Phân loại và hướng dẫn giải đề thi Đại học Cao đẳng môn Tiếng Anh (Tái bản lần thứ hai, có chỉnh lí, bổ sung)

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VŨ MỸ LAN - LÊ THỊ HƯƠNG GIANG PHAN LOẠI

VA HUONG DAN GIAI DE THI

DAI HOC - CAO BANG

MÔN TIẾNG ANH

(Tái bản lần thứ hai, có chỉnh lí, bổ sung)

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/GD

Công tỉ C6 phan Dịch vụ xuất bản giáo dục Gia Dinh ~

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“Đâu loại vee hacing

]sời nói đầu

Để tạo điều kiện cho các em học sinh lớp 12 chuẩn bị tốt cho kì thì Tuyển sinh vào các trường Đại học và Cao đẳng, Gông ty Cổ phẩn Dịch vụ Xuất bản Giáo dục Gia Định - Nhà xuất bản Giáo dục Việt Nam kết hợp với nhóm tác giả là giáo viên giàu kinh nghiệm, chủ yếu dang giảng dạy tại Trường Trung học phổ thông chuyên Lê Hông Phong, TP Hỗ Chí Minh, tổ chức biên soạn bộ sách “Phân loại và hướng dẫn giải để thì Đại học ~ Cao đẳng” Bộ sách gồm 8 mơn : Tốn, Lí , Hoá, Sinh, Văn, Sử, Địa và Ngoại ngữ

Trên cơ sở nghiên cứu để thi của nhiều năm, căn cứ vào "cấu trúc để thí" của Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo, với kinh nghiệm giảng dạy và

mong muốn thí sinh đạt điểm cao trong các kì thi Đại học = Cao

đẳng, chúng tôi biên soạn cuốn sách này, gồm ba nội dung chính :

Phân A Cấu trúc để thi Dai học - Cao đẳng môn Tiếng Anh,

gồm ba phần :

Phân 1 Cấu trúc đễ thì Phân 2 Đề thi tham khảo

Phân B Phân loại và hướng dẫn giải để thi theo chủ để gồm ba

phân :

Phân 1 Phân loại câu hỏi trong dé thi

Phân 2 Hướng dẫn ôn tập theo chủ đề

Phân 3 Bài tập tham khảo theo chủ đễ

Phân € Đề thi tham khảo : gôm 10 đề cùng với Hướng dẫn giải

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mm

Sách giúp học sinh tự học, tự kiểm tra, đánh giá Đặc biệt qua việc tìm hiểu cấu trúc để thi, chúng tôi coi trọng việc hình thành phương, pháp học tập từng phân mơn sao cho có hiệu quả đổ các em chuẩn

bị tốt cho kì thi Đại học — Cao đẳng

Hi vọng bộ sách sẽ là tai liệu hữu ích trong q trình ơn tập

Chúc các em đạt kết quả tốt

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Phẩn A

SG CẤU TRÚC ĐỀ THỊ ĐẠI HỌC - CAO DANG MÔN TIẾNG ANH

Phan 1 CẤU TRÚC ĐỀ THỊ

Cấu trúc Để thi ĐH-CÐ môn tiếng Anh gồm 80 câu trắc nị cho tất cả thí sinh, khơng có phẩn riêng Thời gian làm bài: Trong đó bao gồm: 90 phút, Tỉ trọng/

Lĩnh vực 'Yếu tố/chỉ tiết cần kiểm tra số lượng

câu

~ Trọng âm tit (chinh/phy) (Stress)

Ngữ âm 5 (Phoneties) |~ Trường độ âm và phương thức phát âm

(Pronunciation)

~ Danh từ/ động từ (thời và hợp thời) /đại

từ/ tính từ / trạng từ/ từ nối/ v.v (Parts of 3

Speech}

~ Cấu trúc câu (Sentence patterns) 5

Ngữ pháp - |~ Phương thức cấu tạo từ/sử dụng từ (Word ễ

Từ vựng choice/usage)

(Lexico- | ~ T6 hgp tit / cum từ cố định / động từ hai

Grammar) | thành phẩn (Collocations - Idiomatic 8 expressions- phrasal verb)

~ Tit déng nghia / dị nghĩa (Synonyms-

Antonyms) 3 Chức năng | - Từ / ngữ thổ hiện chức năng giao tiếp đơn

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logi:

fusing Dai lige ~ Cao di

Kĩ năng đọc (Reading)

~ Điển từ vào chỗ trống: (sử dụng từ / ngữ; nghĩa ngữ pháp; nghĩa ngữ vựng); một bài

text độ dài khoảng 200 từ (Guided Cloze) 10

~ Đọc lấy thông tin cụ thể/đại ý (đoán nghĩa từ mới; nghĩa ngữ cảnh; ví von; hốn dụ; ẩn dụ: tương phản; đông nghĩa/dị nghĩa ) một bài text, độ dài khoảng 400 từ, chủ đẻ: phổ thông (Reading Comprehension)

10

~ Đọc phân tích/đọc phê phán/tổng hợp/suy diễn; một bài text khoảng 400 từ chủ đổ:

phổ thông (Reading Comprehension) 10

KI nang viết (Writing)

1 Phát hiện lỗi cẩn sửa cho câu đúng (đặc

biệt lỗi liên quan đến kĩ năng viết) (Error Identification)

2 Viết gián tidp (Sentence transformation) Cụ thổ các vấn để có kiểm tra viết bao gồm: ~ Loại câu

~ Câu cận nghĩa ~ Chấm câu ~ Tính cân đối

~ Hợp mộnh đổ chính - phụ

= Tinh nhất quán (mood, voico, speakor,

position )

~ Tương phản ~ Hòa hợp chủ - vị

~_Sự mập mờ về nghĩa (do vị trí bổ ngữ )

'Với phần này, người soạn để có thể chọn

vấn để cụ thể trong những vấn để trên cho

bài thi 10

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‘Dhrie logi vas hating din git dé thi Dei hge ~ Đao đẳng, mm

Phan 2 ĐỀ THỊ THAM KHẢO

ĐỂ THỊ TUYỂN SINH ĐẠI HỌC, CAO ĐẲNG NĂM 2013

Môn thi : TIẾNG ANH - Khối D Thời gian làm bài : 90 phút

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

Question 1: Many scientists agree that global warming poses great threats to all species on Earth,

A.annoyances B.risks G.irritations D.fears

Question 2: The works of such men as the English philosophers John Locke and Thomas Hobbes helped pave the way for academic freedom in the modern sense

A initiate B lighten G.terminate —_D prevent Question 3: E-cash cards are the main means of all transactions in a cashless society

A cash-free B cash-starved GC cash-strapped D, cash-in-hand Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions

Question 4: A hesitation B economics C calculation _D curriculum Question 5: A constructive B national C essential D commercial

Question 6: A cancel B.remove Œ.copy D notice Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word

(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

Question 7: Population growth rates vary among regions and even among countries within the same region

A fluctuate B stay unchanged

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Question 8: In some countries, the disease burden could be prevented

through environmental improvements

A something to suffer B something sad C something to entertain D something enjoyable Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions

Question 9: A invent —_B tennis, C medicine _D species Question 10: A particular B superstar C parL D harvest Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the sentence given in each of the following questions

Question 11: “I would be grateful if you could send me further details of

the job,” he said to me

A He politely asked me to send him further details of the job B, He thanked me for sending him further details of the job C He flattered me because I sent him further details of the job

D He felt great because further details of the job had been sent to him Question 12: “Why don’t we wear sunglasse:

when we went out on bright sunny days our grandpa would say A Our grandpa asked us why we did not wear sunglasses when going

out on bright sunny days

B, Our grandpa reminded ous of going out with sunglasses on bright sunny days

C Our grandpa would warn us against wearing sunglasses on bright sunny days

D Our grandpa used to suggest wearing sunglasses when we went out on bright sunny days

Question 13: David was narrowly defeated and blew his own chance of becoming a champion

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Duin togi v4 hating dim gitd dé thi Dai học ~ ao đẳng Em

B As a result of his narrow defeat, David did not win the championship

€ Losing the championship came as a terrible blow to David D In spite of the narrow defeat, David won the championship

Question 14: People say that Mr Goldman gave nearly a million pounds to charity last year

A Nearly a million pounds was said to have been given to charity by Mr Goldman last year

B Mr Goldman was said to have given nearly a million pounds to charity last year

C Mr Goldman is said to have given nearly a million pounds to

charity last year

D Nearly a million pounds is said to be given to charity by Mr Goldman last year

Question 15: 1 am sure he did not know that his brother graduated with flying colors

‘A He cannot have known that his brother graduated with very high marks

B, He may not know that his brother is flying gradually up in a

colorful balloon

C That his brother graduated with flying colors must have been appreciated by him

D He should not have been envious of his brother's achievement Question 16: If you had stuck to what we originally agreed on, everything would have been fine

A If you had not kept to what was originally agreed on, everything would have been fine

B As you fulfilled the original contract, things went wrong

C Things went wrong because you violated our original agreement D If you had changed our original agreoment, everything would have

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 17 to 26

In “Cerealizing America”, Scott Bruce and Bill Crawford remark that the coreal industry uses 816 million pounds of sugar per year, Americans buy 2,7 billion packages of breakfast coreal each year If (17) end to end, the empty cereal boxes from one year's consumption would (18) to the moon and back One point three (1.3) million advertisements for cereal are broadcast on American television every year at a(n) (19)

of $762 million for airtime Only automobile manufacturers spend more money on television advertising than the makers of breakfast cereal,

(20) of the boxed cereals found in supermarkets contain large amounts of sugar and some contain more than 50% sugar Cereal manufacturers are very clever in their marketing, making many cereals appear much healthier than they really are by “fortifying” them with vitamins and minerals, Oh, (21) _ - you now have vitamin-fortified sugar! Before you eat any cereal, read the ingredient list and see how (22) sugar appears on the ingredient list Then check the “Nutrition

facts” panel

There are actually only a small handful of national commercially- branded cereals that are made (23) whole grains and are sugar-free If you shop at a health food store instead of your local supermarket, you (24) to find a healthy, whole grain, sugar-free (or very low sugar) cereal, But (25) ! Some of the health food store boxed cereals are sweetened with fruit juice or fructose, Although this may be an improvement (26) refined white sugar, this can really skyrocket the

calories

From “Foods That Burn Fat, Foods That Turn to Fat" by Tom Ventulo

Question 17: A to lay B laying CG lay D laid

Question 18: A.reach B.prolong C.sưeth D.contacL Question 19: A charge B.everago Œ.cost D expense

Question 20: A Most B Mostly C Almost D Furthermost

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Duin togi v4 hating dim gitd dé thi Dai học ~ ao đẳng mm

Question 23: A by B from Gat Din Question 24: A are more likelier B are much more likely

would be able D could more or less Question 25: A see through B keep alert G watch out D, look up

Question 26: A at B from € with D.on

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 27 036

New surveys suggest that the technological tools we use to make our lives easier are killing our leisure time We are working longer hours,

taking fewer and shorter vacations (and when we do go away, we take our

cell phones, PDAs, and laptops along) And, we are more stressed than ever as increased use of e-mail, voice mail, cell phones, and the Internet is destroying any idea of privacy and leisure,

Since the Industrial Revolution, people have assumed that new labor-saving devices would free them from the burdens of the workplace and give them more time to grow intellectually, creatively, and socially ~

exploring the arts, keeping up with current events, spending more time

with friends and family, and even just ‘goofing off

But here we are at the start of the 21” century, enjoying one of the greatest technological boom times in human history, and nothing could be further from the truth The very tools that were supposed to liberate us have bound us to our work and study in ways that were inconceivable just a few years ago It would seem that technology almost never does what we expect

In ‘the old days’, the lines between work and leisure time were markedly clearer People left their offices at_a_predictable time, were

often completely disconnected from and out of touch with their jobs as

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do Workers work harder and longer, change their work tasks more frequently, and have more and more reasons to worry about job security

Bosses, colleagues, family members, lovers, and friends expect instant responses to voice mail and e-mail messages Even college students have become bound to their desks by an environment in which faculty, friends, and other members of the college community increasingly do their work online Studies of time spent on instant messaging services would probably show staggering use

This is not what technology was supposed to be doing for us New technologies, from genetic research to the Internet, offer all sorts of benefits and opportunities But, whon new tools make life more difficult and stressful rather than easier and more meaningful ~ and we are, as a society, barely conscious of it ~ then something has gone seriously awry, both with our expectations for technology and our understanding of how it should benefit us

From “Summit 1” by Joan Saslow & Allen Ascher Question 27: According to the first three paragraphs, technological tools that were designed to make our lives easier

A have brought us complete happiness B havo fully met our expectations C have not interfered with our privacy

D have turned out to do us more harm than good

Question 28: Which of the following is NOT true about technological tools,

according to new surveys?

A They make our life more stressful B They bring more leisure to our life C They are used even during vacations D They are being increasingly used

Question 29: Which of the following is true, according to the passage? ‘A People have more opportunities to get access to technological

applications

B Employees were supposed to make technology do what they expected

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š %9 học ~ ao đẳng

Question 30: The word “inconceivable” in the passage is closest in meaning to " :

A unforgettable B unimaginable predictable _D foreseeable

Question 31; With the phrase “at a predictable time”, the author implies that

A people had to predict the time they were allowed to leave offices B people wanted to be completely disconnected from their work C people were unable to foresee their working hours

D people used to have more time and privacy after work

Question 32: It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that A it is compulsory that employees go to the office, even on days off B, employees have more freedom to decide what time they start and

finish work

C employers are more demanding and have efficient means to monitor employees

D life is more relaxing with cell phones and other technological

devices

Question 33: The word “They” in the fourth paragraph refers to A.employers B.employeos C.workers — D.tasks

Question 34: Which of the following could be the main idea of the fifth paragraph?

A New technological applications are wise entertainment choices of our modern time

B The coming of new technological advances has spoiled family and social relationships

C New technological advances have added more stress to daily life D New technological advances have reduced work performance Question 35: This passage has probably been taken from _

‘A a science review B a political journal

C an advertisement D a fashion magazine

Question 36: Which of the following could best serve as the title of the

passage?

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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct

‘answer in each of the following questions,

Question 37: We all agree that she is — student in our class

A the cleverest B, amore clever cleverest _D, most clever

Question 38; Standing on the tip of the cape,

A people have seen a lighthouse far away B a lighthouse can see from the distance € we can see the lighthouse in the distance D lies a lighthouse in the middle of the sea

Question 39: The boat was sailing north when a terrible storm _

A broke B would break C.hadbroken D.was broaking Question 40: John Kennedy was elected president, he was the

youngest American President ever

A, Before B As long as C When D While

Question 41: Only one of our gifted students _ to participate in the

final competition

A has been chosen B have been chosen C were choosing D chosen

Question 42: The pool should not be made so deep small children can be safe there

‘A so as to B though Gif D so that Question 43: I am sorry I have no time at present to detail of our plan,

A bring in B come in C.take into D, go into

Question 44: Tom:

‘A Mike, do you know where the scissors are? Mike: “I don’t say no! B What about playing badminton this afternoon?

C How are things with you, Mike?

D What's your favourite, tea or coffee?

Question 45: As a millionaire who liked to show off her wealth, Mrs Smith paid _we asked,

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C four times as much as D four time as many as

Question 46: The Lake Distr was made a national park in 1951, attracts a large number of tourists

A that B what C where D which Question 47: Ho _us but he was short of money at that time

A might help B would help

C can help D could have helped Question 48: Michael looked deeply hurt and surprised when

A scolding B scolded C.havingscolded _D to scold Question 49: The packages _so that it would be easier to carry them,

A are tied altogether B are tied in a bundle

C were tied together D were tied in a knot

Question 50: In spite of her abilities, Laura has been overlooked for promotion

A repetitive B repeatedly _C repetition D repeat

Question 51: The examination was not very difficult , but it was long

A too much B.somuch CG much too D very much Question 52: She asked me I was looking at

A if B, what when D why

Question 53: Education in many countries is compulsory _ the age of 16

A for B forwards C until D when

Question 54: We must push the piano to the corner of the hall to _our

party tonight

A give place to B make room for G take up room to D make place for

Question 55: Stophanio: “Oh, no! I left my book at home Can I share yours?”

§cott:"” _"

A No, thanks B Yes, I do too C No, not at all D Yes, suro!

Question 56: There has been a great increase in retails sales,

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Dai lage ~ ao đm,

Question 57: Long ago, women wero_ to vote in political elections

A prevented —_B banned G forbidden _D, stopped

Question 58: Regular exercise and good diet will bring fitness and health

A about B from C.to D up Question 59: his brother, Mike is active and friendly

A Dislike B Liking C Alike D, Unlike

Question 60: one of the most beautiful forms of performance art, ballet is a combination of dance and mime performed to music

A Considered B Boing considering C Considering D To consider

Question 61: has been a topic of continual geological research, A If the continents formed B The continents formed

C how the continents were formed —_D How did the continents form

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

Question 62: (A)When precipitation occurs, (B)some of it evaporates, some

run off (C)the surface it strikes, and some (D)sinking in to the ground, ‘Question 63: A warming printed on a makeshift lifebuoy says: "This is not a (A)life-saving device (B)Children should be (C)accompany by their (D)parent:

Question 64: Of all the art-related reference and research (A)library in

North American, (B)that of the Meltropolitan Museum of Art in New York city is (Clamong the largest and (D)most complete

Question 65: (A)Different fourteen crops were (B)grown 8,600 years (C)ago

by some of the world’s earliest (D)farmer

Question 66: (A)Globally and internationally, the 1990's stood (B)out as the (C)warmest decade in the history of (D)weather records

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from

67 to 76

Very few people, groups, or governments oppose globalization in its

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globalization operates should be changed The debate over globalization is about what the best rules are for governing the global economy so that its advantages can grow while its problems can be solved

On one side of this debate are those who stress the benefits of removing barriers to international trade and investment, allowing capital to be allocated more efficiently and giving consumers greater freedom of choice, With free-market globalization, investment funds can move unimpeded from the rich countries to the developing countries Consumers can benefit from cheaper products because reduced taxes make goods produced at low cost from faraway places cheaper to buy Producers of goods gain by selling to a wider market More competition keeps sellers on their toes and allows ideas and new technology to spread and benefit others

On the other side of the debate are critics who see neo-liberal policies as producing greater poverty, inequality, social conflict, cultural destruction, and environmental damage They say that the most developed nations ~ the United States, Germany, and Japan - succeeded not because of free trade but because of protectionism and subsidies, They argue that the more recently successful economies of South Korea, Taiwan, and China all had strong state-led development strategies that did not follow neo-liberalism These critics think that government encouragement

of “infant industries” - that is, industries that are just beginning to

develop ~ enables a country to become internationally competitive

Furthermore, those who criticize the Washington Consensus suggest that the inflow and outflow of money from speculative investors must be limited to prevent bubbles These bubbles are characterized by the rapid inflow of foreign funds that bid up domestic stock markets and property values When the economy cannot sustain such expectation, the bubbles burst as investors panic and pull their money out of the country

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One of the key problems of the 21" contury will be determining to what oxtont markets should bo regulatod to promote fair competition, honest dealing, and fair distribution of public goods on a global scale

From “Globalization” by Tabb, William K., Microsoft ® Student 2009

Question 67: It is stated in the passage that _

A the protests of globalization are directed against globalization itself B, the United States, Germany, and Japan succeeded in helping infant

industries

C suppoters of globaliz barriers

ion stress the benefits of removing trade D critics of globalization say that the successful economies are all in

Asia

Qestion 68: Supporters of free-market globalization point out that

A consumers can benefit from cheaper products:

B, there will be less competition among producers C taxes that are paid on goods will be increased D investment will be allocated only to rich countries

Question 69: The word “allocated” in the passage mostly means “ A.removed B.solved G offered D distributed Question 70: The phrase “keeps sellers on their toes” in the passage mostly means i

A Makes sellers responsive to any changes B allows sellers to stand on their own feet G forces sellers to go bare-footed

D prevents sellers from selling new products

Question 71: According to critics of globalization, several developed

countries have become rich because of _ A their neo-liberal policies

B their holp to developing countries G their prevention of bubbles

D their protectionism and subsidies

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Question 72: The word “undermining” in the passage mostly means

A observing B making more effective

C making less effective D obeying

Question 73: Infant industries mentioned in the passage are_ ‘A successful economies B young companies

C development strategies D young industries

Question 74: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A Critics believe the way globalization operates should be changed B, The anti-globalization movement was set up to end globalizs

C Some Asian countries had strong state-led economic strategies

D, Hardly anyone disapproves of globalization in its entirety Question 75: The debate over globalization is about how

A to use neo-liberal policies for the benofit of tho rich countries B to govern the global economy for the benefit of the community C to spread ideas and strategies for globalization

D to terminate globalization in its entirely

Question 76: The author seems to be _globalization that helps promote economy and raise living standards globally

A supportive of B indifferent to

C pessimistic about D opposed to

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best joins each of the following pairs of sentences in each of the following questions

Question 77: We spend about one-third of our lives sleeping We know relatively little about sleep

A We know rolatively little about sleep; as a result, we spend about one-third of our lives sleeping

B Despite spending about one-third of our lives sleeping, we know relatively little about sleep

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D We spend about one-third of our lives sleeping so that we know

relatively little about sleep

Question 78: He was successful because he was determined to pursue

personal goals He was not talented

A € D

His determination to pursue personal goals made him successful and talented

It was his determination to pursue personal goals, not talent, that contributed to his success

His success lay in his natural ability, not in his determination to pursue personal goals,

In addition to his determination, his talent ensured his success in

pursuing his goals

Question 79 : Overeating is a cause of several deadly diseases Physical inactivity is another cause of several deadly diseases

A 6 D

Both overeating and phy: diseases

| inactivity result from several deadly

Apart from physical activities, eating too much also contributes to

several deadly diseases

Not only overeating but also physical inactivity may lead to several deadly diseases

Overeating and physical inactivity are caused by several deadly diseases,

Question 80: I did not arrive in time I was not able to see her off A I did not go there, so I could not see her off

B, She had left because I was not on time

G Larrived very late to say goodbye to her

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“hân loại nà luting din gi dé thi Dai lige ~ ©ao đẳng, Ea

ĐỂ THỊ TUYỂN SINH ĐẠI HỌC, CAO BANG NAM 2013 Mon thi : TIẾNG ANH - Khối A1

Thời gian làm bài : 90 phút

Mark the letter A,B,C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in

each of the following questions

Question 1: A stork B form € D, force Question 2: A reign BL € D, protein

Question 3: A examine B eleven C exact

Question 4: A aboard — B cupboard C keyboard

Question 5: B pressure Œ assure D, possession

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from

6 to 15

In 1826, a Frenchman named Nipce needed pictures for his business He was not a good artist, so he invented a very simple camera He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard That was the first photograph

‘The next important date in the history of photography was 1837 ‘That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his studio He used a new kind of camera and a different process In his pictures, you could see everything clearly, even the smallest details This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype

Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s process Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world People photographed

famous buildings, cities, and mountains

In about 1840, the process was improved Then photographers had to carry lots of film and moving things The process was not simple and photographers had to carry lots of film and processing equipment

However, this did not stop photographers, especially in the United States After 1840, daguerreotype artists were popular in most ci

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Dai lage ~ ao đm,

Matthew Brady was one well-known American photographer He took many portraits of famous people The portraits were unusual because they were lifelike and full of personality Brady was also the first person to take pictures of a war His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities They made the war seem more real and more terrible

In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography

Photographers could buy film ready-made in rolls, instead of having to make the film themselves Also, they did not have to process the film immediately They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later They did not have to carry lots of equipment, And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive

With a small camera, anyone could be a photographer People began to use cameras just for fun They took pictures of their families, friends, and favorite places They called these pictures “snapshots”

Documentary photographs became popular in newspapers in the 1890s Soon magazines and books also used them These pictures showed true events and people They were much more real than drawings

Some people began to think of photography as a form of art They thought that photography could do more than show the real world It could also show ideas and feelings, like other art forms

From “Reading Power” by Beatrice S Mikulecky and Linda Jeffries

Question 6: The first photograph was taken with

A a small handheld camera B a daguerreotype C.a very simple camera D, new types of film

Question 7: Daguerre took a picture of his studio with

‘A a very simple camera B an electronic camera

C a new kind of camera D special equipment

Question 8: The word

A taking of pictures of people and moving things B stopping of photographers from taking photos

G fact that daguerreotype artists wore popular in most cities D carrying of lots of film and processing equipment

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Question 9: The word “ruined” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A heavily-polluted B poorly-painted C badly damaged D terribly spoiled

Question 10: The word “li

in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.touching — B.moving C.roalistic D manliko

Question 11: The latest invention mentioned in the passage is the invention of

A rolls of film B daguerreotypes C processing equipment D handheld cameras

Question 12: The word “handheld” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A handling manually B operated by hand C controlling hands D held by hand Question 13: Matthew Brady was well-known for

A portraits and war photographs B inventing daguerreotypes

C the small handheld camera _D taking pictures of French cities Question 14: As mentioned in the passage, photography can _

A print old pictures B replace drawings

C show the underworld D convey ideas and feelings

Question 15: Which of the following could best serve as the title of the passage?

A Story of Famous Photographers _B Photography and Painting C Different Steps in Film Processing D Story of Photography

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the

numbered blanks from 16 to 25

Trang 24

developing countries For example, cheap oral-rehydration therapy developed in Bangladesh has dramatically cut the death (17) from childhood diarrhoea

But even when such technologies exist, the depressing fact is that we can’t make them (18) for those who most need them, Solar panels, batteries and ligh bulbs are still beyond the purse of many, but where they have been installed they change lives A decent light in the evening gives children more time for homework and extends the productive day for adults

Kenya has a thriving solar industry and six years ago Kenyan pioneers also (19) connecting schools to tho Internet via radio links These people were fortunate (20) being able to afford solar panels, radios and old computers How much bigger would the impact be if these things

(21) and priced specifically for poor people?

Multinationals must become part of the solution, because (22)

they own around 60 percent of the world’s technology, they seldom make products for poor customers Of 1,223 new drugs marketed worldwide

from 1975 to 1996, for example, just 13 were for tropical diseases

People think those enterprises should do more to provide vital products such as medicines (23) different prices around the world to suit (2a) people can afford Alternatively, they could pay a percentage

of their profit towards research and development for (25) ;

Adapted from “The Price is Wrong” in “Focus on IELTS Foundations” by

Sue O'Connell, Pearson Longman, 2006

Question 16: A for B with Cat D.to Question 17: A toll —_B penalty C amount D number Question 18: A cheaply enough B enough cheap

C cheap enough D enough cheaply Question 19: A were starting B started

had started D have been starting Question 20: A by B in Cat D on

Question 21: A have been made B are made

C made D were made

Question 22: A while B when C however D unless

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“8h foại nà huning din gid dé thi Dai lige ~ ao đẳng

Question 24: A where B that C what D which Question 25: A the rich B.the wealthy C the better-off D the poor

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct ‘answer in each of the following questions

Question 26: Books and magazines around made his room very

untidy

A laying B lying C which lied D that lie Question 27: “What if the earth stopped moving?”

A would happen B will happen C happens —_D happened Question 28: Her mother, has been working for thirty years, is retiring next month,

A whose B who C whom D that

Question 29: In our hospital, patients ‘every morning

A are examined B have examined

C can examine D were examining

Question 30: I'll give this dictionary to wants to have it,

A.anyone B.everyone G whatever D whoever Question 31: He wasn’t attending the lecture properly and missed most of

‘A what the teacher said B which the teacher said G things said by the teacher _D that the teacher said Question 32: No one can avoid by advertisements,

A having influenced B boing influenced

G to be influenced D influencing

Question 33: Connecticut was the fifth of the original thirteen states the Constitution of the United States

A ratified B.toratify G have ratified ratify Question 34: It is work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it

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Question 35: A large number of workmen because of the economic recession,

A has been laid out B has laid aside C have laid down D have been laid off Question 36: The water supply of our home city has failed to

‘everage purity requiremnts

A meet B see C own D hold

Question 37: The Moon is much closer to Earth , and thus it had greater influence on the tides

‘A where the Sun is B than is the Sun

C unlike the Sun D but the Sun is

Question 38: Mai: “Do you want another serving of chicken soup?

Seo

A.No thanks B No way C No commnet D No longer

Question 39: Having traveled to different parts of our country, £ A we are seeing a lot of interesting lifestyles and customs

B, we have learned a lot about interesting lifestyles and customs C much has been learned about interesting lifestyles and customs D many interesting lifestyles and customs have been learned by us

Question 40: His honesty is ; nobody can doubt it

A in question B without question

C out the question D beside the question Question 41: You can use my car you drive carefully

A As though B.aslongas — Œ.though D lest Question 42: Scarcely had he stepped out of the room he heard a loud laughter within

A Until B then € than D when

Question 43: The children ran away as if they a ghost

A See B had seen C would see D have seen Question 44: We decided to take a late flight wo could spend more time with our family

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Question 45: He’s sometimes bad ~ tempered but he’s a good fellow

A at heart B with heart C in heart D by heart

Question 46; I would join that running competition

A If it would happen 5 years ago B when I was 5 yoars older

C if I were 5 years younger D unless I were 5 years younger

Question 47: The government was finally by a minor scandal Taken down — B brought down G put back D, pulled down

Question 48: Thanh: “Lan’s the best singer in our school.” Nadia: `

A Yes, please B I can't agree with you more!

C That's OK! D Yes, tell me about it!

Question 49: My brother tried to learn Japanese at a night school, he gave up after 2 months

A but B until C when D therefore Question 50: We expressed the missing child would be found alive

A the hope that B the hope which € the hope for D as we hoped

Mark the letter A, B, C, D on your answer sheet to indicate the word (s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

Question 51: We'd better speed up if we want to got there in time, A.turn down B slowdown Œ.putdown D lie down Question 52: A chronic lack of sleep may make us irritable and reduces

our motivation to work

A calm B miserable G responsive _D uncomfortable

‘Question 53: She is a very generous old woman She has given most of her wealth to a charity organization

A Amicable — B kind G mean D hospitable

Question 54: Her thoughtless comments made him very angry

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Question 55: We are now a 24/7 society where shops and services must be available all hours

A an active society B a physical society C an inactive society D a working society

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 56 to 65

Archimedes’s Principle is a law of physics that states that when an object is totally or partially immersed in a fluid, it experiences an upthrust equal to the weight of the fluid displaced The principle is most frequently applied to the behaviour of objects in water, and helps to explain floating and sinking, and why objects seem lighter in water It also applies to balloons

The key word in the principle is “upthrust”, which refers to the force acting upward to reduce the apparent weight of the object when it is under water If, for example, a metal block with a volume of 100 cm” is dipped in water, it displaces an equal volume of water, which has a weight of approximately 1 N (3.5 02) The block therefore seems to weigh about 1N less

An object will float if its average density is less than that of water If

it is totally submerged, the weight of the water it displaces (and hence the

upthrust on it) is greater than its own weight, and it is forced upward and out of water, until the weight if water displaced by submerged part is exactly equal to the weight of the floating object Thus a block of wood with a density six tenths that of water will float with six tenths of its volume under water, since at that point the weight of fluid displaced is the same as the blocks's own weight If a dense material is made into a suitable shape, it will float because of Archimedes’s principle A ship floats, whereas a block of iron of the same mass sinks

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displaced to give the necessary upthrust This moans the ship is lower in the water, which can be dangerous in rough weather

From “Archimedes’s Principle”, Microsoft® Student 2008[DVD]

Microsoft Corporation, 2007

Question 56: What happens when something is immersed in a fluid? A The fluid will expand the object and overflow to the floor

B It receives a download force, equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

G.It receives an upward force, equal to the weight of the fluid displaced,

D It will be pushed further down with a force, equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

Question 57: The word “volume” in the passage refers to

A lenght B quantity G.frequeney D loudness Question 58: The word “displaces” in the passage almost means “ Py

A replaces with a new one B takes the place of

€ takes place D puts in position

Question 59: If an object's average density is less than that of water, the object will

A drift B, float C inflate D.sink

Question 60: A block of wood with a density seven tenths that of water will

A go up and down the sink

B sink immediately when submerged

C float with an equal volume of its volume under water D, float with a half of its volume under water

Question 61: A ship floats, whereas a block of iron of the same mass sinks because the ship

A has a special shape B is made of wood C has buoys D is lighter

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Question 63: The word “upthrust” in the passage refers to the A upside-down turn B upturned force

C upward push D upper side of an object

Question 64: Ships cannot be so heavily loaded if they want to sail in fresh water as they sail in the sea, because

A sea water is ‘saltier’ than fresh water

B fresh water is more polluted

C fresh water is ‘lighter’ than sea water D there's too much salt in sea water

Question 65: Archimedes’ Principle explains why i A objects seem lighter in water B humans can swim

G all objects will float D Archimedes became famous

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to the sentence given in cach of the following questions

Question 66: Peter's main subject at university is electronics

A The university lets Peter major in electronics B, Peter thinks electronics is a special subject

C Peter majors in electronics at university

D Electronics is among the subjects that Peter likes n 67: Thanks to the efforts of environmentalist ing better aware of the problem of endangered species,

A People owe their growing awareness of the problems of endangered species to the efforts of environmentalist

B People have no idea about the problems of endangered species in spite of the efforts of environmentalists

C Environmentalists are expressing their gratitude toward people who are better aware of the problem of endangered spe

D Environmentalists are doing their best to make people aware of the problems of endangered species

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Question 68: Although the teacher explained the theory clearly, the

students found it hard to understand it

A Though explained clearly, the theory of teaching was difficult to the students

B Despite the teacher’s clear explanation of theory, the students had difficulty understanding it

C Although the teaching theory was clear, it was a real challenge to the students

D In spite of explaining the theory clearly, the students themselves found it hard to understand it

Question 69: I could not get the job because I did not speak English well A Lfailed to get the job because of my poor English

B, Despite my poor English, I was successful in the job C I wish I had got the job so that I could speak English well D I would have spoken English well if I could get that job

Question 70: I wish I hadn't accepted the invitation to her birthday party

A Linsisted on having been invited to her birthday party

B, I was very glad to accept the invitation to her birthday party, G I regret accepting the invitation to her birthday party

D If only I had come to her birthday party

Question 71: “How brave you are!” he said to the firemen ‘A He asked how brave the firemen were,

B He blamed the firemen for their discouragement, C He criticized the firemen for their discouragement D He praised the firemen for their courage,

Question 72: I would have worn the right shoes if I had known I was going to do all this climbing

A [did not go climbing because I did not have the right shoes

B As I did not know I was going to do so much climbing, I did not wear suitable shoes

C I would have gone on the climb if 1 had beon wearing the right shoes

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Dai lage ~ ao đm,

Question 73: The man in that painting reminds me of my uncle

A Memories of my uncle come back whenever I see the man in that

paining

B I am recalling my uncle whenever I look at the man in that

painting

C Whenever my uncle sees the man in that painting, I remember to

meet my uncle

D Whenever I see the man in that painting, I remember to meet my uncle Question 74: No one but Jane succeeded in giving the correct answer

A All but Jane managed to produce the correct answer B Only Jane failed to answer the question correctly C Jane was among those who failed to guess the answer, D Everyone but Jane failed to provide the correct answer

Question 75: A small hotel was the only choice of place to stay at during

my trip to London

A There were a lot of hotels for me to choose from during my trip to

London

B, I was talked into staying at a small hotel during my trip to London € Thad no alternative but to stay at a small hotel during my trip to

London

D Thad different choices of where to stay during my trip to London

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the

underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

Question 76: Some people often say (A) that using cars (B) is not as

convenient than (C) using motorbikes (D)

Question 77: I like the fresh air (A) and green trees (B) of the village which (C) I spent my vacation (D) last year

Question 78: In the early 1900's, Pennsylvania’s industries (A) grew rapidly, a growth sometimes (B) accompanied (C) by disputes labor (D)

Question 79: It was not until the end (A) of prehistoric (B) times that the

first (C) wheeled vehicles appearing (D)

Question 80: Looking (A) from afar, the village resembles (B) a small green

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Duin togi v4 hating dim gitd dé thi Dai học ~ ao đẳng En

Phan B

PHÂN LOẠI VÀ HƯỚNG DẪN GIẢI

ĐỀ THỊ THEO CHỦ ĐỀ

Phần Ï PHÂN LOẠI CÂU HỎI TRONG ĐỀ THỊ

Với 80 câu hỏi làm trong 90 phút, chúng ta cẩn bình tĩnh, đọc rõ yêu câu của để, yêu cầu của từng phản, lướt nhanh toàn bộ dé dé xem dé you cẩu gì có khi phẩn chú ý, hoặc yêu cẩu lại để cuối để thi Khi làm bài chúng ta nôn làm tới đâu chắc tới đó, đánh dấu ngay vào phiếu trả l tránh làm nháp rồi mới điển vào phiếu trả lời sau, nếu điển vào phiếu trả lời sau sẽ dễ có tình trạng chúng ta làm đúng nhưng khi điển vào lại vội vàng điển lệch câu, như vậy sai một loạt các câu tiếp tho

Chú ý: Để tránh tình trạng bỏ sót các câu, hãy nhớ phương pháp loại suy là tối ưu nhất Nốu gặp trường hợp khó quá cũng phải loại dẫn từng phương án, sau đó chọn phương án thích hợp nhất, khơng được bỏ trống bất cứ câu nào,

Trong để thỉ ĐH, CÐ mơn tiếng Anh thường có khoảng 10-15% là những câu hỏi khó, với các câu hỏi này chúng ta nôn quyết đốn và chọn ngay, khơng nên quá tập trung để phí thời gian vơ ích Không nôn để lại cuối giờ thí làm vì có thổ sẽ không kịp thời gian để làm hoặc do quên mà

bỏ sót Dưới đây là một số lưu ý cho từng phần trong cấu trúc để thi môn

tiếng Anh, những kinh nghiệm dưới đây sẽ giúp các bạn học sinh định

hướng phương pháp ôn thi môn tiếng Anh tốt hơn

1 TRONG AM

Để thi ĐH, CĐ mơn tiếng Anh thường có 5 câu đánh trọng âm từ vì

vậy chúng ta cân nhớ các quy tắc đánh trọng âm Với cách làm bài môn

tiếng Anh dạng này, trước tiên chúng ta cẩn chọn từ có quy tấc đánh trọng âm và loại trừ các từ khơng có quy tắc hoặc đang phân vân chưa rõ

Trang 34

dé thi Đại ge ~ €uo đẩmu

đogi fusing

trọng âm ở đâu Chúng ta chỉ cần tầm ra trọng âm của 3 trong 4 từ đã cho là có thể hồn thành bài tập này

Một số quy tắc đánh trọng âm:

~_ Với động từ có hai âm tiết, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai

— Danh từ có hai âm tiết, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất

~ Từ có đi: íe, ics, ical, ial, ion, ity, ety, ive, ilar, ular, ulous, age, ure trong Am thuting rơi vào âm tiết trước các đi đó,

~_ Đối với từ có ba âm tiết trở lên, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ

ba từ cuối lên (từ phải sang trái)

~ “Từ có đi: afe, y, ise hoặc ize, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ ba từ cuối lên, hay từ phải sang trái

Ví dụ:

1 A.oloctric B.poliical Œ.geology D.telephone 2 A, fantastic B.humorous €.patont D interesting

Câu 1: đáp án là D Các đáp dn A, B, C trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai Riêng đáp án D, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất

Câu 2: đáp án là A do trọng âm của các phương án B, C, D đều rơi vào âm thứ tiết nhất, riêng đáp án A trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai

1L TRẮC NGHIỆM CHỌN TỪ HOẶC CỤM TỪ

Đây là dạng bài điển vào chỗ trống, học sinh phải lựa chọn một trong bốn phương án để hoàn thành câu bị thiếu đảm bảo tính logic và đúng

ngữ pháp

Để làm dạng bài này, trước tiên chúng ta cẩn đọc lướt các phương án trả lời đổ biết chỗ còn thiếu liên quan đốn từ vựng hay ngữ pháp nào:

~ Nếu là về từ vựng thì cẩn xác định được loại từ vựng đó là tính từ, danh từ, động từ, trạng từ, số ít số nhiễu, khẳng định, phủ định, tiên

tố, hậu tố,

~ Nếu là về mặt ngữ nghĩa, cẩn lựa chọn từ nào có nghĩa hợp logic

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id dé thi Doi lige ~ ao đẳng

Sau đó, cẩn đọc kĩ câu văn, dịch qua ý nghĩa của câu, xác định xem yếu tố cịn thiếu là gì, không nên chọn câu trả lời khi chưa đọc xong hết cầu

Ví dụ: một chuỗi các từ được tách nhau bởi dấu (,) thường liên quan

đốn cấu trúc song song

11ike playing sports, watching TV, and up my garden A.totldy B.tidy Œ.tidying D.tied

Đáp án đúng là € vì đây là cấu trúc song song, các động từ cùng duôi giống nhau

im

II NHẬN BIẾT LỖI SAI

Với dạng câu hỏi này, 1 trong 4 từ (cụm từ) được gạch chân sẽ sai, chúng ta phải nhận biết được phương án sai, cẩn phải sửa để đảm bảo tính hợp nghĩa, đúng ngữ pháp của câu

Cân đọc nhanh từng câu đổ tìm lỗi sai dễ nhận thấy, không nên chỉ

đọc hẳn gạch chân, vì hẳu hết các từ gạch chân chỉ sai trong ngữ

cảnh của câu đó

Nếu vẫn chưa phát hiện ra lỗi sai, đọc kĩ lại câu văn Hãy nghĩ đến những lỗi sai thông dụng nhất như cấu tạo từ, sai chính tả kết hợp giữa

danh từ và động từ để xem các từ gạch chân rơi vào trường hợp nào Ví dụ: The sale of pet turtles were banned (A) because of (B) the disease risk they posed to (C) young children (D)

Đọc lướt tất cả câu này và phân tích ta nhận thấy rằng B, C, D không hổ có dấu hiệu sai Xem xót A, ta thấy rằng chủ từ “The salo of pot turtles” ở số ít thì động từ phải chia ở số ít, mà A lại ở số nhiều, do đó rõ ràng A sai Đáp án đúng phải là *was banned",

IV HOÀN THÀNH CÂU, TỪ CHO SẤN, VIẾT LẠI CÂU

Dạng bài này đòi hỏi học sinh phải hiểu được ý nghĩa của câu, nội dung họ định hướng muốn nói tới cái gì Việc hiểu được nghĩa của câu đòi hỏi chúng ta phải trang bị cho mình một vốn từ vựng tương đối vững chắc

Ngoài nghĩa của từ, cần quan tâm tới cấu trúc, ngữ pháp, tính logic và

Trang 36

logi:

fusing

Dai lige ~ Cao di

Vidi

A The train I got on did not stop in Chelsea B The train stopped in Chelsea, where I got on C got on a train which stopped in Chelsea, D I didn’t stop a train in Chelsea

Nghĩa câu gốc là: *Tôi lên tàu nhưng nó khơng dừng ở Chelsea” Phương án A đúng vì câu A có nghĩa giống câu gốc Phương án B, C và D loại vì nghĩa khác

Vv ĐỌC HIỂU

Dạng bài đọc hiểu trong để thi tiếng Anh có thể chia làm 2 dạng:

Điền từ vào chỗ trống dựa vào từ cho sẵn và đọc một đoạn và tìm đáp án cho các câu hỏi

Dạng 1 : Có những căn cứ sau giúp học sinh lựa chọn được phương án thích hợp nhất với dạng bài này:

Căn cứ vào cụm từ, nhóm từ

got on a train and it didn’t stop in Chelsea

Căn cứ vào ngữ pháp của câu, của đoạn văn Cân cứ vào ý nghĩa của câu đó và cả đoạn văn

Dạng 2 : Nên đọc lướt 1 lần đoạn văn để hiểu sơ ý của bài

Nên đọc câu hỏi và phương án trước để lưu ý các chỉ tiết của bài là gì Lân theo từng câu từ trên xuống dưới đổ tìm đáp án đúng

Với dạng bài này thường có câu hỏi chung cho cả đoạn văn, đáp án

câu hỏi này thường nằm ở 1, 2 câu đâu tiên hoặc cuối cùng của đoạn Đơi

khi cịn có cả câu hỏi phán đốn hay tìm ngụ ý của bài đòi hỏi thí sinh phải đọc kỹ và suy luận chính xác, khơng nơn chỉ tìm từ giống trong bài hay suy diễn quá xa nội dung bài

VI TRAO ĐỔI VĂN HOÁ

Trong những năm gắn đây để thi ĐH, CÐ món tiếng Anh thường có

một số câu hỏi về giao tiếp thông thường như cảm ơn, xin lỗi, đáp lại lời

cảm ơn đổ làm tốt dạng bài này cẳn lưu ý những cách thức giao tiếp

trong tiếng Anh như:

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~ Xin lỗi và đáp lại lời xin lỗi —_Xin phép (làm việc gì dé ) — Bay té su nuối tiếc

~ Bay té su cdm thong ~ Mời và đáp lại — Để nghị (giúp đỡ) Ra lệnh, đe dọa ~ Phàn nàn, chỉ trích và cáo buộc '

Khi làm bài dạng này cân xác định xem đó là câu dạng gì để chọn câu trả lời phù hợp

Vi dy: ~ Congratulations to you on passing the final exam! A, Don’t mention it B All right

C Many thanks D You're welcome!

Đây là câu chúc mừng nôn sẽ chọn đáp án là C

~ Would you like some more noodles? = „ Tm full,

A Yes, please! B No, I wouldn't

C No, thanks D, Not at all

Đây là lời mời nhưng người được mời từ chối nôn đáp án sẽ là C ~ Thank you for giving me such a lovely handbag!

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é thi Dai age ~ Cao đẳng,

Phan 2 HUONG DAN ON TAP THEO CHU DE

Cli dé 1; PHONOLOGY

PHONETICS

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others

1 A-entertainment B environment C.comment D development 2 A.congestion B question C institution D suggestion

3 A result B research C reason D resident

4 A increased B agreed C behaved D changed

6 A.cutvation 8 culture C current D curriculum

7 A.approach B stomach C stretch D reach

8 A communicate B.considerale C certificate D elaborate

9 A gather B rhythm C theory D therefore

40 A agency B agenda C engagement D budget

1 A enormous B sophisticate _C profound D economic

12 A industry B success C survival D summary

13 A values B.fragments C donations D problems 14, A finger B singer C ringer D hanger 15 A happen B manage C safeguard D passage 16 A measure B occasion C enthusiasm D erosion

17 A headquarter B health C heating D heaven

18 A food B boot C roof D good

49 A honey B honor C horror D hostage

20 A impression B income C idol D include STRESS

Choose the word whose stress is different from that of the others 1 A supportive B compulsory C.seconday D contractual

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3 A compliment B counterpart C category 4 A stagnant B substantial C.marvelous 5 A.subsidy B shortcoming _C inflation 6 A oliminate B determine

7 A.expedition B centenarian 8 A-anlelope B hummock 9 A.vulnerable B outstanding 10 A discriminate B advocate

1 A habitat B reserve C colony 12 A swallow B digest C survive 13 A epidemic B disaster C hesitation 14, A philosopher B involvement —_C nonsense 6 A wilderness B childbearing C.enthusiast 16 A defend B initiate C eject 17 A eradicated B incredible C unexpected 18 A.deforestation B.urbanizalon C.examinaion 19 A.undergraduate B.minorly C application 20 A guideline B investment —_C vacancy

Chui dé 2: GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES

ARTICLES

I INDEFINITE ARTICLES A/AN

D commitment D Ethnic D terrorist D interfere D personality D rainfall, D deep-seated D dedicate D desert D compose D integration D precision D scuba-diving D reunite D eternal D renovation D intervention D wholesale

‘The indefinite article A/An is used before singular countable nouns or

adjectives followed by singular nouns

A + consonant sounds

a ruler, a European country, a university

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An + vowel sounds

an apple, an umbrella, an hour

an exciting holiday

USE

‘The indefinite article is used:

* Before a noun which is mentioned for the first time and represents no particular person or thing

They live ina flat

* Before a noun which represents a group of people, animals or things We can also use the or the plural form

A/ The dolphin is an intelligent animal Dolphins are intelligent animals

* When talking about someone's character, job, or nationality He is a pessimist

She is an accountant

Jim is an Englishman, (But Michel is French.) + In certain numerical expressions:

a couple/dozen, a thousand/million, a half/quarter, a great deal of, a

lot of, a great many

We need a hundred copies

A great many teenagers listen to music while doing their homework They walked a quarter of a mile

* To talk about: price per weight or item, distance per amount of fuel or speed, frequency per time, certain illnesses

This brandy costs 25S a bottle My car does 50 miles a gallon My car does 120 kilometers an hour

They go to the cinema twice a month He has a fever

* Before Mr./Mrs./Miss/Ms + surname when we refer to someone unknown:

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