnglIen. Cac quy uck ky hi~u [3] 1.2.1. Cae thlj'ethi hihzngoiLi Thuong dtIQCdung de chi S\Iv~t hay nguoi ben ngoai h~ th6ng, co th~ cling dip dil li~u cho h~ th6ng hay nh~n cac dil li~u tu h~ th6ng. Vi dl;t:khach hang, nhan vien, nha cling ca'p, phong ke' loan, kho hang £)~ ve il1Qtth~c th~ bell ngoai chung ta dung il1Qthinh vuong voi 2 c<:tnhlIen va ben trai duQc ve 2 net. Th~c th~ bell ngoai duQc chi dinh bdi cac ky ~ d goc lIen ben trai cua hinh vuong. D Trang truong hQpth~c th~ ben ngoai co nhit3udong dil li~u lien quail d~ tranh s~ chong cheo cac dong dil li~u, chung ta co th~ ve l~p l<:tith~c th~ ben ngoai nhi'eu lan, va nh~n d<:tngchung bang cach ve them cac duong cheo d goc duoi bell phai. Vi d~: KHA.CH HAN~<,~\ ~ NHAN VIEN c NHAN VIEN a c a NHA CUNG CAP KHA.CH HANG ffinh 1 Cac th~c th~ ben ngoai Trang: 6 1.2.2. Dong dilli?u C6 th<3xem nhu mQt 6ng d§:n trong d6 dli li~u duQc chuy<3ndi. Dong dli li~u duQc ve bai cac mlii ten, httang cua mlii ten chi huang cua dong dii' li~u. Mlii ten hai chien c6 th~ duQc dung d<3thay cho 2 mlii ten gi6ng nhau nhung nguQc huang. Di~u chinh Kho Hlnh 2: Cac dong dCi'li~u. Cae thl!e th~, kho dCi'li~u va cae xU'ly dell c6 th~ Ia ngu6n xua't phat hay la dich de'n eua dong dii'li~u. Cac phien ban truac day doi hai phai ghi phan ma ta dong dii'li~u bang chii'nha a phia tIeD nhu a hinh 2, nhung hi~n nay khi da dinb nghIa nQidung tl! di~n dITli~u, thi phan ma telduQcghi bang chITIOnchi ra rang n6 da duQcma teltrong tl! di<3ndli li~u. Vi dl!-:ne'u chung nhin vao BAo-BIEU- BAN-HANG trong tl! di<3ndii'li~u chung ta se tha'y cac thanh phan cua n6 dttQc li~tke nbu san: -BAo-BIEU-BAN-HANG-HANG-NGA Y PHA.N-TICH-PHV0NG- HVONG-BAN-HANG ~ / ~ ? / , PHAN-TICH-HI~U-QUA -BAN-HANG ~ / /, ?;! PHAN-TICH-BAN-HANG-THEO-SAN-PHAM Trong mQtso'truong hQpne'u y nghla cua dong dli li~u da ro rang chung ta c6 the khang can ghi phan ma fa. Tuy nhien trong mQts6truong hQpl~i ra't kh6 ma ta day du y nghla cua dong dii' li~u. B6i vai nhling truong hQp nhu v~y thi my thuQcvao tinh qualJ.,tn;mgcua cac d6i tu'QngIDaIData cho thich hQp.Vi dl.l:Ne'u illQtkhach hang c6 th<3gai de'n: ddn d~t hang, thanh loan, loi than phien, cac truyva'nthi chung ta khang Denve: Trang: 7 c KHACH HANG Kim Ira Philn tich Bao biu ban hfmg NHA ban hfmg QUAN LY c Ddn d~t hang Thanhtoan Cae call hoi KHACH HANG Lei than phiSn San ph1lmtra vS Phiin Io~i gIao dieh Cae call hoi Lei than phiSn ma tuy VaGhi~n tr<;lng,ne'u xli' Iy "phan lo<;ligiao dich" la quail trQng chung ta lien dung mQt khai ni~m chung "giaodich khach hang" d€ chi tftt ca cac thong tin ma khach hang gdi Wi va gom chung thanh mQt dong dii'li~u duy nhftt. c KHACH HANG Giao dieh Khaeh hang Phiin Io~i giao dieh Cae call hoi Lei than phiSn nhung ne'u Xll'ly "phan 10<;ligiao dich" khong quail trQng chung ta co th~ bo no va chuy~n thong tin tr~(ctie'p de'n cac xli' ly tu'ong ling. c KHACH HANG Cae call hOi Ghi nh~n thanh loan Sua Ddn d~t hang Xu 1;' eae cau h6i 1.2.3. Xu Ii Xli'ly du'qcth€ hi~n b~ng hlnh chii'nh~t iron goc, m6i xli'Iy co mQtdinh danh duy nhftt.Xli'ly thu'ongduqc chia lam 3 ph'an: r(';~ Trang: 8 Dinh daub M6 tachilc niing Tharn khao v~t ly Phan djnh danh co th6 1a mQt so, thuong du<;Jcdanh so ill' trai qua phai trong ma hinh DFD nhung khang co 9 nghla gi hon ngoai vi~c Ia chi danh cua xii' 19, bdi vi mQt vai xii' 19co th6 du<;Jcph an chia thanh 2 hay nhieu xii' 19 va ngu<;Jcl(;1i nhieu xii' 19 co th~ h<;Jpnha't t(;1othanh mQt xii' 19. Ngo(;1itru truong h<;Jpphilo chia hay hQp nha't, cac xii' 19con l(;1ikhong duQc thay d6i chi danh, bdi vi chung duQc dung d nhieu dong dli 1i~uva d cac muc philo ra tha'p bon. M6 tel cllltc nc1ngnen sii' dl;!ng call m~nh l~nh, ba:t d'au b~ng mQt dQng tu va IDeo san 1a mQt m~nh de d6i tu nhung cang don gian cang t6t. Vi d¥: Nh~p - chi tiel khach hang mojo Ki6m tra - <Tiatri tin dun<Tcua khach han<T. b . . b b Tham khdo v(llly ph'an nay lien quail den giai do(;1nthiet ke v~t 19,no cho bitt xii'19du<;Jcthtfc hi~n bdi ai, hay bQph~n nao phl;!trach. 29 37 Nhap chi titt khach hang. moi Tinh gia tri thanh phii'm Ban hang PM205 BQ ph~n Ten chuang trinh MQt xii' 19 thtfc hi~n vi~c ki6m tra va co th6 cho nhieu kha nang ket qua chung ta gQino Ia xa ly di~u khiln. 1.2.4. Klzo dilli~'u DuQcdung d~ 1u'utn1'dli 1i~u.Kho dli 1i~uduQcve b~ng hai duong th£ng n~m ngang song song va dong kin illQtd'au.M6i kho dli li~u duQcchi danh bdi chITD theo san Ia mQtso'nguyen my yd~t trong illQt khung bell trai. Trang: 9 [§] PHIEU THU CHI Trang tniang hQp d~ tranh chong cheo cac dong dIT1i~u, chung ta co ve kho dli 1i~u l~p l~i vai fan va nh~n d~ng ra chung bAng cach them cac v~ch dung ben trai. Vi dl;l: ~ KHACH HANG EJ NHAN VIEN EI KHACH HANG Khi tmy xul1t mQt kho dIT1i~u mlii ten dong dli 1i~u di VaGkho th~ hi~n mQt s1! c~p nh~t sli'a d6i thong tin kho dIT1i~u. NguQc l~i mlii ten di ra th~ hi~n kho dIT 1i~u duQc tmy xul1t duoi d~ng chi cho phep dQc. GiiJliim \i~c Nhap giiJ lam \'iec I D2 [ NGAY CONG ? Cae chi ti€t tinh lu'dng Tfnh lu'dng 1.2.5. QllYzt(jcv~ vi?cae muc pluit triill M6i mQtxli' 19d milc cao co th~ phat tri~n thanh mQtso dB dong dli li~u clla chinh no d muc thl1phon va ma hlnh DFD chi tiel cua xli'19nay duQcgQila mQt h? thongcon. M6i xu 19d h~ thong con din phai th~ hi~n moi quan h~ cua chung voi cac muc lIen. Do do cac xli'19d muc thl1pthuang dltQCdanh so la ph'an th~p phan cua muc lIen no. Vi dl;l:xu 1929 duQc phan di thanh cac xli'1929.1, 29.2, 29.3 va neu c'anco th~ phan ra xuong muc thu ba nhu 29.3.1,29.3.2. Cach th~ hi~n r6 rang nhl1tla ve so dB dong dli li~u d muc thl1pben trong cac dltong bien bi~u dien so dB d muc cao bon, r6 rang tl1tca cac dong dli li~u VaG va ra xu 19d muc cao d~u phai di qua duong bien. Cac kho dli li~u chi duQcsli'dl;lngbdi xli'19nay se nAmben trang, nguQc l~i nhlingkho dIT1i~uduQcdung chung voi cac xli'19khac chung phai duQcd~t nAm lIen duong bien. Cac th\1c th~ ben ngoai khang duQc d~t ben trang duang bien, ngay ca truong hqp th\1cth~ do chi duQc dung duy nhl1t bdi xli' 19. <!\ Trang truong hQp dong dli 1i~u giao vdi dong dli li~u khac hay giao vdi mQt kho dli li~u, chung ta co th~ dung mQt cung lIon d~ th~ hi~n r6 duong di cua dong dli li~u. Trang: 10 ~ l- I 2. Vi d\1ung d\1ng cua phuong phap DFD trong phan tich thie't ke' h~ thO'ng thong tin VI d~ nay duQc lac gia 1a'ytir mQtb~i loan th\lc te', nh~m m~c dich giup b£:ln dQchieu duQcvi~c xay d\lng m6 hlnh DFD duQctie'n hanh ra saG?N6 cling duQc sii'd~ng trong cac chuang tie'p IDeo de minh hQa cho cac ph'an 19thuye't trong m6i chuang. Bai toan: MQtc6ng ty san xua't banh k~o baa g6m 1 nha may san xua't va 3 chi nhanh phan phoi san ph~m. T£:linha may chlnh va m6i chi nhanh dell c6 kho rieng d~ tan tn1'hang h6a. C6ng ty dang c'anling d~ng tin hQcVaGvi~c qUail19nh~p kho va ban hang t£:licac chi nhanh. Vi~c ban hang dtlQc tie'n hanh b~ng cach nhan vien tie'p thi de'n chao hang va yell c'au khach hang (c6 the 1a khach hang Cll ho~c mai) ghi don d~t hang, va hang se dtlQc giao sam nha't 1a sail mQt ngay. Kbach hang c6 th~ thanh loan lam nhieu 1'ancho mQth6a don ban hang. C6ng vi~c quail 19 t£:lichi nhanhg6m cac ph'an va thu wc chi tie't duQc th~lc hi~n nhu sail : 2.1. Nh~p hang tit tang cong ty . Chi nhanh vie't p.hie'ud~ ngJ~ixua'thang. . T6ng c6ng ty vie'tboa don xua't va chuy~n hang cho chi nhanh. . Chi nhanh vie't phie'u nh~p kho theo s6 luQng th\lc te' va nh~p hang VaG kho. . Ne'u s61tlQngnh~p th\lc te'kh6ng dung vai h6a don xua't cua t6ng c6ng ty, thl chi nhanh vie'tphie'u b6i thuong cho tai xe' va baa ve t6ng c6ng ty. 2.2.Ban hang cho khach . Nhan vien tie'p thi de'n chao hang. <'~\ . Khach hang vie't don d~t hang gdi cho chi nhanh th6ng qua nhan vien tie'p thi. . Chi nhanh kiem tra dnh hQp1~cua don d~t hang. rI:)H.~H.TlrNHIEN1 . Ne'u don hang khang h<JpI~ tnllt;li eho khaeh hang. . Ne'u don hang h<JpI~ thi ki~m tra kho xem e6 dli hang d~ giao khang '1 Ne'u khang dli hang se ghi nh~n It;licae don d~t hang ehua du<Jegiai quye't, dong thai vie't phie'u d~ nghi xuftt hang gdi eho tang eang ty. . E>6ivdi cae don d~t hang dli hang giao thi t~p h<Jpcae don d~t hang eung tuye'n duang vao chung mQtxe giao hang. . Vie't phie'u d~ nghi xufttkh~ eho cae xe giao hang. . Vie't h6a don eho cae don d~t hang va xuftt hang d~ nhan vien giao hang di giao eho khaeh hang. 2.3. Theo doi cong mj cua khach himg . C~p nh~t eang n<Jciia khaeh hang. . Khaeh hang thanh loan eho nhan vien tie'p thi. . Nhan vien tie'p th!nQpti~n eho bQph~n ke' loan. . Ke' loan vie't phieu thu ti~n eho khaeh hang. . Ke' loan c~p nh~t rang n<Jcua khaeh hang. Bay giGchung ta se I~p ma bing DFD d~ ma hinh h6a loan bQcae xii'19eua cac rang vi~c qlU:ln19tren. Tn1oche't chung ta l~p ma hinh tang th~, d day c6: Hai tl71!cthE herz ngocli 1. TONG CONG TY 2. KHAcH HANG . - . Niim xi( ly chinh 1. Nh~p hang cho chi nhanh. 2. Ki~m tra don d~t hang. 3. Ki~m tra kho va xuftthang. 4. Thea d6i cang n<;icua khaeh hang. 5. L~p cae baa eao nh~p xufttton kho va eang n<J. Cac kho da lifu <'~\ I. Danh m~c khach hang - luu tra danh saeh eua tilt ca cae khach hang. 2. Danh m~c san ph§'m- lu'utra danh saeh eua t{t ea cae san ph§'m. Trang: 12 3. Phie'u nh~p kho cua chi nhanh - hm tru tilt ca.cac phie'u nh~p kho cua chi nhanh. 4. Phie'u xuilt kho cua chi nhanh - lu'u tru tilt ca d.c phie'u xuilt kho cua chi nhanh. 5. ton kho cua chi nhanh - hill tru so lu'c;ington kho hang h6a cua chi nhanh. 6. Bdn d~t hang - luu tru tilt ca ddn d~t hang mdi va ddn d~t hang cho giao l~i tru'dc d6 cua khcichhang. Tr~ng thai "mdi" hay "cho giao l~i" cua cac ddn d~t hang du'c;iCphan bi~t bdi thuQctinh trgng thai. 7. H6a ddn - luu tru tilt ca h6a ddn cua khach hang. 8. Cong nc;ikhach hang - lu'u tru cac fan thanh loan cua tung h6a ddn, cua khach hang. 9. Phie'uxuiltkho cua tang cong ty - lu'utru tilt ca phie'uxuiltkho cua tang cong ty xuiit hang cho chi nhanh. 10.Phie'u boi thu'ong Citatai xe' - luu tru thong tin boi thu'ong cua tai xe' trong tru'ong hc;ipxay ra milt hang. Trang: 13 [...]... hang ffinh 7: Mo hillh DFD ciia xiiii' "Theo doi collg m! ciia kluicll hilllg" '\ 4 Thea d6i cong nd cua Khach halHT 4.1 E2 'RHAcH HANG 4.2 - ,NQp tih / Vie't phie'u thu - ~ PHrEU THU \ Phie'u tllU 4.3 ,1\ qp nh~t cong n~ 1DSI CONGNQ / "- Trang: 19 3 Nhfi'ng h~n che' cua phuong phap DFD va huang khiic ph\lc Qua cae ph'an trlnh bay lIen chung ta c6 mQt vai daub gia v'e phuong phap DFD nhu sail: Uu diim... nhu uoen,cang vi~c tie'p theo la xay dl1ng cac lu~t dftn xufit d€ chuy€n cac quy udc ky hi~u cua ma hinh DFD sang ma hinh mdi, thl1c hi~n till kie'm cac moi quail h~ tan t~i trong ma hinh mdi, tir d6 phan anh nguQc I~i cac moi quail h~ leu ma hinh DFD, dang thai dl1avao chung d€ ki€m tra ma hinhDFD Tren co sd yell c'au d~t ra nhu the', m~ng PeuoiduQc xay dl1ng LIen co sd loan hQc ch~t che, cling vdi... ne'u bi ma't hang Hlnh 4: M{j hillh DFD ciia xli lj UNhqp hll1zg VllOchi llluillh 1 Nh~p hang vao chi nhanh 09 I P XUAT TCT 1.1 TONG CONG TY H6a deiu xui;'! kh-o 1.3 1.2 Vie't hoa don :mat kho El Ki~m tra s6h1 . CHUaNG 1 MO HitiH xU LY DFD (DATA FLOW DIAGRAM) <) Trang: 4 1. Phu'dngphap phan tich DFD [3] - 1.1. T~i sao phiii co cong Cld~ h6 trq vi~c phan tfch. Hi~n Trang: 5 nay da co mQt so' phuong phap d~ giai quye't va'n dt3nay, trong do DFD (Data flow diagram) fa mQtphuong phap duQcdung kha ph6 bie'n. Tuy nhien day khong phai Ia nQidung. DFD trong phan tich thie't ke' h~ thO'ng thong tin VI d~ nay duQc lac gia 1a'ytir mQtb~i loan thlc te', nh~m m~c dich giup b£:ln dQchieu duQcvi~c xay dlng m6 hlnh DFD