Cultural changes in the Cot village in renovation period = Những biến đổi văn hóa ở làng Cót thời kỳ đổi mới

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPED SCIENCE - NGO THI MINH CULTURAL CHANGES IN THE COT VILLAGE IN RENOVATION PERIOD Master Thesis Major Vietnamese Studies Code: 60 31 60 SUPERVISOR: Prof Dr Nguyen Quang Ngoc Hanoi - 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT After a period of time researching and implementing of specialized master's thesis majored Vietnamese Studies, the thesis: "Cultural changes in the Cot village in renovation period“ has been perfected and completed First of all, in order to get the desired results, I would like to express my deep gratitude to Prof Dr Nguyen Quang Ngoc – the Director of Institute of Vietnamese Studies and Developed Science, who is my supervisor for this master thesis, for his kindness and willingness as well as valuable advices and science-oriented guidances that help me well in conducting this thesis Moreover, as this Master thesis marks a completion of studying process at the IVS&DS, I also would like to show my great gratitude to my lecturers and professors who taught us at class CH-K4 for advanced studies majors as well as to all the staff of the Institute Secondly, I truly appreciate the enthusiastic contribution of People Committee Cau Giay district, People Committee of Yen Hoa ward, families and individuals living in Yen Hoa ward, who are extremely willing to give me figures, interviews and local data surveys for improving this thesis Thirdly, my acknowledgement is included here to the leader of Training office – Hanoi College of Education as well as the staff, colleagues, who gave me a great cares, encouragements and willing to help me all the time And finally, I would like to send my all-heated thanks to all of my teachers as well as friends, who always gave me supports so that I could get over all the diffculties during the research Despite my best efforts, due to the limitation of my capacity, the time the thesis could not be avoided inevitable shortcomings; I am looking forward to receiving the valuable comments of all so that I could overcome the limitations as well as develope my thesis in the next researches Sincerely yours, The thesis’ author Ngo Thi Minh CONTENTS OPENING 1 Purpose and the meaning of the subject Historical research issues .2 Objects and scope of research topics The resources and research methods .8 Contribution of the thesis 10 Layout of the thesis .11 CHAPTER 1: THE NATURAL CONDITIONS, THE FORMATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRADITIONAL COT VILLAGE 12 1.1 Geographical location and natural conditions 12 1.1.1 Geographical location 12 1.1.2 Topography and soil 13 1.1.3 The transport system 15 1.2 Village formation process and the administrative changes 16 1.2.1 The process of formation 16 1.2.2 Evolution of the village administration 18 1.3 The features of traditional Cot village 21 1.3.1 Cot village - an ancient Vietnamese village, situated at the gateway to the west of the capital 21 1.3.2 Cot village - land rich tradition of innovation 21 1.3.3 Cot village - land of rich cultural traditions 23 1.3.4 Patriotic tradition against foreign aggression and fighting spirit indomitable resilience 26 State the chapter 28 CHAPTER 2: CULTURE COT VILLAGE BEFORE THE RENEWAL PERIOD 30 2.1 Socio-economic situation 30 2.1.1 The period from 1945-1954 30 2.1.2 The period from 1954-1975 31 2.1.3 The period from 1976-1986 37 2.2 Cultural situation .39 2.2.1 Spiritual cultural 39 2.2.2 Material culture 43 State the chapter 46 CHAPTER 3: CULTURE COT VILLAGE RENEWAL PERIOD TO THE PRESENT 47 3.1 Socio-economic situation 47 3.1.1 The period 1986 - 1996 .47 3.1.2 The period from 1997 to present 49 3.2 Cultural life .56 3.2.1 Cultural spiritual life 56 3.2.2 Material cultural life 67 State the chapter 75 CHAPTER 4: COT VILLAGE CULTURE: THE STATUS CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS 76 4.1 Recovery of traditional culture .76 4.1.1 Recovery of traditional culture 76 4.1.2 Socialization process of the restoration of traditional culture 80 4.2 The demand towards the culture of spirituality of the modern village 87 4.3 Problems arise in the process of transformation of social culture 91 4.3.1 The environment 91 4.3.2 Immigrants 93 4.3.3 For security and social vices 94 4.3.4 The land 96 State the chapter 97 CONCLUSION 98 REFERENCES 101 PHỤ LỤC 1PL LIST OF TABLES, PICTURES, CHART TABLES Table 1.1: Evolution of the village of Cot 20 Table 3.2: Current status of the villagers houses Cot 2009 54 Table 3.3: Evaluation of changes in the level of village life from1990 to present 55 Table 3.1: Sources of household income in 2009 .51 Table 3.4: Frequency of participation of village .61 Table 4.1: Contributions to the construction, restoration of monuments, buildings of worship in the village of Cot 85 CHART Chart 3.1: Sources of income of families in the village of Cot 2009 51 Chart 3.2: Chart showing changes in the level of village life from 1990 to present 56 Chart 4.1: Contributions from construction, remodeling the relics, works of worship 85 PICTURES Figure 1.1: Location of village in Yen Hoa Cau Giay district, Hanoi 13 Figure 1.2: Map of land use planning and Cau Giay district – Hanoi 14 Figure 1.3: Map showing network traffic around Yen Hoa Ward 15 Figure 1.4: Map of Complete Long Agent 19 Figure 2.1: Diagram of the village of Cot relics .45 Figure 3.1: Diagram of new urban areas Yen Hoa 68 OPENING Purpose and the meaning of the subject Country Vietnam nerally, villages in the North in particular can be regarded as one of the typical for the region including the countryside throughout the country From the ancient village has become a form of organized residents and production characteristics for Vietnamese The village itself is a typical type of nuclear structures in the long history of our nation Along with the process of history, the village gradually became a centre of the society The economic activity, social in the village take place also when as death, when prosperous tied to the vicissitudes of history In other words, the village is a small mirror that reflects the face of the country throughout history, as well as in each particular historical duration Village is an object of scientific study of the history, cultural studies, has a rich, complexity, attract many generations of research and has had many achievements However, the research that primarily stem from the approach of Economics, history, sociology, etc In recent years Vietnam majors with interdisciplinary research methods and study areas have been born and growing By reaching a relatively new and comprehensive process of formation and development of villages, the interaction between people/ residents of the village with the natural environment and the social environment, the tendency to select a featured, bringing overall-school area being more interested scholars Along with the development, innovation and integration of the country, Vietnamese village also has been "change meat" and puts the new character designs The old village, now a city, thecapital farmers to stick with life-changing fields suddenlybecome millionaires, industrial parks, factories, apartment buildings springing up to replace the vast plains all has and is happening all pose major problems for the development ofVietnam's society and future Therefore, studies of villages, offarmers, village culture still is and will be key issues for thegeneral science and social science in particular The study of through the period innovation is of the village changes, cultural village on the development, especially essential The meticulous research, in field, the currentperiod science of will help us realize right, get the overall look to assess the development of the villages in the modern context Therefore, study of the countryside, of the farmers, cultural villages still are and will be a key issue for the science and social science in particular So, study the transformation of countryside, cultural village from later periods of renewal up to date is essential The elaborately science research will help us realize the proper process of urbanizati on of rural areas, the development of villages in modern context Furthermore, the research results will be the basis of practical science and reasoning to build new cultural life on the basis of inheriting and promote the value of cultural traditions in the countryside now Derived from the meaning of science and practices that, we choose the subject "The transformation of culture in the village of Cot era innovation" as theses master, specializing in Vietnam studies Historical research issues Villages of Vietnam - a social entity - an object of science, from hundreds of years have been many researchers inside and outside the country of interest and achievement is quite bulky However, the study villages of the period before the 80s of the twentieth century has not essentially holistic and comprehensive Since the Vietnam State began implementation of policy reforms in the late '80s, the village studies appear on a lot, the amount ofwork has increased and more diverse audience, scope andmethodology - The research group of foreign scholars: The number of research works of foreign scholars on Vietnam village is also quite diverse and abundant We are pleased to statistics some typical projects such as Farmers Tonkin Delta (1936) by Pierre Gourou,Facing the future, restoring the past: a study of social change ina village North of Vietnam (1999) author John Kleinen, Culture, Ritual and Revolution in Property VN's Kingsley village in the Red river delta: the unresolved issue (2002) with the schoolauthor Olivier Tessier, Nelly Krowolski Based on a combination of both trends and history of the university, Kim Jong Ouk authorsconducted a survey, find out the movements of Me Tri villagefrom the early to mid-TK TK XIX XX (2009) in a number of variables change in the Red River Delta villages from the early nineteenth century to the mid twentieth century (the case of Me Tri village), ect In addition to the works of the above, the volume of work is a fairly massive printed in books, newspapers, magazines, the researchvillages by agencies of social science research organizationVietnam organizations, the thesis, dissertation scholars at home and abroad Researchers approached foreign village Vietnam village, especially the northern plains in many different angles The studytheir contribution to Vietnam for the industry in general in terms ofcontent, research issues, research methods - Group of research by scholars, scientists in the country: With the VN researcher, notes on the customs and practices of the Vietnamese village appeared very soon TK XX First appeared Vietnam customary work of Phan Ke Binh, Toan Anh with old Nep, carnival hit After peace was restored in the Northin 1954, the village is the study of more attention: Rural SocialVietnam (Nguyen Hong Phong, 1959), Rural Vietnam in history (Institute of History, 1977 and 1978 ) and many articles of the authors: Diep Dinh Hoa, Phan Dai Doan, Phan Huu Dat published in the journal The renovation began in 1986 has brought a breath of fresh air to change meat in the village The transformation and diversification of the village quickly - where capital is considered to be relativelyself-contained and autonomous ancient became attractive themes of the social science research over the past two decades Learn about the cultural change in the countryside, the village placed in the flow of economic, social and cultural problem in the studies focus on the village of researchers: Tu Chi, Phan DaiDoan, To Duy Hop These can be divided fairly Vietnamese village studies of the innovation stage to present two basic trends: one is the nature ofthe research overview of rural villages that take the survey unit; two case studies are specific to each village In the first trend, we must first mention the works as The organizational structure of Vietnamese traditional village in the northern (Nguyen Tu Chi, 1984), Vietnam Village - a social and economic problems (Phan Dai Doan, 1992), on a number ofvillage shops at the northern delta XVIII-XIX century (Nguyen Quang Ngoc, 1993) and a lot of valuable paper of the authors: Diep Dinh Hoa, Dao The Tuan, Bui Xuan Dinh, these building shave shown the basic characteristics of the Vietnamese village of the Red River delta, its role in the history of socio-economicand cultural development of the country Although not mentioneddirectly, but these studies were interested in cultural change in the village as an inevitable process occurs; problem is how that process orientation was to promote traditional beautiful villages, while overcoming its drawbacks in the process of national renewal The work values and traditions and people of Vietnam today (Phan Huy Le and Vu Minh Giang editor, 1996), ministerial-level:Rural Culture in Development (Institute of Culture - Ministry of Culture, 2000 ) State-level theme: rural Development in Vietnam from traditional villages to modern civilization (Vu Trong Khai,Do Thai, Pham Bich Hop editor, 2004) are attracting major research many scientists involved The results of this program is a series of articles and editorials published research on thebook or magazine That's the article: "Social traditional village innorthern VN on the changes" (Nguyen Duc Nghinh), "Current status of rural culture and contemporary trends" (Luong Hong Quang, Nguyen Tuan Anh, Pham Nam Thanh) All these studiesexamined the Red River Delta Vietnamese village in particular and VN general direction of the change: natural variation, human consciousness and changes by direct effects or indirect effects of development policies The authors emphasized the situationchanges, the phase transformation, the two faces of the transformation Direct consideration of cultural transformation in the countryside in the modern period as a research subject, the book The Transformation of villages VN today in the Red River Delta (To Duy Hop editor, 2000) work author has analyzed, synthesized andgeneralized to a multi-color picture of the transformation processof the Red River Delta after 10 years of innovation The bookrefers to the change in economic structure, social services, thevalue-system of cultural norms in the family, clan, village, villagemanagement systems in the economies market today Interested in the transformation process in four Tan Hong (Hai Duong), Me (Hung Yen), Phung Thuong Hoang Liet (HN), Nguyen Van Khanh Change in the structure of land and agricultural economy in the Red River delta in the renovation period (2001) has confirmed the Red River delta is rich in potential As a result of structural changes of land and agricultural economy is the material life and culture of the people sharply higher, farmersescape poverty, to stabilize and enrich lives on her homeland In addition a number of works we have mentioned above there are numerous books, articles, dissertations, theses same topic that other conditions not permit us to point out in this review ascivilization past and present Red River (Tran Duc, 1993), restructure the rural economy of the Red River delta (Nguyen Trung Que, 1994) The second tendency of scholars of Vietnam is a case studyspecific to each village The work of Diep Dinh Hoa Vietnamese Village (1994) gave a comprehensive picture of the Vietnamese village A traditional Vietnamese village in rural northern plain of Nguyen Hai Ke (1996) is one of the works have tried to study the changes in all areas in a typical village of the Red River delta inapproach of a historian Loan write about Danish village "villagecommunes of Vietnam through the village of Dan Taiwan case" Some problems in the villages of Vietnam (2009), NguyenQuang Ngoc has studied the process of establishing the villageas well as economic situation, political society and culture of an ancient land commune Human Rights, Binh Giang district, Hai Duong ... through the provincial road, the village also inter -village road in the middle of the village The main road connecting the hamlets in the village, inter -village roads remain almost intact (now open... our current investigation in the form of using sociological surveys, in- depth interviews conductedover the last try of the elders in the village on the changes of villagesin different periods of... including Japanese and Vietnamese In addition,seminars on Bach Coc study was organized in 1997 in Nam Dinh ,in Hanoi in 2003, in the Netherlands in 2002 and in Japan in 2007 Besides the study villages