BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING – FROM THEORY TO APPLICATIONS Edited by Reza Fazel-Rezai Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications Edited by Reza Fazel-Rezai Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Davor Vidic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright Leigh Prather, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published August, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications, Edited by Reza Fazel-Rezai p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-637-9 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Biomedical Web, Collections and Meta-Analysis Literature Applications 1 Layla Michán, Israel Muñoz-Velasco, Eduardo Alvarez and Lyssania Macías Chapter 2 Biomedical HIV Prevention 23 Gita Ramjee and Claire Whitaker Chapter 3 Physiological Cybernetics: An Old-Novel Approach for Students in Biomedical Systems 47 Alberto Landi, Marco Laurino and Paolo Piaggi Chapter 4 Biomedical Signal Transceivers 63 Reza Fazel-Rezai, Noah Root, Ahmed Rabbi, DuckHee Lee and Waqas Ahmad Chapter 5 Column Coupling Electrophoresis in Biomedical Analysis 81 Peter Mikuš and Katarína Maráková Chapter 6 Design Principles for Microfluidic Biomedical Diagnostics in Space 131 Emily S. Nelson Chapter 7 Biotika®: ISIFC’s Virtual Company or Biomedical pre Incubation Accelerated Process 157 Butterlin Nadia, Soto Romero Georges, Guyon Florent and Pazart Lionel Chapter 8 Nano-Engineering of Complex Systems: Smart Nanocarriers for Biomedical Applications 181 L.G. Guerrero-Ramírez and Issa Katime VI Contents Chapter 9 Targeted Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Tumor Imaging and Therapy 203 Xianghong Peng, Hongwei Chen, Jing Huang, Hui Mao and Dong M. Shin Chapter 10 An Ancient Model Organism to Test In Vivo Novel Functional Nanocrystals 225 Claudia Tortiglione Chapter 11 Nanocrystalline Thin Ceramic Films Synthesised by Pulsed Laser Deposition and Magnetron Sputtering on Metal Substrates for Medical Applications 253 Adele Carradò, Hervé Pelletier and Thierry Roland Chapter 12 Micro-Nano Technologies for Cell Manipulation and Subcellular Monitoring 275 M.J. Lopez-Martinez and E.M. Campo Chapter 13 Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications and Their Safety Concerns 299 Jonghoon Choi and Nam Sun Wang Chapter 14 Male Circumcision: An Appraisal of Current Instrumentation 315 Brian J. Morris and Chris Eley Chapter 15 Trends in Interdisciplinary Studies Revealing Porphyrinic Compounds Multivalency Towards Biomedical Application 355 Radu Socoteanu, Rica Boscencu, Anca Hirtopeanu, Gina Manda, Anabela Sousa Oliveira, Mihaela Ilie and Luis Filipe Vieira Ferreira Chapter 16 The Potential of Genetically Engineered Magnetic Particles in Biomedical Applications 391 Tomoko Yoshino, Yuka Kanetsuki and Tadashi Matsunaga Chapter 17 Metals for Biomedical Applications 411 Hendra Hermawan, Dadan Ramdan and Joy R. P. Djuansjah Chapter 18 Orthopaedic Modular Implants Based on Shape Memory Alloys 431 Daniela Tarnita, Danut Tarnita and Dumitru Bolcu Chapter 19 A Mechanical Cell Model and Its Application to Cellular Biomechanics 469 Yoshihiro Ujihara, Masanori Nakamura and Shigeo Wada Preface There have been different definitions for Biomedical Engineering. One of them is the application of engineering disciplines, technology, principles, and design concepts to medicine and biology. As this definition implies, biomedical engineering helps closing the gap between“engineering” and “medicine”. There are many different disciplines in engineering field such as aerospace, chemical, civil, computer, electrical, genetic, geological, industrial, mechanical. On the other hand, in the medical field, there are several fields of study such as anesthesiology, cardiology, dermatology, emergency medicine, gastroenterology, orthopedics, neuroscience, pathology, pediatrics, psychiatry, radiology, and surgery. Biomedical engineering can be considered as a bridge connecting field(s) in engineering to field(s) in medicine. Creating such a bridge requires understanding and major cross - disciplinary efforts by engineers, researchers, and physicians at health institutions, research institutes, and industry sectors. Depending on where this connection has happened, different areas of research in biomedical engineering have been shaped. In all different areas in biomedical engineering, the ultimate objectives in research and education are to improve the quality life, reduce the impact of disease on the everyday life of individuals, and provide an appropriate infrastructure to promote and enhance the interaction of biomedical engineering researchers. In general, biomedical engineering has several disciplines including, but not limited to, bioinstrumentation, biostatistics, and biomaterial, biomechanics, biosignal, biosystem, biotransportation, clinical, tissue, rehabilitation and cellular engineering. Experts in biomedical engineering, a young area for research and education, are working in various industry and government sectors, hospitals, research institutions, and academia. The U.S. Department of Labor estimates that the job market for biomedical engineering will increase by 72%, faster than the average of all occupations in engineering. Therefore, there is a need to extend the research in this area and train biomedical engineers of tomorrow. This book is prepared in two volumes to introduce a recent advances in different areas of biomedical engineering such as biomaterials, cellular engineering, biomedical devices, nanotechnology, and biomechanics. Different chapters in both volumes are X Preface stand-alone and readers can start from any chapter that they are interested in. It is hoped that this book brings more awareness about the biomedical engineering field and helps in completing or establishing new research areas in biomedical engineering. As the editor, I would like to thank all the authors of different chapters. Without your contributions, it would not be possible to have a quality book and help in the growth of biomedical engineering. Dr. Reza Fazel-Rezai University of North Dakota Grand Forks, ND, USA [...]... http://biotext.berkeley.edu/ BITOLA - Biomedical Discovery Support System http://ibmi.mf.uni-lj.si/bitola/?oe=bitola 18 Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications EBIMed http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Rebholz-srv/ebimed FABLE - Fast Automated Biomedical Literature Extraction http://fable.chop.edu/?hgsid=null&submitbutton=View+browser&submithit=true LitMiner http://www.litminer.com MEDIE - Semantic retrieval... M.-H., & Ho, Y.-S (2009) Global stem cell research trend: Bibliometric analysis as a tool for mapping of trends from 1991 to 2006 Scientometrics, 80(1), 3 9-5 8 22 Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications Melero, R (2005) Acceso abierto a las publicaciones científicas: definición, recursos, copyright e impacto El profesional de la información, vol 14, n 4 (jul.-ago.), p 255266 Merriam-Webster... community - BioWizard http://www.biowizard.com BITOLA - Biomedical Discovery Support System http://ibmi.mf.uni-lj.si/bitola PubCrawler Web Service http://pubcrawler.gen.tcd.ie 19 20 Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications askMEDLINE http://askmedline.nlm.nih.gov/ask/ask.php iHOP - Information Hyperlinked over Proteins http://www.ihop-net.org/UniPub/iHOP NCBO BioPortal: Welcome to the NCBO... (http://www.gopubmed.org /web/gopubmed/1?WEB10O00h00100090000) Your keywords are submitted to PubMed and the resulting abstracts are classified using Gene Ontology and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) 16 Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications MeSH is a hierarchical vocabulary covering biomedical and health-related topics GeneOntology is a hierarchical vocabulary for molecular biology covering cellular... allows instant access to digital data collections updated with information generated by the 2 Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications specialists (Faciola, 2009) The power of the new electronic technologies has increased exponential, we have designed a lot of applications that allow you to group, sort and display documents which have reduced power, cost and time required to analyze literature... Ask But there are some scholar biomedical search engines that filter and index specialized and certified web pages like Scirus, Scientific WebPlus, Orefil, Nextbio or Quertle (Table 1) 6 Biomedical search engine Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications Total records Is an open Web search engine created by Thomson Reuters that harnesses the power of our editorial expertise, controlled vocabularies,... [VI] Yes, via e-mail and bibliography managers EndNote, Reference Manager, and ProCite No Yes, by downloading a file 9 10 Displayed documents references Links to full text electronic document Search by keyword Abstract Interface language URL Related document Web 2.0 apps Document selection criteria Records meta-analysis* Tools Advantages Disadvantages Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications. .. http://bioportal.bioontology.org Gene-L'EXPO http://www.genelexpo.jp/genelexpo Home - BioMedLib™ search engine http://www.relemed.com BioIE - Extracting informative sentences from the biomedical literature http://www.bioinf.manchester.ac.uk/dbbrowser/bioie PubMed Assistant http://metnet.vrac.iastate.edu/browser e-LiSe - text mining tool for Medline data http://miron.ibb.waw.pl/elise/index.html FACTA - Finding... repository as one that contains or stores something nonmaterial Repositories of literature are understood as large files that store digital texts composed of a group of services designed to capture, store, manage, preserve and redistribute the documentation to a certain audience or a specific user community (Pappalardo and Fitzegerald, 2007) Emerged from. .. developed a post-exposure 24 Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications rabies anti-toxin which he also called a vaccine (Hoenig, 1986), thus broadening the definition of the term to include any applied substance which induced an immune response and conferred protection against subsequent infection (Atkinson et al., 2002) Vaccine development and production continued apace from that point onwards, . BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING – FROM THEORY TO APPLICATIONS Edited by Reza Fazel-Rezai Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications Edited by Reza Fazel-Rezai. obtained from orders@intechweb.org Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications, Edited by Reza Fazel-Rezai p. cm. ISBN 97 8-9 5 3-3 0 7-6 3 7-9 free online editions of InTech Books. Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications 2 specialists (Faciola, 2009). The power of the new electronic technologies has increased exponential, we have designed a lot of applications