cách dùng mệnh đề quan hệ trong tiếng anh

RELATIVE CLAUSES MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ I Định nghĩa - Mệnh đề quan hệ mệnh đề phụ nối với mệnh đề đại từ quan hệ (who, whom, whose, which, that ) hay trạng từ quan hệ (where, when, why) Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng đằng sau danh từ, đại từ mệnh đề để bổ sung ý nghĩa cho danh từ, đại từ ấy,phân biệt danh từ đại từ với danh từ đại từ khác Chức giống tính từ cịn gọi mệnh đề tính ngữ II CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ Who: -Là đại từ quan hệ người làm chủ ngữ, đứng sau tiền ngữ người để làm chủ ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó.-Theo sau who động từ Eg: The man who is sitting by the fire is my father ->That is the boy who helped me to find your house Whom: -Là đại từ quan hệ người làm tân ngữ, đứng sau tiền ngữ người để làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó.-Theo sau whom chủ ngữ Eg: The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt.->The boy whom we are looking for is Tom Which:Là đại từ quan hệ vật, làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ cho động từ sau -Theo sau which động từ chủ ngữ Eg: This is the book I like it best.=> This is the book which I like best The hat is red It is mine.=> The hat which is red is mine -Khi which làm tân ngữ, ta lược bỏ which Eg: This is the book I like best The dress (which) I bought yesterday is very beautiful That: Là đại từ quan hệ người lẫn vật, dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which mệnh đề quan hệ thuộc loại Restricted Clause (Mệnh đề xác định) Eg: That is the book that I like best.=>That is the bicycle that belongs to Tom My father is the person that I admire most I can see the girl and her dog that are running in the park 5.Whose:Là đại từ quan hệ người, thay cho tính từ sở hữu Whose dùng cho of which -Theo sau Whose danh từ Eg: The boy is Tom You borrowed his bicycle yesterday => The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom John found a cat Its leg was broken  John found a cat whose leg was broken III CÁC TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ When: trạng từ quan hệ thời gian, đứng sau tiền ngữ thời gian, dùng thay cho at, on, in + which, then Eg: May Day is the day when people hold a meeting (= on which) I’ll never forget the day when I met her (=on which) That was the time when he managed the company (= at which) Where: trạng từ quan hệ nơi trốn, thay cho a, on, in + which; there) Eg: That is the house where we used to live (= in which) Do you know the country where I was born? Hanoi is the place where I like to come Why: trạng từ quan hệ lí do, đứng sau tiền ngữ “the reason”, dùng thay cho “for the reason” Eg: Please tell me the reason why you are so sad (= for which) He told me the reason why he had been absent from class the day before IV CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: có ba loại mệnh đề quan hệ 1.Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định ( restrictive relative clause) -Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, phận quan trọng câu,nếu bỏ mệnh đề khơng có nghĩa rõ ràng Eg The girl who is wearing the blue dress is my sister The book which I borrowed from you is very interesting 2.Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non- restrictive relative clause ) -Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước,là phần giải thích thêm, bỏ mệnh đề cịn nghĩa rõ ràng -Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thường ngăn với mệnh đề dấu phẩy Danh từ đứng trước thường tên riêng trước danh từ thường có từ như: this, that, these, those, my, his her…đứng trước - Không dùng that mệnh đề không xác định Eg My father, who is 50 years old, is a doctor This girl, whom you met yesterday, is my daughter 3.Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp - Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp dùng để giải thích câu, trường hợp dùng đại từ quan hệ which dùng dấu phẩy để tách hai mệnh đề Mệnh đề đứng cuối câu Eg He admires Mr Brown, which surprises me Mary tore Tom’s letter, which made him sad V.DẠNG RÚT GỌN CỦA MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn theo cách: 1.Using participle phrases (sử dụng phân từ) - Present participle: Dùng cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ thể chủ động Ta dùng present participle phrase thay cho mệnh đề (bỏ đại từ quan hệ trợ động từ, đưa động từ nguyên mẫu thêm –ing) The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle  The man sitting to you is my uncle Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night?  Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night? 2.Using past participle: - Past participle: Dùng cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ thể bị động (Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, trợ động từ bắt đầu cụm từ past participle) Eg1The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting The books written by To Hoai are interesting Eg2 The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy The students punished by the teacher are lazy Eg3 The house which is being built now belongs to Mr Pike The house built now belongs to Mr Pike 3.Using “to infinitive” or “infinitive phrase” (for sb to do): Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, bỏ chủ ngữ trợ động từ, bắt đầu cụm từ “infinitive” English is an important language which we have to master => English is an important language to master There is a good restaurant where we can eat good food => There is a good restaurant to eat good food That is the hotel where we can stay => That is the hotel to stay Here is the form that you must fill in => Here is the form for you to fill in 4.Using noun phrases: mệnh đề quan hệ không xách định rút gọn cách dùng cụm danh từ Eg1 George Washington, who was the first presidentof the United States, was a general in the army George Washington, the first presidentof the United States, was a general in the army Eg2 We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern Spain We visited Barcelona, a city in northern Spain VI.GiớI Từ ĐI VớI MệNH Đề QUAN Hệ: -Chỉ có hai đại từ quan hệ Whom which thường có giới từ kèm giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ cuối mệnh đề quan hệ Eg1 The man about whom you are talkingis my brother The man (whom) you are talking about is my brother Eg2The picture at which you are looking is very expensive The picture ( which) you are looking at is very expensive Chú ý: -Khi giới từ đứng cuối mệnh đề quan hệ ta bỏ đại từ quan hệ dùng that thay cho whom which mệnh đề quan hệ xác định -Khi giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ ta có khơng thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ có khơng thể dùng that thay cho whom which VII.Lưu ý mệnh đề quan hệ Các đại từ quan hệ có chức tân ngữ mệnh đề quan hệ xác định lược bỏ Eg Do you know the boy (whom) we met yesterday? That’s the house (which) I have bought -Tuy nhiên đại từ quan hệ có chức tân ngữ mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định lược bỏ Eg Mr Tom, whom I spoke on the phone to , is very interested in our plan Khi danh từ nói đến tân ngữ giới từ, ta đưa giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ Trường hợp dùng Whom Which Miss Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a very nice teacher Mr Cater, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost Chú ý cách dùng cấu trúc mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ: all, most, none, neither, any, either, some, (a)few, both, half, each, one, two, several, many, much, + of which/whom Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers I tried on three pairs of shoes, none of which fitted me He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer Two boys, neither of whom I had seen before, came into my class They have got two cars, one of which they seldom use There were a lot of people at the meeting, few of whom I had met before Các trường hợp sau thường phải dùng ‘that’ a Khi cụm từ đứng trước vừa danh từ người vật He told me about the places and people that he had seen in London b Sau tính từ so sánh nhất, first last This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen Moscow is the finest city that she’s ever visited That is the last letter that he wrote She was the first person that broke the silence c Sau từ all, only (duy nhất) very (chính là) All that he can say is this I bought the only book that they had You’re the very man that I would like to see d Sau đại từ bất định He never says anything that is worth listening to I’ll tell you something that is very interesting Phân BiỆt GiỮa Whose Và Of Which WHOSE : dùng cho người vật This is the book Its cover is nice -> This is the book whose cover is nice -> This is the book the cover of which is nice WHOSE :đứng trứoc danh từ OF WHICH : đứng sau danh từ ( danh từ phải thêm THE ) OF WHICH : dùng cho vật ,không dùng cho người This is the man His son is my friend -> This is the man the son of which is my friend.( sai ) -> This is the man whose son is my friend.( ) VIII.EXERCISES ON RELATIVE CLAUSES I Combine each pair of sentences using a relative pronoun or relative adverb She is the most intelligent woman I’ve ever met this woman This doctor is famous You visited him yesterday These children are orphans She is taking care of these children The two young men are not good persons You are acquainted with them My father goes swimming everyday You met him this morning The man is my father I respect this man most The man is my father I respect his opinion most Mary and Margaret are twins You met them yesterday I’ll introduce you to the man His support is necessary for your project 10 The middle-aged man is the director My father is talking to him 11 The boy is my cousin You make fun of him 12 The student is from china He sits next to me 13 I thanked the woman This woman had helped me 14 The professor is excellent I am taking his course 15 Mr Smith said he was too busy to speak to me I had come to see him 16 I saw a lot of people and horses They went to market 17 Tom has three sisters All of them are married 18 I recently went back to Paris It is still as beautiful as a pearl 19 I recently went back to Paris I was born in Paris nearly 50 years ago 20 Do you know the music? It is being played on the radio 21 You didn’t tell us the reason We have to cut down our daily expenses for that reason 22 The day was rainy She left on that day 23 I’ve sent him two letters He has received neither of them 24 That man is an artist I don’t remember the man’s name 25 One of the elephants had only one tusk We saw these elephants at the zoo 26 That car belongs to Dr Clark Its engine is very good 27 You sent me a present Thank you very much for it 28 This is Mrs Jones Her son won the championship last year 29 Rod Lee has won an Oscar I know his sister 30 Is this the style of hair? Your wife wants to have it 31 A man answered the phone He said Tom was out 32 7.05 is the time My plane arrives then 33 Max isn’t home yet That worries me 34 Do you know the building? The windows of the building are painted green 35 Last week I went to see the house I used to live in it 36 I don’t know the girl’s name She’s just gone into the hall 37 Be sure to follow the instructions They are given at the top of the page 38 Hoan Kiem lake is a historical place Its water is always blue II Fill in the blanks with Relative pronouns or Relative adverbs where necessary Let me see all the letters _ you have written Is there any one can help me this? Mr Brown, _ is only 34, is the director of this company I know a place roses grow in abundance It was the nurse told me to come in The teacher with , we studied last year no longer teaches in our school They showed me the hospital buildings had been destroyed by US bombings We saw many soldiers and tanks were moving to the front Dr Fleming, _ discovered penicillin, was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1945 10 He joined the political party _ was in power 11 Love, is a wonderful feeling, comes to everyone at some time in his life 12 Freedom is something for _ millions have given their lives 13 It is easy to find faults in people we dislike 14 The really happy people are those _ enjoy their daily work 15 We must find a time _ we can meet and a place _ we can talk III Use a Relative pronoun preceded by a preposition to combine each pair of sentences below: This is a rare opportunity You should take advantage of it to get a better job The boy is my cousin You made fun of him This matter is of great importance You should pay attention to it The woman lives next door to me You gave place to her on the bus The examination lasted two days I was successful in this examination This is the result of our work I’m pleased with it There is a No parking sign I not take notice of it Mr Brown is the man I am responsible to him for my work Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it 10 We are crossing the meadow We flew kites over it in our childhood IV Use Relative adverb to combine each pair of sentences below: This is the house We often stay in this house in summer I’ll show you the second hand bookshop You can find valuable books in this shop I have not decided the day I’ll go to London on that day He was born on the day His father was away on that day The book is a telephone directory We can look up telephone numbers in this book Mrs Brown rang Dr Brown He was going to carry out an urgent operation at that moment The airport is the most modern one We’re going to arrive at this airport She doesn’t want to speak of the cause She divorced her husband of this cause The days were the saddest ones I lived far from home on those days 10 I never forget the park We met each other for the first time at this park V Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases Do you know the woman who is coming towards us? I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country The children who attend that school receive a good education The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page They live in the house that was built in 1890 The papers that are on the table belong to Patrica The man who is talking to the policeman is my uncle The number of students who have been counted is quite high 10 George is the man who was chosen to represent the committee at the convention VI Replace the underlined clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase I don’t like him playing in the street I wish we had a garden that he could play in He simply loves parties He is always the first who comes and the last who leaves The last person who leaves the room must turn off the lights The first man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with VII Rewrite these sentences using a relative clause in place of the infinitive or infinitive phrases The floor is dusty but I haven’t got a brush to sweep it (with) The pilot was the only man to survive in the crash He was the second person to be killed in this way I have just found a river to swim (in) This is a form for you to fill (in) VIII Choose the best answer 1) The book I bought at the bookstore yesterday is expensive A who B whose C that D B & C are corre 2) What’s the name of the blonde girl just came in? A who B whose C whom D A & B are correct 3) I don’t like people lose their tempers easily A who B whose C that D A & C are correct 4) Mexico City, has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing city in the world A which B whose C that D A & B are corre 5) This is Henry, sister works for my father A who B whose C that D.All are correct 6) He’s the man people like at first sight A who B whom C that D A & C are correct 7) Could you iron the trousers are hanging up behind the door? A who B which C that D B & C are correct 8) Where is the girl sells tickets? A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct 9) The man we consider our leader had much experience in climbing mountains A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct 10) The artist name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen 11) 12 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) A who B whose C that D A & C are correct Frank invited Janet, he had met in Japan, to the party A who B whose C that D A & C are correct The girl _ design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive award A whose B whom C that D which I need to find a painting will match the rest of my room A whose B whom C who D which There are too many poor people not have enough to eat in the world A whose B whom C who D which The trees have the beautiful flowers grow near the gate of the garden A whose B whom C who D which The teacher teaches us French is coming today A whom B who C that D B & C are correct What’s the music to you are listening? A whose B which C that D B & C are correct I don’t like the stories have unhappy endings A who B which C that D B & C are correct The students don’t have library cards can’t borrow books from the library A who B whichC whomD A & C are correct Betty is the most intelligent girl I have ever met A who B whom C that D All are correct Do you know the music is being played on the radio? A who B which C that D B & C are correct This channel often shows the cartoons of the children are very fond A whom B which C that D B & C are correct The dress she bought last week doesn’t fit her well A whom B which C whose D B & C are correct Do you know a shop sells good coffee? A which B that C whose D A & B are correct The teacher punished the student was naughty A whom B who C which D A & B are correct She fell in love with a man was from another country A who B whom C which D whose I like to write to friends are living far away from me A who B whom C that D A & C are correct I bought some pencils are in different colours A whose B which C that D B & C are correct She ate an apple was still green A who B which C whose D whom This is my beloved school I studied when I was young A which B that C where D A & B are correct Here’s the paper you need A whom B that C who D whose The woman has been arrested lives in an apartment A that B which C whom D A & C are correct The teacher notices the students often come to class late A that B which C who D A & C are correct the 34) The house in I was born is for sale A which B whom C that D A & C are correct 35) That is the chair he used to sit on for meals A which B whose C that D A & C are correct 36) What is the picture you are looking at? A which B when C whose D A & C are correct 37) In the middle of the village, there is a well from the villagers take water to drink A that B which C whom D A & B are correct 38) There is a NO PARKING sign I did not take notice of A that B which C who D A & B are correct 39) I must thank the people I got the present from A who B whom C that D All are correct 4o) Do you know the doctor for I send? A whom B that C who D All are correct 41) The man about I was telling you is standing over there A who B that C whom D All are correct 42) The woman Ann must take care of is very poor and old A whom B that C who D All are correct 43) This is the man to I gave some money this morning A who B whom C that D All are correct 44) This is the result of our work I’m pleased with A that B whose C which D A & C are correct 45) The problem in we are very interested has been discussed in class A that B whom C which D A & C are correct 46) The boy you made fun of yesterday is my cousin A who B whom C that D All are correct 47)Ann, lives next door, is very friendly A who B whom C that D All are correct 48) We went to Sandra’s party, we enjoyed very much A which B whom C that D who 49) John, I have known for a very long time, is one of my closest friends A whose B whom C that D B & C are correct 50) Sheila, job involves a lot of travelling, is away from home a lot A whose B whom C that D which 51) This new stadium, can hold 90,000 people, will be opened next month A that B whose C which D A & B are correct 52) My brother, lives in Houston, is a doctor A who B whom C.that D A & B are correct 53) My office, is on the second floor, is small A whose B which C who .D A & B are correct 54) She told me her address I wrote down on a piece of paper A which B that C whose D A & B are correct 55) The sun, is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and light A which B that C who D A & B are correct 56) Tom made a number of suggestions, most of were very helpful A them B which C that D B & C are correct 57) Mary has three brothers, all of are married 60) The meeting ………I went was interesting A to which B which C that D B & C are correct 58) We were given a lot of information, most of was useless A which B it C that D All are correct 59) There were a lot of people at the party, only a few of I had met before A them B whom C who D B & C are correct 60) I sent her two letters, neither of she has received A that B these C which D whom 61) A café is a small restaurant people can get a light meal A where B which C that D All are correct 62) My room has a very large window you can see the whole lake A which B that C where D All are correct 63)Alaska, my brother lives, is the largest state in the United States A which B where C who D All are correct 64) This is the house we often stay the summer A where B which C that D All are correct 65) Do you remember the clock tower I first met you? A where B which C that D All are correct 66) Tell me the reason you were absent yesterday A where B when C why D that 67) Do you know the reason Laura doesn’t like me? A which B where C that D why 68) There was a time dinosaurs dominated the earth A which B when C that D A & B are correct 69) The house in I was born and grew up was destroyed in an earthquake ten years ago A which B where C that D All are correct 70) Summer is the time of the year the weather is the hottest A when B which C that D B & C are correct 71) The reason Jim has just lost his job is that he didn’t work hard enough A why B which C that D B & C are correct 72) They hid the money in a place it was safe from robbers A which B where C that D All are correct 73 ) Please tell me the reason for I should let you go A that B which C why D B & C are correct 74) I know a wood you can find wild strawberries A where B which C that D All are correct 75) Can you suggest a time at it will be convenient to meet? A which B when C why D that 76) Is there any reason for you should have a holiday? A why B which C that D A & B are correct 77) Tell me the countries the traffic moves on the left-hand side A where B which C that D A & B are correct 78) We keep our bread in the bridge it doesn’t go bad A since B so that C although D after 79) these cars are cheap, they last a long time A Because B In order that C Although D After 80) You should give the iron time to heat up you iron your clothes A because B so that C even though D before A Fill in the gap with: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, or WHOSE We talk about the party Sarah wants to organize for my birthday Don is a friend with I stayed in Australia Mrs Richmond, is 42 years old, does morning exercise every morning We cannot find the person car is blocking our driveway The film about they are talking is thrilling My uncle, you met yesterday, is a famous lawyer in the town The police are questioning the woman purse was stolen outside the supermarket The girl showed me the way to your house has a beautiful oval face The book I received on my birthday is informative 10 The company products have high quality is facing with financial problem B Combine the following pairs of sentences by using: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, or WHOSE I have some homework I must them tonight  _ Mrs Brooks is an experienced teacher I have great respect for her  _ I have seen several houses Most of them are quite unsuitable  _ I talked to a woman Her car had broken on the way to the party  _ The street is bad and narrow It leads to the my school  _ She lives in a city This city is one of the largest cities in Viet Nam  C Reduce the following relative pronouns by using : VING, V3/VED, or TO-V The couples who live in the house next door are both college professors  Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way  She is the only person who receives this scholarship  They refused to carry out the plan which was worked out by the city council  The people who were waiting for their children in the examination room looked nervous 10  My brother was the only man who realized the danger  A Fill in the gap with: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, or WHOSE Mark Twain is an author books I like best Where is the house in they are living? Her father she looked after over twenty years died last year I’ll give you the address you could write to The students names are printed on the board pass the final exam The man I sat next to on the train smoked all the time 7.The girl showed me the way to your house has a beautiful oval face The book I received on my birthday is informative 10 Don is a friend with I stayed in Australia B Combine the following pairs of sentences by using: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, or WHOSE John Smith is a farmer I bough his land last year  _ They are decorating the house The house has many white curtains  _ My grandfather enjoys hill walking He is in his seventies  _ The children are eager to learn You met them at the party last month  _ Graham took us to his office It was fill with books  _ The street is bad and narrow It leads to the my school  _ C Reduce the following relative pronouns by using : VING, V3/VED, or TO-V The man who teaches my son is my friend  _ The computers which are used here are very old  _ John was the last person who left the room  _ Do you know the woman who made a very interesting speech last night?  _ 11 They’ve just delivered the goods that were ordered last week  _ Mary was the second person who was rescued from the burning house  _ The girl is my cousin She chatted with you yesterday à………………………………………………….…………………………… The man is very kind He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen à………………………………………………….…………………………… The architect designed these flats He has moved to HCM City à………………………………………………….…………………………… The young boy is naughty He rides an expensive motorbike à………………………………………………….…………………………… I’m reading the book I bought it in 1996 à………………………………………………….…………………………… Do you know the man? He is sharing the flat with me à………………………………………………….…………………………… The young man is Ba’s brother He is talking to our teacher à………………………………………………….…………………………… We visited the monument It was built a hundred years ago à………………………………………………….…………………………… The boys are interested in the game It is a popular game all over the world à………………………………………………….…………………………… 10 You have no need to tell me the reason You are often late for work for that reason à………………………………………………….…………………………… 11 We visited the people They are homeless after the flood à………………………………………………….…………………………… 12 I don’t like the films They have unhappy ending à………………………………………………….…………………………… 13 I know the man His son broke your windows à………………………………………………….…………………………… 14 The girl is very kind Her parents work with me à………………………………………………….…………………………… 15 The village has around 200 people The majority of them are farmers à………………………………………………….…………………………… 16 She hasn’t eat anything This makes her parents worried à………………………………………………….…………………………… 17 The student is from China He sits next to me à………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 I thanked the woman This woman had helped me ………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 Mr Pike is excellent I am taking his course à………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 Shakespeare wrote plays People have enjoyed them for four centuries à………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 B REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES 1) Dùng phân từ: a) Dùng cụm V-ing : Dùng cho mệnh đề mang nghĩa chủ động Ex: a The man who is standing there is my brother b The man standing there is my brother b) Dùng cụm P.P: (V3/ V-ed) Dùng cho mệnh đề mang nghĩa bị động a I like books which were written by Nguyen Du b I like books written by Nguyen Du 2) Dùng cụm to inf: ( Noun/ Pronoun + to infinitive / to be + P.P ) -Dùng danh từ đứng trước có từ sau : ONLY, LAST, FIRST, SECOND Ex: This is the only student who can the problem (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động) This is the only student to the problem -Động từ HAVE Ex: I have something that I must now (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động) I have something to now -Câu bắt đầu bằng: HERE (BE), THERE (BE) Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today (động từ mang nghĩa bị động) There are six letters to be written today GHI NHỚ : Trong phần to inf cần nhớ điều sau: - Nếu chủ từ mệnh đề khác thêm cụm for sb trước to inf Ex: We have some picture books that children can read We have some picture books for children to read Tuy nhiên chủ từ đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như: we, you, everyone khơng cần ghi Ex: Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us ) to think about - Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ phải đem xuống cuối câu Ex: We have a peg on which we can hang our coat We have a peg to hang our coat on 3) Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ ) Dùng mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng: S + BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ Cách làm: -bỏ who ,which be Ex: a Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health Football, a popular sport, is very good for health Ex: b Do you like the book which is on the table? àDo you like the book on the table? PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI LOẠI RÚT GỌN: Bước : - Tìm xem mệnh đề tính từ nằm chổ Bước dễ mệnh đề tính từ thường bắt đầu WHO,WHICH,THAT Bước : Bước chủ yếu rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành cụm từ 13 Nhìn xem mệnh đề có cơng thức S + BE + CỤM DANH TỪ khơng ? Nếu có áp dụng cơng thức Nếu khơng có cơng thức xem tiếp trứoc who which có dấu hiệu first ,only v v khơng ,nếu có áp dụng công thức (to inf ) lưu ý thêm xem chủ từ có khác khơng ( để dùng for sb ) Nếu khơng có trừong hợp xét xem câu chủ động hay bị động mà dùng V-NG hay P.P EXERCISE 2: Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone that he could play with à………………………………………………………………………………………… I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with à………………………………………………………………………………………… I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in à………………………………………………………………………………………… The floor is dirty but I haven’t got a brush that I can sweep it with à………………………………………………………………………………………… My files are all over the place I wish I had a box that I could keep them in à………………………………………………………………………………………… She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to whom she could send cards à………………………………………………………………………………………… You are the last person who saw her alive à………………………………………………………………………………………… He simple loves parties He is always the first who comes and the last who goes à………………………………………………………………………………………… The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which had been built on the Clyde à………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 He was the second man who was killed in this way à………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon à………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Lady Astor was the first woman who took her seat in Parliament à………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Here are some accounts that you must check à………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss à………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 He was the man who was saved in the fire à………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Anyone who doesn’t want to take part in the meeting must inform the board à………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 The teacher who takes the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan à………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 .She’s just bought a handbag which was made of crocodile skin à………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 I met a man who had been working in this factory for a long time à………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 The story which was told by my grandma was interesting à………………………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISE 3: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER: That’s my friend, _ comes from Japan A which B who C whom D where 14 The plants which in the living room need a lot of water A are B be C is D was She’s the woman _ sister looks after the baby for us A who B which C that’s D whose That’s the doctor for Cliff works A that B which C whom D whose Marie, I met at the party, called me last night A that B whom C which D whose I remember Alice, rode the bus to school with A I B whom I C which I D who I used to enjoy the summer, we had a big family picnic A where B when C which D that Tell me about the city you grew up A that B where C which D ø Anna found the book that wanted at the bookshop A ø B where C she D which 10 Please remember to take back to the library all the books are due this week A ø B that C when D they 11 He likes the dress Huong is wearing it A He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it B He likes the dress Huong is wearing it C He likes the dress who Huong is wearing D He likes the dress Huong is wearing 12 Most of the classmates couldn't come He invited them to the birthday party A Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come B Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come C Most of the classmates that he invited them to the birthday party couldn't come D Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come 13 What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning A What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning? B What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning? C What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning? D What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning? 14 The church is over 500 years old Our class visited it last summer A The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old B The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old C The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old D The church our class visit last summer is over 500 years old 15 The song says about the love of two young stdents She is singing the song A The song which she is singing it says about the love of two young stdents B The song she is singing says about the love of two young stdents C The song says about the love of two young stdents which she is singing D The song says about the love of two young stdents that she is singing it ANSWER: EXERCISE 1: Combine each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun The girl who/that chatted with you yesterday is my cousin The man who/that spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen is very kind The architect who/that designed these flats has moved to HCM City 15 The young boy who/that rides an expensive motorbike is naughty I’m reading the book which/that I bought in 1996 Do you know the man who/that is sharing the flat with me? The young man who is talking to our teacher is Ba’s brother The monument which we visited was built a hundred years ago The game which/that the boys are interested in is a popular game all over the world 10 You have no need to tell me the reason why/ for which you are often late for work 11 The people who/that we visited are homeless after the flood 12 I don’t like the films which/that have unhappy ending 13 I know the man whose son broke your windows 14 The girl whose parents work with me is very kind 15 The village has around 200 people, the majority of whom are farmers 16 She hasn’t eat anything, which makes her parents worried 17 The student who/that sits next to me is from China 18 I thanked the woman who/that had helped me 19 Mr.Pike, whose course I am taking, is excellent 20 People have enjoyed plays which/that Shakespeare wrote for four centuries EXERCISE 2: Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone to play with I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything to open with I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden for him to play in The floor is dirty but I haven’t got a brush to sweep with My files are all over the place I wish I had a box to keep in She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to send cards to You are the last person to see her alive He simple loves parties He is always the first to come and the last to go The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship to be built on the Clyde 10 He was the second man to be killed in this way 11 Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon 12 Lady Astor was the first woman to take her seat in Parliament 13 Here are some accounts for you to check 14 People listening to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss 15 He was the man saved in the fire 16 Anyone not wanting to take part in the meeting must inform the board 17 The teacher taking the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan 18 .She’s just bought a handbag made of crocodile skin 19 I met a man working in this factory for a long time 20 The story told by my grandma was interesting 16 ... CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: có ba loại mệnh đề quan hệ 1 .Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định ( restrictive relative clause) -Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, phận quan trọng... yesterday, is my daughter 3 .Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp - Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp dùng để giải thích câu, trường hợp dùng đại từ quan hệ which dùng dấu phẩy để tách hai mệnh đề Mệnh đề đứng cuối câu Eg... đứng cuối mệnh đề quan hệ ta bỏ đại từ quan hệ dùng that thay cho whom which mệnh đề quan hệ xác định -Khi giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ ta có khơng thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ có khơng thể dùng that