Nghiên cứu quy hoạch môi trường cấp huyện, ứng dụng cho các huyện đặc trưng (Thường Xuân, Thọ Xuân, Hậu Lộc) của tỉnh Thanh Hóa báo cáo quy hoạch môi trường huy152244

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NO! 1., TRUdNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TUNHIEN DE TAITRONG DIEM CAP DAI HOC QUOC GIA NGHlfeN Ctru QUY HOACH M I TRI/CING CAP HUY$N, tlNG DUNG CHO CAC HUYfeN DAC TRUNG (THlTOlNG XUAN, THO XUAN, HAU LOG) ClJA TINH THANH HOA BnO CnO CHUV€N D€ BAO CAO QUY HOACH QUY HOACH MOI TRU&NG HUYEN THlTOTNG XUAN DEN NAM 2020 ThS I r a n Thien Ci/dng Tri/dng Dai hoc Khoa hoc Tif nhien V A HA NOI, 2007 DAI HOC Q U O r -;-;/ -,^, fjr_ '-•'j ^7_ ?ii ' - ' J I PHAN TiCH, DANH GIA HlfiN TRANG TAI NGUYfiN, KINH Tl^ - XA H O I VA MOI T R U O N G HUYfiN THirdNG XUAN LI Di^u kien tir nhien va kinh te xa hoi huyen Thudmg Xuan Thucmg Xuan la huyen a phia lay nam tinh Thanh Hoa, cd dien tich L105,8 km2, ; bao g6m thi train (Thudng Xuan - huyen li), 19 xa (Bat Mot, Yen Nhan, Xuan Khao, Xuan Lien, Xuan Le, Van Xuan, Xufin My Luong Son, Xuan Cao, Luan Thanh, Luan Khe, Xuan Thang, Xuan Ldc, Xuan C^m, Xuan Duong, Tho Thanh, Ngoc Phung, Xuan Chinh, Tan Thanh) Huyen ly Thucfng Xuan each phd Thanh Hoa 52 km va each thi Iran Lam Son km deu ve phia Tay La huyen diim phat tri^n lam nghiep va cd h6 chiia Ihuy dien Cua Dal, nhung cd nhieu khd khan thu hut vdn d^u tu phat Irien Dudng giao ihdng di lai cac xa huyen nhieu khd khan Day la huyen cd dien tich Idn ciia tinh Thanh Hoa, giS vi the' quan trong kinh te' ddi ngoai vdi nude Lao va tinh Nghe An Thudng Xuan la huyen cd dieu kien hau va ihdi liet thuan loi cho phat Irien nong lam nghiep nhu: » Nhiet rfd.Tong nhiet dd nam 8.300 - 8.500°C Nhiet dd khong trung binh nam 23 - 24*', nhiet dd tha'p nha't tuyet ddi xud'ng de'n 2^C Nhiet cao nhat tuyet ddi chua qua 40'*C Luang mi(a: long lugng mua nam la 1600 - 2000mm, phan bd mua nam khong deu, mua mua bat dau tijf ihang V den thang X, chiem tu 6*^ - 80% l6ng luong mua ca nam Cac ihang cd luong mua Idn nha'l : itr thang VII den thang IX thudng gay lu lut cue bo, cac thang cd luong mua tha'p tCr thang XII cho tdi ihang II nam sau, thudng gay han han Do dm khong khi: im trung binh nam 85 - 86%, thang cd am cao nhat la ihang IV khoang9i%, thang tha'p nha'l la thang XI va XII: 80 - 83% Luang hoc hai: long luong bdc hdi 761 -895%mm/nam thang VII cd lirong bdc hoi Idn nha'l la: 131mm; thang II, thing III cd luong bdc hoi tha'p nhat 40 - 43 mm Gio: cd hudng gid chinh:gid mua Dong Bac tir thang X den thang IX nam sau va gid mua Dong Nam tir thang IV de'n thang IX Ngoai cd gid Tay kho nong x.^n ke vdi gid miia Dong Nam Thudng Xuan cd he ihdng sdn^ chinh la song Chu bao gdm cac nhanh: Song Khao, song Dan, song Dat Ngoai cd song Am chay doc theo ranh gidi huyen Thucmg Xuan va Ngoc Lac vdi long chieu dai cua he Ihdng song sudi tren 1000 km, dien tich hnx vuc >I000km^, long luong ddng chay nam la 1.276.448.10^ m^ La nguon cung cap nude doi dao cho nhu cau sinh boat, san xual ciia mot bo phan dan cu huyen \'a viing luu * Tdi nguyen dat: Nhdm dat xam: dien tich 96.725,65 ha, chiem 89.84% Nhdm dal elm yeu phan bd d niii cao Nhdm da't dd: dien lich 3.392,78 ha, chiem 3,15% Nhdm pliaii bo o ddi nui ihap, chu yeu la nong lam ket hop vdi xen Nhdm dal tang mdng, dien lich 5.327,97 chiem '^.96% Nhdm dat n;i\ phan bd d doc khong cao lam, che phii ihap nen thudng bj rua tioi, xdi :i;on "^ Tdi nguyen rihig: Theo so lieu ihdng ke quy hoach dat dai, Thirdng Xuan liien c S/ 236,34 rung, tiong dd: Rimg trong: 6.368,44 ha; Rimg tu nhien: 50.885,90 ha; V'an\ cay pi^mg: '!,00 Trfl luong gd rihig thudc huyen Thucmg XuSm udc tinh khoang 1,13 irieu m\ Trong dd, trfi luongrilmgtu nhien c6 0,69 trieu m^ trfl luong gd rimg trdng cd khoang 0,4 m^ va cd 31.430 trieu cay tre niia chi^m sd luong lai Thudng Xuan c6 ddng vat tu nhien hoan da da dang va phong phu Hien 55 loai Ihii, bd, 25 ho Cac loai thu Idn nhu: Bo tdi, Nai, Sdi, Ga'u ngua, Gau cho, bd linh Irudng, mat dd, mat vang, mat trang, culi w Trong 55 loai thu cd 20 loai ducfc ghi sach dd Thii he chim cd tdi 136 loai, 11 bd, 29 ho gdm ga rtoig, ga Ldi trang, Hdng hoang v,v * Tdi nguyen nuac: Nude mat: Vdi he Ihdng sdng sudi tu nhien ciing vdi cac h6 dap, luong mua Idn tao ngudn nude mat ddi dao Hang nam longluong nude ddng chay sdng sudi tu nhien cung ca'p 2.200 trieu m^ nude Do dia hinh bi chia cat nhi6u nen phan bd nude khdng ddng d^u loan huyen: cd noi du thira, cd noi thie'u va IrS lucmg phu thudc theo miia Hien tai loan huyen cd tdi 25 ho chua nude vdi dien tich 54,22 ha, 39 dap da't, dap da va dap xay vdi 48,9 va he ihdng kenh muong ludi lieu phuc vij ddi sdng va trot Hien nay, tai huyen Thudng Xuan dang xay dung ho chua nude ihuy lai, ihuy dien Cira Dal ngan ddng sdng Chu vdi dien tich long ho 38 km^ Trong luong lai theo quy hoach bac thang Ihuy dien iren sdng Chu thudc dia ban huyen Thucmg Xuan xay dung them mdl hd chira nude khai thac ihuy dien khac, nam d phia tren Cua Dat Nude ngdm: Ngudn nude ngam d Thudng Xuan tuong ddi phong phii, d cac khu virc ihung lung sau tir met trd len da cd xual hien nude ngam Tuy nhien trfl luong nude ngam chua duoc xem xet va danh gia cu the cac chuang Irinh nghien ciiu nao * Tdi nguyen khodng sdn: Thudng Xuan cd nhieu loai khoang san: md Ihiec Ngoc Phung, md Caolanh d Dd'c Cay Luong Son va Luan Thanh, dat set lam gach d Ngoc Phung, Xuan Duong, Tan Thanh, Thach anh d Xuan Le, da vdi trfl luong Idn d cac xa Xuan Cao, LuanKhe, Luan Thanh, Tan Thanh, Xuan Ldc, Van Xuan, Xuan My, Bit Mot Bang LI: Mot so loai hinh khodng sdn huyen Thudng Xuan TT Ten qu^ng Dja diem Trfl lirang Dang khai thac Cao Lanh Lang Cay, xa Luong Son; Ben Den xa Tho Thanh 1.000.000 tan Quang Dong xa Luong Son Chua xac dinh trfl luong Chua khai thac Bit Me, Thi Iran khoang 38.000 tan Sn va Sb Thudng Xuan Da quy (Thach anh, xa Xuan Le Chua xac dinh tru Topa, Berin) luong Chua khai thac Quang Sn va Sb 2ha Khai thac tu phat Set lam gach Xuan Duong Nhi^u 3,5 Cat sdi Tho Thanh Nhieu 1,0 Da vdi Xuan My 12,30 1,0 Thucmg Xuan la huyen mi^n nui thua dan cua tinh Thanh Hoa, theo so lieu dieu tra dan sd nam 2003, huyen Thucmg Xuan cd 88.600 nhan kh^u bao gdm cac dan tdc: Thai, Mudng, Kinh phan bd 19 xa va mdt thi tr^n Ca CSLU kinh i6: lam nghiep chiem 40% (trdng que, tu bd rflng, khai thac lam dac san, riimg qu^ n6i tieng; ndng nghiep chiem 30% (trdng liia, san, mia, ngd, Chan nudi: trau, bd, de); dich vu - tilu thu cdng nghiep: 30% Binh quan luong thuc/ngudi: 234 kg/nam Tdc dd tang trudng GDP dat xa'p xi 6,4%/nam (2,6 trieu ddng/ngudi/nam) Vi lam nghiep, thuc hien Chuang trinh 327 va 661 ciia Thii ludng Chinh phu, di?n lich trdng rimg tap trung dat 4.299 ha, dua che phu rijmg len miic 65,5% (nam 2002) Den nay, Huyen uy, Hdi ddng nhan dan, Uy ban nhan dan huyen va cac cafp, nganh xac dinh day la nganh san xua't chinh cd tinh chien lucre, nen san xua't lam nghiep cang phat trien, tao lien de vutig chac cho viec chuy^n dich ca ca'u kinh te V^ ndng nghiep: nam vijfa qua, gia Iri san xua'l ndng nghiep tang binh quan 9,6%/nam Nam 2002, dien lich gieo trdng tren loan huyen dat tren 10 nghin ha, bang 98,56 % nam 2001 Tdng san luong luong thuc (quy thdc) dat 20.113 la'n, tang 9,9% so vdi nam 2001 Trong dd, nang sua't vu chiem xuan dat 35,04 ta/ha; vu mua dat 35 ta/ha W6 Chan nudi huyen Thudng Xuan cd 20.500 trau, dan bd 4.550, dan Ion cd 27.750 Ve lieu thii cdng nghiep: Cac lang nghe iruy^n Ihdng nhu det tho cam, dan lai may tre, dan cdt dang din duoc khdi phiic va phii iri^n da tao them cdng an viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng luc ndng nhan Tuy nhien, boat ddng liiu thu cdng nghiep cua huyen vin nhd le W6 dich vij - thuong mai, mang ludi thuong mai duoc phan bd hop ly va deu khip tren loan huyen lai cic khu vuc Ddng Mdi, Khe Ha, Bit Mot, Luong Son, Bii Don, Cac ca sd thuong nghiep, cic trung tam xa, cum xa da cd cho va cic diem bin hang, lao nen mang ludi ihuang mai tir huyen de'n cic xa, tao ddng chay luu ihdng hang hoi, kich ihich nen kinh te hang hoi phii trien, cai thien ddi sdng nhan dan Ciing vdi phit trien kinh le, nhung nam qua, ket cau tang cung duoc huyen chii dau tu, gdp phan lich cue thiic day kinh te' - xa hdi huyen Thudng Xuan phii trien Trong dd Thudng Xuan dat vai ird xay dung ket cau ling va cac cdng trinh thuy loi la nhiem vu hang diu, nham hudng tdi muc lieu hdi nhap va phit trien kinh te Bang ngudn vdn cua Trung uong, cua linh, huyen va vdn ddng gdp cua nhan dan, hang chuc ly ddng da duoc buy ddng de ihi cdng xay dung cic cdng trinh phiic loi nhu: tu stra, nang cap, lam mdi hang tram km dudng lien thdn, lien xa; tuyen dudng chinh huyen duac nang cap la: Bii Thuong di Bien Gidi; Tan Thanh di Nam Xuan; Ddng Mdi di Cira Dal Tinh de'n nay, 100% sd xa, thi Iran da cd trudng trung hoc Ihdng, trung hoc co sd Dac biel cd sd vat chat cua Trudng lieu hoc Ngoc Phung I, Trudng lieu hoc Xuan Duong da duoc xay mdi vdi tri gii 1.049 trieu ddng Huyen Thudng Xuan cd Irudng lien lien cap linh, 20 trudng lien lien cap huyen Chat luong day va hoc mot nang cao Cdng tic dao lao bdi dudng ngudn luc da duoc chii nham nang cao trinh dd cho dpi ngu cin bo, quan ly, cin bd khoa hoc - ky thual, v.v Cdng tic y le'du phong thu duoc nhieu ket qua kha quan Chuong trinh liem chung dat 96% ke hoach Chat luong cudc sdng cua ngudi dan duoc cai thien vdi 47,51% sd dan duoc dung nude sach 1.2 Hien trang moi trudng va siJf dung tai nguyen d huyen Thiromg Xuan L2,L Hien trang sudiing dat Vdi dien tich lU nhien 110.505,86 ha, da't dai huyen Thudng Xuan theo ket qua kiem ke va bao cao bien ddng dat dai thing 10 nam 2003 duoc chia cac loai dat theo miic dich sir dung sau: •^ Ddi nong nghiep: Tong dien tich dat ndng nghiep nam 2003 la 6.877,05 ha, chiem 6,25% dien tich tu nhien, duac phan bd cho cac ddi tuong nhir sau: Kinh te ho gia dinh, ca nhan su dung: 6.082,85 ha, chiem 88,45% dal ndng nghiep UBND xa, thi tran quan ly quy dat cdng ich, khd giao, d^t ao hd mat nude ndng nghiep: 794,20 ha, chi^m 11,55% dSit ndng nghiep Binh quan daft ndng nghiep nam 2003 cho mdt khiu ndng thdn 873 mVngudi (tinh 663 mVnguM) Da't ndng nghiep duac phan cac loai nhu sau: Dil trdng cay hang nam: 5.091,37 ha, chiem 74,03% so vdi da't ndng nghiep Binh quan dien tich da't cay hang nam tren kh^u ndng thdn 646 mVngudi Daft trdng lua, lua mau: diem ich 3.069,06 ha, chie'm 60,28% so vdi da't canh tic, chiem 44,63% so vdi da't ndng nghiep Binh quan da't Ma, liia mau nam 2003:390m^/khiu ndng thdn Da't lua duoc chia cac loai rudng sau: rudng vu dien tich: 30,00 ha, chiem 0,98% so vdi dat lua Ilia mau; rudng vu dien tich: 2.367,26 ha, chiim 77,13% so vdi da't liia, liia mau; rudng vu dien lich: 571,94 ha, chie'm 18,64% so vdi dat liia, liia mau; rudng chuyen ma: 99,86 ha, chie'm 3,25% so vdi da't liia, liia mau Da't nuong ray: 274,24 ha, chiem 5,39% da't canh tic nam 2003 Trong dd: Nuong trdng lua: 200,00 ha; Nuong ray khic: 74,22 Da't trdng cay hang nam khic: 1.748,07 ha, chie'm 84,33% so vdi dal canh tic (nam 2003) Da't chuyen mau va cay cdng nghiep: 1.315,64 Da't trdng cay hang nam khic lai: 432.43 Dat trdng cay hang nam khic luy dien lich khdng Idn, nhimg la loai da't san xui't nhieu loai ndng san cd gii tri lam nguyen lieu cho nha miy che' bien nhu: mia, cic loai rau qua hiu nhu xa nao cung cd dal mau Cic xa nhieu la: xa Xuan Cao (207,37 ha), xa Tho Thanh (194,66 ha), xa it nhat la : Xuan Lien (17,21 ha), rdi den thi ira'n (18,02 ha), Xuan Ldc (20,10 ha), Xuan Thang (32,00 ha) Da't vudn: 1.014,69 ha, chiem 47,76 % so vdi dien tich dat ndng nghiep Day la dien tich da't quanh nha cua cic hd khu vuc lh6 cu, cay trdng chu ye'u la cay lau nam, xen vao dd la cay hang nam va dang dan din duoc cai tao trdng cic cay cd gii tri cao ban Da't trdng cay lau nam: 42,37 ha, chiem 0,62% so vdi dien tich da't ndng nghiep, kha nang khai thic kem hieu qua Dal cd diing vao chan nudi: 566,67 ha, chie'm 8,24% so vdi dien ich dal ndng nghiep, deu UBND cic xa quan ly Xa Xuan My nhieu nha'l:125,33 ha, tiep theo la Van Xuan: 8533 ha, Xuan Ldc: 62,88 Cic xa khdng cd la: Luan Thanh, Ngoc Phung, Xuan Cao, Thi Tran, Xuan Trinh, Xuan Duong, Xuan Lien, Yen Nhan Dong cd diing vao chan nudi thudng la cac ddi cd, ddng cd tu nhien duoc quy dinh la noi chan iha gia sue, hang nam khdng duoc dau tu, cai lao, chat luong ddng cd kem, dien lich khdng on dinh, thudng bi cic cay trdng khic Ian bdl Dal cd mat nude nudi trdng Ihuy san: 161,95 ha, chie'm 2,35% so vdi dien lich da't ndng nghiep: nudi ci: 130,55 ha; nudi trdng thuy san khic: 31,40 Dat lam nghiep: Da't lam nghiep cd rimg 57.256,34 dd khu bao tdn thien nhien Xuan Lien quan ly dal cd rimg la 23.844,80 ha; lam iruong Sdng Dan: 6.606,70 ha; ban quan ly rimg phong hd diu ngudn: 6.700 ha; UBND xa quan ly: 191,00 ha; hd gia dinh va ci nhan sir dung: 19.913,84 Rieng khu bao ton thien nhien Xuan Lien quan ly 27.848,20 ha, nhung dd mdi cd rimg 23.844,80 50.885,9 ha, chie'm 88,87% so vdi dal lam nghiep Dal lam nghiep gdm: Dal cd rimg san xual: 8.337,58 ha, chie'm 14,56% so vdi dal lam nghiep Da't cd rimg phong ho: 18.667,52 ha, chie'm 32,60% so vdi dal lam nghiep Dal cd rimg dac dung: 23.880,80 ha, chie'm 41,71% so vdi dat lam nghiep Dat chuyen dung: Tdng dat chuyen diing ciia huyen la 1.718,39 ha, chia thanh; Da't xay dung: Vdi dien tich la 217,02 ha, chi^m 12,63% dien tich da't chuyen dung Ca ca'u da't xay dung d cac xa noi chung khdng d^u va duac sii dung cang cd hieu qua, liet kiem diing muc dich han Da't thuy Igi va mat nude chuyen dung: gdm kenh muong hd dap chuyen dung phuc vu lay nude tudi, tieu, dien tich: 450,86 ha, chiem 26,24% so vdi dien tich da't chuyen dung Dien tich da't thuy loi duacchia theo cac loai cdng trinh nhu sau:Hd dap 103,12 ha, hiu hel nam d cic xa huyen; Tram bam tudi, tieu: 166,87 Cic xa cd tram bom la xa Xuan Duong, Tho Thanh, Ngoc Phung; Kenh muong 150,887 ha, bang 5,82% dien tich dal canh tic Da't giao thdng: vdi t6ng dien tich la 686,07 chiem 39,93% so vdi dien tich da't chuyen diing, bang 0,62% dien tich tu nhien loan huyen Da't giao thdng duoc chia cic loai sau: Dudng Qudc Id: 130,00 ha; Tinh Id: 260,00 ha; Huyen Id: 113,00 ha; Lien thdn, lien xa: 183,70 Da't di tich lich sir van hoa: gdm den thd, mieu mao dien lich 1,0 chiem 0,06% so vdi dien lich da't chuyen dung Dat qudc phong an ninh: gdm Irudng bin, kho tang, van phong co quan, qudc phdng va an ninh dien tich 20,70 chie'm 1,20% so vdi da't chuyen diing Da't khai thic khoing san: d day khai thic cao lanh dien tich 2,0 chiem 0,12% dien tich da't chuyen diing Da't lam nguyen vat lieu xay dimg: nhu cit sdi, khai thic da, lam gach ngdi vdi dien lich 6,65 ha, chie'm 0,38% so vdi dien lich dal chuyen diing Da't nghia trang, nghla dia: 243,19 ha, chie'm 14,15% dien lich dal chuyen diing Dal chuyen diing khic: 90,90 chie'm 5,29% so vdi dien tfch dat chuyen dimg Dat a: Tong dien tich da't d: 766,53 ha, dd: Dat d ndng thdn la 749,03 ha, chie'm 97,075 so vdi dien lich dat d; Da't d dd thi (thi rin, thi lu): 17,50 ha, chiem 2,30% so vdi dien lich da't d Dot chua si dung, song sudi, nui dd: Da'l bang chua sir dung: 77,83 ha, chi^m 0,18% so vdi dien tich dat chua sir dung Dal ddi niii chua su dung: 40.464,63 ha, chiem 91,97% so vdi dien tich dat chua sir dung, dd da giao 10.133,40 sir dung vao lamnghiep Da't cd mat nude chua su dung: 15,00 ha, chie'm 0,03% so vdi dien lich dat chua su dung Sdng sudi: 1.532,4 ha, chie'm 3,50% so vdi dien tich dat chua sir dung Niii di khdng cay: 1.000,07 ha, chiem 2,28% so vdi dien tich dat chua sir dung Dat chua sir dung khic: 896,79 ha, chie'm 2,04% so vdi dien lich chua sir dung Dal chua sir dung cd the khai thic hang ngan phuc vu cho ndng dan, lam nghiep, lam dal chuyen diing, da't d 1.2,2 Hien trang mdi trudng: Tren dia ban huyen Thudng Xuan cd Thi Iran, huyen ly va hang chiic diem dan cu tap trung, cic cum kinh le', xa, thi lu, cic co sd khai thic di, cdng trinh xay dung hd Cira Dal Trong quy hoach 2003 - 2010 se hinh them mdt sd cum cdng nghiep, lang nghe, khai thac khoing san, lam vat lieu xay dung, v.v Cdng nghiep phit trien se phit sinh nhieu chat thai gay d nhiem mdi trudng Ngoai ra, dan sd dd thi va thi tir, trung lam cum xa tang nhanh, nhu cau phat trien ndng nghiep va lam nghiep cung gia tang manh Day se la nguyen nhan gay nen cic ap luc Idn ddi vdi mdi trudng a Mdi tru&ng nu&c Theo bao cio hien trang mdi trudng tinh Thanh Hda, cic ket qua khao sit thuc dia va phan lich chaft lugng nude mat ciia dua tren duoc the hien bang Bang Chat luong nu&c song Chu ( Tren dap Bdi Thuong) TT Thong so Dofn vi Ket qua phSn tich Nam 2005 Nam 2006 7,94 6,63 pH Do due NTU 12,1 DO mg/1 7,33 BOD, mg/1 3,2 1,6 COD mg/1 4,5 2,8 SS mg/1 105 4,8 NH4^ mgA NO, mg/1