BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING – FROM THEORY TO APPLICATIONS Edited by Reza Fazel-Rezai Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications Edited by Reza Fazel-Rezai Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Davor Vidic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright Leigh Prather, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published August, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications, Edited by Reza Fazel-Rezai p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-637-9 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Biomedical Web, Collections and Meta-Analysis Literature Applications 1 Layla Michán, Israel Muñoz-Velasco, Eduardo Alvarez and Lyssania Macías Chapter 2 Biomedical HIV Prevention 23 Gita Ramjee and Claire Whitaker Chapter 3 Physiological Cybernetics: An Old-Novel Approach for Students in Biomedical Systems 47 Alberto Landi, Marco Laurino and Paolo Piaggi Chapter 4 Biomedical Signal Transceivers 63 Reza Fazel-Rezai, Noah Root, Ahmed Rabbi, DuckHee Lee and Waqas Ahmad Chapter 5 Column Coupling Electrophoresis in Biomedical Analysis 81 Peter Mikuš and Katarína Maráková Chapter 6 Design Principles for Microfluidic Biomedical Diagnostics in Space 131 Emily S. Nelson Chapter 7 Biotika®: ISIFC’s Virtual Company or Biomedical pre Incubation Accelerated Process 157 Butterlin Nadia, Soto Romero Georges, Guyon Florent and Pazart Lionel Chapter 8 Nano-Engineering of Complex Systems: Smart Nanocarriers for Biomedical Applications 181 L.G. Guerrero-Ramírez and Issa Katime VI Contents Chapter 9 Targeted Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Tumor Imaging and Therapy 203 Xianghong Peng, Hongwei Chen, Jing Huang, Hui Mao and Dong M. Shin Chapter 10 An Ancient Model Organism to Test In Vivo Novel Functional Nanocrystals 225 Claudia Tortiglione Chapter 11 Nanocrystalline Thin Ceramic Films Synthesised by Pulsed Laser Deposition and Magnetron Sputtering on Metal Substrates for Medical Applications 253 Adele Carradò, Hervé Pelletier and Thierry Roland Chapter 12 Micro-Nano Technologies for Cell Manipulation and Subcellular Monitoring 275 M.J. Lopez-Martinez and E.M. Campo Chapter 13 Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications and Their Safety Concerns 299 Jonghoon Choi and Nam Sun Wang Chapter 14 Male Circumcision: An Appraisal of Current Instrumentation 315 Brian J. Morris and Chris Eley Chapter 15 Trends in Interdisciplinary Studies Revealing Porphyrinic Compounds Multivalency Towards Biomedical Application 355 Radu Socoteanu, Rica Boscencu, Anca Hirtopeanu, Gina Manda, Anabela Sousa Oliveira, Mihaela Ilie and Luis Filipe Vieira Ferreira Chapter 16 The Potential of Genetically Engineered Magnetic Particles in Biomedical Applications 391 Tomoko Yoshino, Yuka Kanetsuki and Tadashi Matsunaga Chapter 17 Metals for Biomedical Applications 411 Hendra Hermawan, Dadan Ramdan and Joy R. P. Djuansjah Chapter 18 Orthopaedic Modular Implants Based on Shape Memory Alloys 431 Daniela Tarnita, Danut Tarnita and Dumitru Bolcu Chapter 19 A Mechanical Cell Model and Its Application to Cellular Biomechanics 469 Yoshihiro Ujihara, Masanori Nakamura and Shigeo Wada Preface There have been different definitions for Biomedical Engineering. One of them is the application of engineering disciplines, technology, principles, and design concepts to medicine and biology. As this definition implies, biomedical engineering helps closing the gap between“engineering” and “medicine”. There are many different disciplines in engineering field such as aerospace, chemical, civil, computer, electrical, genetic, geological, industrial, mechanical. On the other hand, in the medical field, there are several fields of study such as anesthesiology, cardiology, dermatology, emergency medicine, gastroenterology, orthopedics, neuroscience, pathology, pediatrics, psychiatry, radiology, and surgery. Biomedical engineering can be considered as a bridge connecting field(s) in engineering to field(s) in medicine. Creating such a bridge requires understanding and major cross - disciplinary efforts by engineers, researchers, and physicians at health institutions, research institutes, and industry sectors. Depending on where this connection has happened, different areas of research in biomedical engineering have been shaped. In all different areas in biomedical engineering, the ultimate objectives in research and education are to improve the quality life, reduce the impact of disease on the everyday life of individuals, and provide an appropriate infrastructure to promote and enhance the interaction of biomedical engineering researchers. In general, biomedical engineering has several disciplines including, but not limited to, bioinstrumentation, biostatistics, and biomaterial, biomechanics, biosignal, biosystem, biotransportation, clinical, tissue, rehabilitation and cellular engineering. Experts in biomedical engineering, a young area for research and education, are working in various industry and government sectors, hospitals, research institutions, and academia. The U.S. Department of Labor estimates that the job market for biomedical engineering will increase by 72%, faster than the average of all occupations in engineering. Therefore, there is a need to extend the research in this area and train biomedical engineers of tomorrow. This book is prepared in two volumes to introduce a recent advances in different areas of biomedical engineering such as biomaterials, cellular engineering, biomedical devices, nanotechnology, and biomechanics. Different chapters in both volumes are X Preface stand-alone and readers can start from any chapter that they are interested in. It is hoped that this book brings more awareness about the biomedical engineering field and helps in completing or establishing new research areas in biomedical engineering. As the editor, I would like to thank all the authors of different chapters. Without your contributions, it would not be possible to have a quality book and help in the growth of biomedical engineering. Dr. Reza Fazel-Rezai University of North Dakota Grand Forks, ND, USA [...]... Medicine, Zoology 19 ,643,7 41 of records 1, 749,767 full text Over 10 0 bibliographic and full-text databases Table 4 The most popular databases for biomedical literature (Date of access: March 2 011 ) The Merriam Webster dictionary (2 011 ) defines a repository as one that contains or stores something nonmaterial Repositories of literature are understood as large... Reference Manager, and ProCite No Yes, by downloading a file 9 10 Displayed documents references Links to full text electronic document Search by keyword Abstract Interface language URL Related document Web 2.0 apps Document selection criteria Records meta-analysis* Tools Advantages Disadvantages Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications No Yes No Yes English http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed... Quertle (Table 1) 6 Biomedical search engine Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications Total records Is an open Web search engine created by Thomson Reuters that harnesses the power of our editorial expertise, controlled vocabularies, and proprietary relevancy algorithms It is designed to complement your search results, bringing the most relevant Scientific WebPlus Web resources to the forefront... (http://www.gopubmed.org /web/gopubmed /1? WEB10O00h0 010 0090000) Your keywords are submitted to PubMed and the resulting abstracts are classified using Gene Ontology and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) 16 Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications MeSH is a hierarchical vocabulary covering biomedical and health-related topics GeneOntology is a hierarchical vocabulary for molecular biology covering cellular... allows instant access to digital data collections updated with information generated by the 2 Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications specialists (Faciola, 2009) The power of the new electronic technologies has increased exponential, we have designed a lot of applications that allow you to group, sort and display documents which have reduced power, cost and time required to analyze literature... web-based tool to search in the abstracts for Medline Index the words of Medline and provides features to expand a query and thereby find what you are looking for Finally, Twease can automatically discover common abbreviations for search phrases Biomedical Web, Collections and Meta-Analysis Literature Applications 15 (http://twease.org/medline/app;jsessionid=2ACC96 312 364DDB1E50 519 CE8EC 316 BB?com ponent=clearSettingsDirectLink&page=Home&service=direct&session=T)... 20,603, 313 12 Bireme http://regional.bv salud.org/php/in dex.php?lang=en Embase http://www.emb ase.com/info/ Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications 19 67 19 88 Latin America and Caribbean, Portugal and Spain Global Systematic Reviews, Clinical Trials, Evidence Summaries, Economic Evaluations in Health, Health Technology Assessments, Clinical Practice Guidelines Agriculture & Food Sciences, Bioengineering... http://ibmi.mf.uni-lj.si/bitola/?oe=bitola 18 Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications EBIMed http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Rebholz-srv/ebimed FABLE - Fast Automated Biomedical Literature Extraction http://fable.chop.edu/?hgsid=null&submitbutton=View+browser&submithit=true LitMiner http://www.litminer.com MEDIE - Semantic retrieval engine for MEDLINE http://www-tsujii.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/medie MedKit http://metnetdb.gdcb.iastate.edu/medkit... score is 1, 000 to 10 ,000 results http://orefil.dbcls.jp/ Nextbio NextBio indexes over 19 million abstracts from PubMed and over 13 0,000 full-text publications from PubMed Central For its literature search, NextBio uses a number of heuristics, including: 1 Extensive ontology with relationships http:// between terms, synonyms, as well as a term www.nextbio.com/b/ hierarchy nextbio.nb 2 A customized domain-specific... or biomedical specialist We will present all resources in three categories: 1) general web applications, 2) literature collections and 3) meta-analysis tools in logic retrieval and processing literature order (Fig 1) Fig 1 The resource’s classification for retrieval biomedical information 2 .1 Web literature retrieval Digital information retrieval from the Web, in a modern sense is a personalized, automatic, . BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING – FROM THEORY TO APPLICATIONS Edited by Reza Fazel-Rezai Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications Edited. Chapter 16 The Potential of Genetically Engineered Magnetic Particles in Biomedical Applications 3 91 Tomoko Yoshino, Yuka Kanetsuki and Tadashi Matsunaga Chapter 17 Metals for Biomedical Applications. www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications, Edited by Reza Fazel-Rezai p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-637-9