THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE Thì Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn Form : Usage: – Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra và kéo dài một thời gian ở hiện tại đi kèm với các cụm từ chỉ thời gian như: Now
Trang 18) Comparison9) Relative Clauses10) Clauses and Phrases of Concession, Reason, Result11) Conjunctions
12) Modal verbs13) Prepositions and Articles: a, an, the14) Communicative Sentences
15) Phrasal verbs16) Some other sentence Structures17) Infinitive and Gerund
18) Tags questions19) Sentence Transformation20) Vocabulary
21) Practice tests for Units22) Đề thi các năm qua
Chúc các em đạt kết quả cao trong kỳ thi Tốt Nghiệp 2012 !
Trên con đường đi đến thành cơng khơng cĩ dấu chân của người lười biếng!
On the way to success there aren't no footprints of lazy people!
Trang 2- Diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên
Ex: The moon goes around the earth
I’m a Vietnamese
- Diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại
Ex: Mary often goes to school by bicycle
My father gets up early every morning
Lưu ý : * Nếu chủ ngữ là ngơi thứ BA số it ( She / HE / IT ),thêm “ ES” sau các động từ tận cùng là : CH, SH , O,
X ,S, Z
* Các trạng từ thường được dùng với thì hiện tại đơn :
often, usually, frequently: thường always, constantly: luôn luôn sometimes, occasionally: thỉnh thoảng seldom, rarely: ít khi , hiếm khi every day / week / month/ year…: mỗi ngày/ tuần/ tháng/ năm
2 THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (Thì Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn)
Form :
Usage:
– Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra và kéo dài một thời gian ở hiện tại ( đi kèm với các cụm từ chỉ thời gian
như: Now, Right Now, At The Moment, At Present, At This Time)
Ex: The children are playing football now
What are you doing at the moment ?– Thì HT Tiếp Diễn thường được dùng sau câu đề nghị, mệnh lệnh
Ex: Look ! The child is crying.
Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the next room.
– Diễn tả sự việc đang diễn ra trog tuần/tháng/ năm ( đi kèm với this week/ month/ summer/ year)
Ex: Hung is working at Rex Hotel this summer.
– Dùng để diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra (ở tương lai gần với các động từ chuyển động : go, come,
arrive, leave, return) hoặc các Trạng từ chỉ tương lai
Ex: He is coming tomorrow.
My parents are going to Hanoi next week
Lưu ý : Không dùng thì Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn với các động từ chỉ tri giác, nhận thức như:
To be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, feel, look, think, hate, love, realize, seem, smell, taste,
remember, forget, belong mà THAY BẰNG THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN
Ex: I am tired now.
She wants to go for a walk at the moment.
Do you understand the lesson ? Yes, I understand it now.
3 THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (Thì Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành)
Form :
Usage :
– Diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra: đi kèm với trạng từ : Just, Recently, Lately
Ex: My brother has just finished his homework
S + has / have + not + pp
S+ am / is/ are +
Am / Is / Are + s +
S+ am / is /are + not +
Trang 3
– Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn kéo dài đến hiện tại và có khả năng tiếp tục ở tương
lai ( đi với Since, For, So far, Up to now, Up to the present )
Ex: Mary has lived in this house since 1990 = Mary has lived in this house for ten years
Up to now, we have learned all the lessons in the book.
– Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ mà không biết rõ thời gian (đi kèm với Already)
Ex: The students have already finished their test
I have gone to Hanoi ( I don’t remember when I got there!)
– Diễn tả 1hành động được lập đi lập lại nhiều lần ở quá khứ (với many times, several times, the first time, the
second time …)
Ex: Daisy has read that novel several times
This is the second time I have seen this film.
– Diễn tả 1 hành động chưa bao giờ xảy ra ( với Never), chưa xảy ra ( Yet) hoặc đã từng xảy ra ( với Ever)
Ex: We have never been to Da lat
I have not finished the report yet.
– Thì HTHT cịn dùng sau câu so sánh nhất thường đi với Ever :
Ex: This is the most intertesing film I have ever seen
Lưu ý : Các trạng từ được dùng với thì HTHT chỉ được dùng với các câu đơn Đối với câu có 2 Mđề trở lên hoặc
đoạn văn thì Động từ phải được chia theo ngữ cảnh chứ không phụ thuộc vào các trạng từ này.
Ex : I have already done my homework
But : When I came , they had already shown the film.
4 THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (Thì Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn)
Form :
Usage:
– Dùng để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động bắt đầu xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại
Thường đi kèm với các từ Since (+ mốc thời gian) và For (+ Khoảng thời gian)
Ex: They have been living in this city for 25 years.
How long have you been waiting for her?
5 THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE (Thì Quá Khứ Đơn) ( TO BE )
Form :
Usage:
– Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, chấm dứt rồi và biết rõ thời gian
Các trạng từ hay gặp : yesterday, last week / month / year / spring, ago , IN + mốc thời gian ở quá khư
Ex: Tom went to Paris last summer.
My brother left this city two years ago.
My grandfather died in 1982.
Were they in hospital last month ?
He didn’t watch T.V last night.
6 THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (Thì Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn)
Form:
Usage:
– Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài một thời gian ở quá khứ:
Ex: Yesterday, Mr Nam was working in the laboratory all the afternoon.
What were you doing from 3p m to 6 p m yesterday?
– Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm ở quá khứ: ( A t + giờ trong quá khứ)
Ex: I was doing my homework at 4p m yesterday.
They were practising English at that time
S + V ed / V2
S + didn’t + V
S + has / have been + V.ing
Has / have + S + been + V.ing ?
S + has / have been + not + V.ing
S + was / were+
Was / were + s+ ?
S + was /were + not +
S + was / were + V.ing Was / Were + s + V.ing ?
S + was / were + not + V.ing.
Trang 4
– Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra ở quá khứ thì có một hành động khác xen vào( hành động dài hơn dùng thì
QK tiếp diễn, hàng động ngắn hơn dùng thì QK đơn)Ex: Yesterday, when I came to his house, he was preparing for the party.
While / As we were crossing the streets , the policeman shouted at us.
– Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hành động xảy ra song song cùng lúc ở quá khứ
Ex: Yesterday, while I was cooking, my sisters were washing the dishes
Lưu ý : Không dùng thì QK Tiếp Diễn với các động từ chỉ tri giác, nhận thức Thay vào đó ta phải dùng
thì Quá Khứ Đơn
Ex: I think that he was here last night.
7 THE PAST PERFECT TENSE( Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành):
Ex: 1 We had lived in Hue before 1975.
2 When I got up this morning, my father had already left.
3 After the children had finished their home work, they went to bed.
4 By the time we got to the station, the train had left.
5 It was the most difficult question that I had ever known.
8 THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE ( Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn ):
Form:
Usage :
Dùng để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục cuả một hành động quá khứ đã xảy ra và kéo dài cho đến một hành động trong quá khứ thứ hai xảy ra Thường thường khoảng thời gian kéo dài được nêu rõ trong câu
Ex: The men had been playing cards for 3 hours before I came.
They had been living in Lon don for 10 years when I met them.
9 THE SIMPLE FUTURE ( Thì Tương Lai Đơn )
Usage :
– Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai, đi kèm với trạng từ :Tomorrow, next week / month , soon
( chẳng bao lâu nữa ),some day ( một ngày nào đó )
Ex: He’ll come back here soon.
Next week, we’ll visit our grandparents.
– Diễn tả một hành động được quyết định ngay lúc nói, hoặc 1 lời hứa
Ex: Someone is knocking at the front door I shall answer it.
– Dùng để diễn tả một dự đoán mang tính chủ quan :
Ex: I think he will pass the exam
10 THE NEAR FUTURE ( Thì Tương Lai Gần )
S + will/ shall + not + V
S + am / is /are + going to + V
Am / Is /Are + S + going to + V ?
S + am / is /are + not + going to + V
Trang 5
– Dùng để diễn tả một hành động sắp sửa xảy ra trong tương lai hoặc một dự định sắp tới (đã lên kế hoạch)
Ex: Where are you going to spend your holiday this summer?
– Dùng để diễn tả một dự đoán có cơ sở
Ex: Look at these black clouds! It’s going to rain.
11 THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS ( Thì Tương Lai Tiếp Diễn )
Form:
Usage:
– Diễn tả một hành động sẽ diễn đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong tương lai.( at + thời điểm trong T.lai )
Ex: He will be doing research at this time tomorrow.
She will be living in this house in may next year.
12 THE FUTURE PERFECT (Thì Tương Lai Hoàn Thành )
Form:
Usage:
– Diễn tả một hành động sẽ hoàn tất trước một thời điểm cho trước trong tương lai, hoặc trước một hành động trong
tương lai.các trạng từ chỉ thời gian hay dùng:By + mốc th gian ở Tương Lai) ; By The Time ; By then
Ex: I’ll have finished my work by noon.
They’ll have built that house by July next year.
When you come back, she’ll have written this letter.
II ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME (MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN )
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian được bắt đầu với các liên từ chỉ thời gian:
When, Whenever, As soon as, Just as, While, As, Whereas, Before, After, Till, Until, Since, By the time, As long
as, so long as ( chừng nào mà) , Once ( khi mà, ngay khi,một khi ) ,the first / last / next time , the moment, every time…
Examples:
1 I work so hard that I am always tired
2 He never goes home before he has finished his work
3 When I was a child, I often went fishing with my father
4 It was raining when I got there
5 They arrived at the station after the train had left
6 Susan had worked as a nurse for 3 years before she got married
7 While Robert was watching the film on TV, I was doing my homework
8 I have lost contact with Joanna since she left here
9 By the time he retires, he will have saved US$ 20,000
10 I’ll help you with your homework as soon as I have done my own
Sự Phối Hợp Các Thì Trong Mệnh Đề Trạng Ngữ Chỉ Thời Gian
Notes :
1. Không dùng các thì Tương lai trong các mệnh đề trạng Ngữ chỉ thời gian
Thì Tương Lai Đơn => Thì Hiện Tại Đơn Tương Lai Hoàn Thành => Thì Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành Tương lai Tiếp Diễn => Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn
Ex: By the time you receive this letter, I will have left Japan
I’ll take the paper with me I’ll read while I am waiting for the bus
2 Thì hiện tại Hoàn Thành dùng trong Mệnh đề Trạng Ngữ , để nhấn mạnh sự Hoàn tất của hành động Ex: I will start a job in sales as soon as I finish / have finished college
3. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ với SINCE: V chia ở thì Qúa khứ đơn, Mệnh đề chính: V chia thì HT Hoàn thành
hoặc HT Hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Mệnh đề chính ( Main Clause) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ ( Adverbial clause)
1 Các Thì Hiện tại (Present Tenses) Các Thì Hiện tại (Present Tenses)
2 Các Thì Quá khứ (Past Tenses ) Các Thì Quá khứ (Past Tenses )
3.Các Thì Tương lai ( Future Tenses ) Các Thì Hiện tại (Present tenses)
S + will / shall + be + V.ing Will / Shall + S + be + V.ing ?
S + will / shall + not + be + V.ing
S + will / shall + have + pp Will / Shall + S + have + pp ?
S + will / shall + not + have + pp
S + has / have + pp + SINCE + S + V ed / V 2
has / have been + V.ing ( nhấn mạnh sự kéo dài của hành động tới hiện tại)
Trang 6
Ex: Davis hasn’t been able to work since he broke his leg.
He has been studying English since he came here.
4. Mênh đề Với While: Động từ luôn chia ở hình thức tiếp diễn Ngoại trừ các động từ chỉ tri giác, nhân thức :
be , understand, know, want, belong, love, hate, remember…
Ex: While we were in the meeting room, we heard a big noise outside.
Excerise 1 : Choose the correct answer
1) What _at the moment?
A do you do B did you do C have you done D are you doing
2) The River Amazon into the Atlantic Ocean
A flows B flow C is flowing D flowed
3) He _ in London from 1970 to 1973
A lives B had lived C has lived D lived
4) Marilyn Monroe _in 1962
A died B dies C is dying D had died
5) I was driving along the road when suddenly a child _across the road
A run B runs C ran D.was running
6) I six kilometers so far this morning
A walk B walked C am walking D have walked
7) I _i nterested in jazz since I left school
A have been B was C am D had been
8) The earth _ round the sun
A go B went C is going D goes
9) They a new house in this corner of the street right now
A are building B have been building C were building D build
10) She says Titanic is the best film she
A had seen B saw C has ever seen D will see
11) By the time you finish your twelfth grade this summer, I _ from my university
A will graduate B will be graduating C have graduated D will have graduated
12) I the book before my next birthday
A will finish B am going to finish C will have finished D finish
13) She a headache for several hours
A has B had C has had D is having
14) Do you think it tomorrow?
A rains B is raining C rained D will rain
15) By the time I got to Lucy’s house, she _already _ for work
A.had ……left B.has……left C.left D.is……leaving
16) This s the first time , I Japanese food
17) I _ the money from him yet
A haven’t received B don’t receive C will receive D am receiving
18) Up to the present, Nam _ good work in his class
19) When my father next month, he will have been teaching for 40 years
A retires B will retire C is going to retire D is retiring
20) He said that he _ a lot of money on advertising to expand his business
21) The train when we got to the station
A just left B just leaves C had just left D will leave
22) Tom told me he _ call me at the airport when I
A would/ arrived B will/ arrive C will have/ arriving D would be/ arriving
23) He hasn’t stopped eating since he _
A.hadn’t come B came C comes D has come
24) At this time tomorrow, we _ our final exam
A will have taking B will be taking C will be taken D would take
25) - before? – Yes, I _ my holidays here last year
A Have you ever been here / spent B Have you ever been here / spend
C Did you ever be here / spending D Were you ever here / spend
26) _ I was working in the garden, John was repairing the washing machine
Trang 7
27) Peter said he a test the following day
28) After she _ at the hospital for 2 years, she _ to give up the job yesterday
A had been working/ decides B had been working/ decided
C working / had decided D is working/ will decide
29) Tom _ before we arrived there
30) Jane _ her house all the morning before the guest arrived
A is cleaning B was cleaning C has been cleaning D had been cleaning
31) _, I will give him the report
A When he will return B When he returns C Until he will return D No sooner he returns
32) _ the firemen arrived to help, we had already put out the fire
33) I have earned my own living _ I was seven
34) We saw many beautiful birds _ in the lake
A when we were fishing B while fishing C while we are fishing D fishing
35) _ in Rome than he was kidnapped
A No sooner he arrived B Had he no sooner arrived
C No sooner had he arrived D No sooner he had arrived
Exercise 2:
1 Last year, my son was lost among the crowd when we are going shopping.
2 Almost 300 million people visited America’s national parks every year.
3 They have studied English before they went to London.
4 They has got married for 30 years by the end of this month.
5 They will help you whenever you will ask them.
6 After Mrs Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner
7 Did you say that you will have a lot of things to do the following week?
8 When we arrived at the station, the train has already left.
9 Did your doctor recommend you that you will stop smoking?
10.Up to now, there had been no woman being chosen the US president.
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer:
1 I have never seen such beautiful pictures before
A These pictures are the most beautiful I have never seen.B These pictures are the most beautiful I have ever seen
C This is the first time I see beautiful pictures.D This is the first time I have seen beautiful pictures
2 Jack has stopped writing letters to Jill
A Jack has no longer stopped writing letters to Jill B Jack used to write letters to Jill
C Jack has never written letters to Jill D Jack stopped writing letters to Jill when Jill come
3 Mary has been working in this company for five years
A Mary began to work in this company for five years B Mary began working in this company for five years ago
C Mary began to work in this company five years ago.D Mary has begun to work in this company five years ago
4 I have never eaten this kind of food before
A I used to eat this kind of food before B Before I came here I had ever eaten this kind of food
C This is the first time I have ever eaten this kind of food.D This is the most delicious food I have ever eaten
5 She last saw him years ago
A She hasn’t seen him years ago B She hasn’t seen him for years ago
C She didn’t see him for years D It’s years since she last saw him
6 It’s ages since I last saw a Hollywood film
A It’s ages because I last saw a Hollywood film B I haven’t seen any Hollywood film before
C I saw a last Hollywood film since ages ago.D I haven’t seen a Hollywood film for a long time
7 He hasn’t smoked a cigarette for a week
A It is for a week that he hasn’t smoked a cigarette B It is a week since he last smoked a cigarette
C It is a cigarette that he smoked a week ago D It is a week ago that he smoked a cigarette
8 It started to rain at 2 o’clock and it is still raining
A It has been raining at 2 o’clock
B It has been raining since 2 o’clock
C It has been raining for 2 o’clock
D It has been raining in 2 o’clock
9 They had finished their tea and then they left
Trang 8
A They finished their tea after they had left B After they had left, they finished their tea
C They had left before they finished their tea D After they had finished their tea, they left
10 John began playing the piano 10 years ago
A John played the piano 10 years ago B John has played the piano for 10 years
C John used to play the piano 10 years ago D John doesn’t play the piano anymore
III THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE ENDING ‘S” AND “ ED” ( cách đọc ‘S’ và “ ED”
A The Pronunciation of the ending ‘s” (Cách phát âm các từ tận cùng với “ s”)
1 “ es” được phát âm là /iz /khi đi sau các âm : / t∫, s, ∫ , z, ʒ , dʒ, /
Ex: kisses, oranges, watches, wishes , bridges, buses,
2 “ s” được phát âm là /s /khi đi sau các âm vô thanh: / k, f, p, t, ⊖, h /
Ex: books, beliefs , laughs, keeps, cups, bats , dates, baths ,
3.“ s” được phát âm là /z /khi đi sau các âm hữu thanh còn lại : /d, b, g ,v, m, n, l, r, j, w + o, a, I, u, e/
Ex: bags , kids, days, plays, lessons, dreams, hills, songs, answers
B The Pronunciation of the ending “ ed” (Cách phát âm các từ tận cùng với “ ed”)
1 “ ed” được phát âm la ø/ id / , khi đi sau các âm / t , d /
Ex: mended, needed, wanted, protected, decided, ended, invited,
2 “ed” được phát âm là / t / , khi đi sau các âm vô thanh trừ t / k, f, p, h, s , ∫ , t∫ /
Ex: walked, laughed ,jumped, missed, washed , watched
3 “ ed” được phát âm la ø/ d / , khi đi sau các âm hữu thanh còn lại trừ d / b, g ,v, ʒ , dʒ , z, m, n, l, r, j, w/
Ex: explained, arrived, cleaned, tried, failed, played, used,
Lưu ý: Cách phát âm do dựa vào phiên âm của âm cuối cùng của từ chứ khơng phụ thuộc vào cách viết
Exercise 1 : Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently form the others
Exercise 2: Phonetics
IV STRESS :Cách đánh trọng âm
1 Dấu nhấn trong từ có 2 âm tiết thường nằm ở: + vần thứ 2 đối với động từ.
+ vần thứ 1 đối với danh từ hoặc tính từ.
a Đối với V, ADJ, ADV, PREP: nếu âm tiết thứ 2 chứa nguyêm âm dài hoặc nguyên âm kép ( Trừ ou) hoặc kết thúc
với 2 hay nhiều phụ âm thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 Ngược lại nếu âm tiết thứ 2 chứa nguyên âm ngắn hoặc nguyên
âm kép ( ou) hoặc kết thúc bằng 1 phụ âm thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu
Ex: arrive, attract, correct , perfect, alone, inside,
open, borrow, lovely, sorry, rather
b Đối với NOUN : nếu âm tiết thứ 2 cĩ chứa nguyên âm ngắn thị trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu Ngược lại nếu âm tiết thứ
2 chứa nguy6en âm dài hoặc nguyên âm kép thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2
Ex: money, product, balloon, design,
Notes: Đối với những từ tận cùng là đuôi: en, er, on ……… và một số từ không nằm trong quy luật này nên cách phát âm những từ này phải dựa vào từ điển để phát âm cho chính xác.
2 Dấu nhấn trong từ có hơn 2 âm tiết thường được phát âm dựa trên những quy luật sau:
a Dấu nhấn thường nằm ở vần trước -ion, -ial, -ical, -ity, -itive, -itant, -ic(s), -ous, -ual
Trang 9
Ex : mathematical, magic , protection,economics, active,
b Đối với những từ tận cùng là: -fy, -ate, -ize… Dấu nhấn sẽ nằm ở vần thứ 3 đếm từ dưới lên :
Ex: delicate, simplify, minimize…
c Dấu nhấn thường nằm ở chính những vần -oon, - ese, -ee, - eer , -oo …… :
Ex: bamboo, afternoon , Vietnamese, engineer, vonlunteer
d Danh từ kép có dấu nhấn nằm ở từ đứng trước :
Ex: bookshop, welfare ,
Lưu ý: Dấu nhấn luơn nằm ở từ gốc:
Ex: depend -> dependent-> independent
care -> careful -> carefully-> carelessly
V REPORTED SPEECH ( CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT )
Study these examples:
1 Lan said “I went to work by bus this morning”
Lans said ( that) she had gone to work by bus that morning.
2 My father said to me, “ Did you do the housework?”
My father asked me if I had done the housework.
2 The teacher asked us, “When will you have the picnic? “
The teacher asked us when we would have the picnic.
Nguyên tắc :
1 Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại hoàn thành, tương lai đơn thì không đổi thì của động từ trong câu nói Trực tiếp (TT) cũng ko đổi trạng từ chỉ đổi ngôi, tính từ sở hữu của câu nói TT
+ Ngôi 1 ( I, we) đ đổi cùng ngôi với chủ ngữ.
+ Ngôi 2 ( you, they) đổi cùng ngôi với tân ngữ.
+ Ngôi 3 ( It, she, he) khơng đổi => giữ nguyên Ex: He says: “We will have the final test next month”
→ He says they will have the final test next month
2 Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì Quá khứ đơn: ta đổi ngôi, thì và trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn trong câu nĩi trực tiếp
+ thay đổi về thì:
+) Thay đổi về trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
2 this / these ==> that / those
7 yesterday ==> the day before / the previous day
8 last night /week /month… ==> the night / week / month before OR the previous night/week/
9 tomorrow ==> the following day / the next day
10 next week / month… ==> the following week / month…
+ thay đổi động từ tường thuật cho phù hợp với từng loại câu:
Cơng thức đổi các loại câu:
1 Câu Phát biểu
S + V + (O), “S + V + ………” ==> S + V + (O) + ( that ) + S + V +…
1 Hiện tại đơn
2 Hiện tại tiếp diễn
3 Hiện tại hồn thành ( tiếp diễn)
4 Quá khứ đơn
5 Qúa khứ tiếp diễn
6 Tương lai đơn ( will / shall + V)
7 Câu ĐK loại 1
8 Câu ĐK loại 2, 3
9 Can + V
→ Quá khứ đơn
→ Qúa khứ tiếp diễn
→ Quá khứ hồn thành ( tiếp diễn)
Trang 10S + V + TO-V
said / told ( S: đổi, V: lùi thì )
Ex1: Lan says, “I often help my mother with cooking the dinner
=> Lan
Ex2: My father said to me, “ I want you to become a doctor”
=> My father _
2 Câu hỏi
a Yes / No questions: V : ask+ O , wonder , inquire, want to know
a.1 S + V + O, “Be + S + ……?” ==> S + V + O + if / whether + S + be +……
a.2 S + V + O, “Do / Does / Did + S + V?” ==> S + V + O + if / whether + S + V +…
a.3 S + V + O, “Have / Has / Had + S + p.p?” ==> S + V + O + if / whether + S + have / has / had+pp
b.3 S + V + O, “Wh- + have / has / had + S + p.p?” => S + V + O + Wh- + S + have / has / had + pp
Ex b.1: My mother asked me, “What are you doing?”
=> My mother
Ex b.2: Tom asked Marry, “Where did you go yesterday?”
=> Tom
Ex b.3: She said to me, “ How long have you learnt English?”
=> She wanted to know
Exercise : Change the following sentences into Reported Speech
1 My mother said to me, “ I visited your grandmother yesterday”
3 Tường thuật vời Động từ Nguyên mẫu
Ex: “Would you like to go to drink coffee with me?”, Minh said to Mai.
Minh invited Mai to go to drink coffee with him.
‘ S + V + (O) + TO + V NOT + TO + V
S + V + O + TO-V
Trang 11
1 S + ask / tell + O + to-V : bảo ai làm gì S + refuse + to-V : từ chối làm gì
2 S + order + O + to-V : ra lệnh cho ai làm gì S + agree + to-V : đồng ý làm gì
3 S + advise + O + to-V: :khuyên ai nên làm gì S + promise + to-V : hứa làm gì
4 S + invite + O + to-V : mời ai làm gì S + offer + to-V : đề nghị làm gì
5 S + remind + O + to-V : nhắc nhở ai làm gì S + threaten + to-V : đe dọa làm gì
6 S + want + O + to-V : muốn ai làm gì S + hope + to-V : hy vọng …
7 S + allow + O + to-V : cho phép ai làm gì S + volunteer + to-V : tình nguyện làm gì
8 S + beg + O + to-V : van xin / nài nỉ ai làm gì
9 S + persuade +O + to-V: thuyết phục ai làm gì
10 S + encourage+ O + to-V : khuyến khích ai làm gì
11 S + warn + O + not + to-V : cảnh báo ai không được làm gì
4 Tường thuật vời danh động từ
Ex: “I’m sorry I’m late”, Tommy said to the teacher.
===> Tommy apologised for being late.
1 Diễn tả sự xin lỗi: S + apologize (to + O) + for + V-ing
2 Diễn tả sự cảm ơn: S + thank + O + for + V-ing
3 Diễn tả sự ngăn cấm, ngăn chặn: S + prevent / stop + O + from + V-ing
4 Diễn tả lời chúc mừng: S + congratulate + O + on + V-ing
5 Diễn tả lời buộc tội: S + accuse + O + of + V-ing
7 Diễn tả sự mong đợi: S + look forward to + V-ing
8 Diễn tả sự khăng khăng làm gì S + in sist on + V ing
9 Diễn tả lời đề nghị: S + suggest + V-ing
10 Diễn tả lời thú nhận/ thua nhận: S + admit + V-ing
11 Diễn tả sự phủ nhận: S + deny + V-ing
Exercise 1: Report what was said, using a to-infinitive or an- ing form of a verb.
1. He said to me : “ Open the door, please!”
He
2. “Don’t make noise in the class” The monitor said to us
The monitor asked _
3. 'You'd better look for a new job, Andrew.”
A.where do you come from? B.where I came from C.where I come from D.where did I come from?
2 She asked me _ I liked pop music
3 I wanted to know _ return home
4 I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it _ raining there
5 Peter said he was leaving for Paris
S + V + (O) + (prep.) + (NOT) + V-ing
Trang 12
A next week B the week previous C following week D the following week
6 “I don’t usually drink milk when ” Mrs Pike said
A she was hungry B I was hungry C I am hungry D I will be hungry
7 They said that their house had been broken into
A the two days before B since two days C two days before D two days ago
8 She advised me _ an apple everyday to stay healthy
9 “ Why hasn’t Minh phoned? ” she wondered
A She wondered why Minh hasn’t phoned B She wondered why Minh didn’t phone
C She wondered why Minh hadn’t phoned D She wondered why hadn’t Minh phoned
10 “Could you tell me how to get to the airport?”
A He asked me how to get to the airpor B He said if I could tell him the airport
C He told me how to get to the airport D He asked me to tell how to get to the airport
11 “If I were you, I would go to the doctor.” Minh said to Lan
A Minh told Lan to become a doctor B Minh advised Lan to go to the doctor
C Minh told Lan that he would to go to the doctor D.Minh advised Lan not to go to the doctor
12 Sarah said, “ My father takes me to school every day.”
A Sarah said her father took her to school every day
B Sarah said her father takes her to school every day
C Sarah said my father took her to school every day
D Sarah said her father takes me to school every day
13 Mum asked me, “Have you seen my wallet?”
A Mum asked me had I seen her wallet B Mum asked me if I had seen her wallet
C Mum asked me if I saw my wallet D Mum asked if you had seen my wallet
14 He asked me, “Who has cleaned the pool?”
A He asked me to clean the pool B He asked me who cleaned the pool
C He asked me if who cleaned the pool D He asked me who had cleaned the pool
15 He said to her, “Give up smoking!”
A He told her to give up smoking B He told her not to give up smoking
C He told her if she gave up smoking D He told her to giving up smoke
16 His wife said to him: “Write to me as often as you can”
A His wife told him to write to her as often as you can B His wife told him to write to her as often as he could
C His wife told him write to her as often as he could D His wife told him to write to her as often as he can
17 “What were you doing last night, Mr John?” asked the police
A The police asked what were you doing last night, Mr John
B The police asked Mr John what he had been doing the night before
C The police asked Mr John what he had been done the night before
D The police asked Mr John what had he been done the night before
18 ‘‘I would like a cup of coffee, please,’’ Mrs Pike said to the waiter
A Mrs Pike ordered the waiter to bring a cup of coffee B Mrs Pike advised the waiter to bring a cup of coffee
C Mrs Pike warned the waiter not to bring a cup of coffee D Mrs Pike invited the waiter to bring a cup of coffee
19 He said that he _me the book soon
A Cindy said she hasn’t seen John since last month
B Cindy said she hadn’t seen John since the previous month
C Cindy said she wasn’t seen John since the previous month
D Cindy said she hasn’t seen John since the previous month
VI PASSIVE VOICE : ( CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG)
Cách đổi từ một câu chủ động sang một câu bị động
S be + p.p (adv place ) by + O (adv time) The kid is kissed by Tom
Trang 13
The goods were delivered ( by them) yesterday.
Hình thức bị động của một số thì trong tiếng Anh
TENSES
OF THE VERB
1 Present simple S + am / is / are + p.p + by + O 1 English is spoken in England.
2 Present progressive S + am / is / are + being + p.p 2 The dinner is being cooked by my sister.
3 Present perfect S + have/has + been + p.p+ by + O 3 The school has been built since 1990.
4 Past simple S + were / was + p.p + by + O 4 I was invited to Minh’s birthday party.
5 Past progressive S + were/was + being + p.p + by O 5 The letter was being written at 8:00 yesterday.
6 Past perfect S + had + been + p.p + by + O 6 The floor had been cleaned before John went out
7 Simple future S + will / shall + be + p.p + by + O 7 A new house will be built next to my house.
8 Near future S + am / is / are + going to be + p.p 8 The test is going to be done next Friday.
9 Modal verbs S + can / could / must … + be + p.p 9 The workbook can be opened.
Câu bị động với câu trúc câu tường thuật:
People / They + V 0 + (that) + S 1 + V 1 (V 0: say, believe, know, understand, think, consider, expect…)
Cách 1: It + be + p.p + (that) + S 1 + V 1 (be + p.p => do thì của V 0 chi phối)
Cách 2: S 1 + be + p.p + to V 1 (Khi V 1 và V 0 cùng thì)
S 1 + be + p.p + to have + p.p (of V 1 ) (Khi V 1 xảy ra trước V 0 )
S 1 + be + p.p + to be + V-ing (of V 1 ) (Khi V 1 ở thì tiếp diễn)
Ex1: People said that Lan worked in a famous company.
=> It was said that Lan worked in a famous company
=> Lan was said to work in a famous company.
Ex 2: People said that Mr Brown had traveled around the world.
=> Mr Brown was said to have traveled around the world.
Cấu trúc bị động cuả động từ “NEED”:
S + need + to be + p.p => The watch needs to be repaired.
V-ing => The watch needs repairing.
Cấu trúc bị động thể truyền khiến:
S + have + S.O + V + s.th
S + get + S.O + to V + s.th
S + get / have + s.th + p.p + by + s.o
Exercise 1 : Make the right choice for the following sentences
1 The room is being _ at the moment
2 There’s somebody behind us I think we are _
3 It _ that many people are homeless after the earthquake in Japan
4 He is said _ this building when he was just 25
5 The boy by the teacher yesterday
A had been punished B is punished C was being punished D was punished
6 “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already ,sir They’re on your desk.”
7 Her watch needs
8 Somebody cleans the room everyday
A The room everyday is cleaned B The room is every day cleaned
C The room is cleaned everyday D The room is cleaned by somebody everyday
9 People don’t use this road very often
A This road is not used very often B Not very often this road is not used
C This road very often is not used D This road not very often is used
10 They may use this room for the classroom
A This room may use for the classroom B The classroom may be used for this room
C They may be used for the classroom D This room may be used for the classroom
11 The old man treated the little boy badly
A The little boy was treated by the old man badly B The little boy was badly treated by the old man
C The little boy badly was treated by the old man D The little boy was treated badly by the old man
Trang 14
12 Tom bought that book yesterday
A That book was bought yesterday by Tom B That book was bought by Tom yesterday
C That book yesterday was bought by Tom D That book was bought yesterday
13 They cancelled all flights because of fog
A All flights because of fog were cancelled B All flights were cancelled because of fog
C All flights were because of fog cancelled D All flights were cancelled by them because of fog
14 We found that they had cancelled the game
A We found that the game had been cancelled B The game had been cancelled
C We found that the game had been cancelled by them D The game were found to be cancelled
15 I didn’t realize that somebody was recording our conversation
A I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded
B I didn’t realize that our conversation was being recorded
C I didn’t realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone
D Our conversation wasn’t realized to be recorded
VII CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ( CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
Loại 1: Điều kiện cĩ thật, cĩ thể xảy ra ở
hiện tại hoặc tương lai S+ V/ V s/ es , S+ will / can / may / must +V
Loại 2: Điều kiện khơng thật ở hiên tại
hoặc khơng thể xảy ra ở TL S + V (were) ed / V2 , S + would / could +V
Loại 3: Điều kiện khơng thật ở quá khứ S + had + pp , S + would/ could + have + pp
** Các hình thức khác của mệnh đề IF:
1 Unless: =If… not : trừ phi, nếu khơng (Mệnh đề Unless : động từ luơn chia ở thể khẳng định)
Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam (= If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam)
2 Should cĩ thể dùng cho WILL trong mệnh đề chính ( câu loại 1)
If you visit oxford, you should see some interesting old buildings.
3 Đảo ngữ: bỏ IF ( chỉ dung cho loại 2 với “Were” và loại 3 với “Had”)
1 If I were rich, I would buy that villa.
= Were I rich, I would buy that villa.
2 If they had asked me, I could have given them some advice.
Had they asked me, I could have given them some advice.
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer for the following sentences.
1 Mary broke her arm in the accident It much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt
2 _ enough money, we would have traveled by air.
3 Would you mind if you suddenly _ half a million pounds?
4 If I had money now, I _ a car
5 It would have been a much more accident if she _ fast at the time
6 If I had been absent from class yesterday, I the math test
7 If I _ a big price in a lottery, I ‘d give up my job
8 Had I had some more money, I _ that book
A Would buy B will buy C would have bought D all are correct
9 If I a millionaire, I a modern villa near the beach
A am/ will buy B was/ would buy C was/ would have bought D were/ would buy
10 We did not visit the church because we had no time
A If we have time, we will visit the church B If we had time, we would visit the church
C If we had had time, we would have visited the church D.If we had had time, we will visit the church
VIII WISH CLAUSES : Mệnh Đề À Mong ước WISH VÀ IF ONLY( giá mà/ giá như)
Trang 15
Exercise : Choose the best answer for each sentence
1 She wishes she a letter to her father yesterday
2 I wish the children make so much noise I’m trying to do the homework
3 She wishes her father here now to help her
4 I wish they _ us when they were in town
5 My uncle wishes he time when he was young
6 We wish we all the teacher’s explanation yesterday
A understood B had understood C have understood D would understand
7 I wish I my telephone number to him
8 I don’t have any money I wish I some moneyto buy a new bike
9 I wish that some day I _ able to marry her
10 I’m sorry I missed your birthday party I wish I _ your birthday party
IX COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS ( SO SÁNH TRG TỪ VÀ TÍNH TỪ)
1 SO SÁNH HƠN (COMPARATIVE FORM )
A Short Adjective or Adverb (Tính từ/ Trạng từ Ngắn ) :
Ex: Your hair is shorter than my hair
Women often work harder than men
B Long Adjective or Adverb ( Tính từ/ Trạng từ Dài):
Ex: The exam was more difficult than we expected
Jane speaks Spanish more fluently than Martin
Lưu ý: ( V*: seem, look, find, feel, become, get, taste, smell … )
1.Một số tính từ tận cùng là “y, er, ow, le, et, ” được xem như tính từ ngắn :
heavy, early, happy, easy, busy,lucky, pretty, lazy, healthy, wealthy , clever, narrow, shallow, simple, quiet
2 Một số tính từ 2 âm tiết có thể dùng cả hai hình thức so sánh ( tt ngắn và tt dài): clever, common, narrow, polite, quiet, simple, stupid, cruel, pleasant
Ex: It’s too noisy here Can we go somewhere quieter/ more quiet?
3 Một số tính từ có cùng hình thức với trạng từ: fast, hard,
It is a hard work.
4 Hardly ( adv) : hầu như khơng
Ex: We can hardly recognize him because he has changed so much
5 Một số tính từ và trạng từ bất qui tắc : có hình thức so sánh hơn và nhất ko theo quy luật
Adj/ Adv SS Hơn SS Nhất
good/ well better the best
far father/ further the farthest/ furthest
6 So sánh hơn được nhấn mạnh bằng cách thêm: MUCH, FAR trước hình thức so sánh
Ex: Harry’s watch is much / far more expensive than my watch.
7 A lot, a little, a bit, rather, slightly cũng được dùng trước dạng so sánh :
S + wish + (that)
If only
Future Wish ( mong ước ở Tương lai S + Would + V + Could ( khả năng) Present Wish
( mong ước ở Hiện Tại ) S + V + Could + V ( khả năng) 2 / V ed / were Past Wish
( mong ước ở Quá khứù) S + Past perfect ( had+ pp) + Could + have + pp ( khả năng)
S + be / V* + ( short) ADJ + ER + THAN + Noun / Pronoun/ Clause
V + (short ) ADV + ER + THAN + Noun / Pronoun/ Clause
S + be/ V* + MORE ADJ + THAN + Noun / Pronoun/ Clause + V + MORE ADV + THAN + Noun / Pronoun/ Clause
Trang 16
Ex: I got up a little later than usual./ I feel a lot better today
2 SO SÁNH KÉP (DOUBLE COMPARISON)
A So Sánh hơn kép: ( Càng ngày càng …) : diễn đạt sự tăng dần
a Short Adjective /Adverb : (Tính từ / Trạng Từ Ngắn)
Ex: It’s becoming harder and harder to find a job
b Long Adjective /Adverb:( Tính từ / Trạng Từ Dài)
Ex: We’re going more and more slowly.
Note: Less and Less : diễn tả sự giảõm dần
Ex: He played the piano less and less as he grew older
B So Sánh liên kết : ( càng… càng): diễn tả sự cùng thay đổi về mức độ hoặc sốà lượng
Ex: The warmer the weather gets, the better I feel
The more I got to know him, the less I liked him
Note : 1 More co thể dung với Noun
Ex: The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be
2 Dạng rút gọn của cấu trúc này: The + comparative + the better
Ex: The more the merrier / The sooner the better
3 SO SÁNH BẰNG:( POSITIVE FORM )
1 So sánh bằng:
Ex: My house is as large as your house
She dances as beautifully as she sings
2 So sánh không bằng:
Ex: This exercise is not as / so difficult as that one
Hung does not write as / so carefully as Lan
4 SO SÁNH NHẤT: ( SUPERLATIVE FORM)
A Tính từ/ Trạng từ Ngắn:
Ex: Hoa is the hardest pupil in my class
Hung is the best runner in our class
B Tính từ/ Trạng từ Dài:
Ex: My Thuan is the most beautiful bridge in our country
Mai speaks English the most fluently in our school
Exercise:
1. Paris is _ exciting London
2 The weather is this week than last week
3 John doesn’t work his brother
4 He drives as his father does
A careful as B more carefully C the most careful D carefully as
5 The more you full on it _ it gets
A the tightest B the tighter C the most tighter D the more tighter
6 Cuba is _ sugar growing areas in the world
A one of the largest B one of the larger C one of largest D largest
7 The more waste paper we recycle, _
A the more trees we preserve B the less trees we preserve
C the most trees we preserve D the least trees we preserve
8 He is getting
The + Comparative + ( N ) + S + V , The + Comparative + ( N ) + S + V
S + V + short Adj / Adv + Er + and + ADJ / ADV + Er
S + V More And More + long ADJ / ADV
S + V + AS + ADJ / ADV + AS + Noun / Pronoun
V ADV
S + be + not + SO / AS + ADJ + AS + Noun / Pronoun
S + do / does / did + not + V + SO / AS + ADV + AS + Noun / Pronoun
S + be / V + THE ADJ / ADV + EST + in / on/ of…
S + be / V + THE MOST ADJ / ADV + in / on /of…
Trang 17
A.fat and fatter B fatter and fatter C fatter and fattest D fattest and fatter
9 “We produce more food It gets cheap ”means _
A the more food we produce, the cheaper it gets B the most food we produce, the cheapest it gets
C the least food we produce, the less cheap it gets D most food we produce, cheapest it gets
10 Mr Brown cannot earn _ his wife
A as many money as B as much money as C as many money than D as much money than
11 it is, he tries
C The more difficult/ the harder D The more difficult/ more harder
12 we finish the project, _ we can start the next one
X RELATIVE CLAUSES: ( Mệnh Đề Liên Hệ)
Make the right choice for the following sentences
1 He failed to pass the exam last year, _ made his parents very sad
2 Norah Jones, _ music is loved by many jazz fans, grew up in Texas
3 The man is a biologist _ father is a botanist
4 We have a lot of things that we have to do today
5 The young man who lives next door is very kind to my family
6 Dien Bien Phu is a place _our army won a resounding victory in 1954
7 This school is often for children _ first language is not English
8 The guest on our program will be the youngest _ the quiz
9 The girl near the door is my new friend
A who is standing B standing C that is standing D all are correct
10 The man is smiling at you Do you know him?
A Do you know the man who is smiling at you? C The man who do you know is smiling at you
B The man is smiling at you who do you know? D The man who do you know him is smiling at you
11 I like the food _ by my mother
12 _ who was elected the first woman mayor of Chicago in 1979
A It was Jane Byrne B Jane Byrne C That Jane Byrne D When Jane Byrne
13 _ I bought the golden fish
A It was from this shop that B It is from this shop that
C It was from this shop where D It was this shop that
14 There are over 50 guests _ to the party, all of whom are students
15 Scientists _ part in the research come from the USA
Exercise 2 : Find the mistake in these sentences
1 The artist whom pictures we saw yesterday is also a concert pianist.
2 Since last Monday, I didn’t meet Mr Hai, who is our form teacher
3 New York is the largest city where I have ever visited.
4 The time which we will have another discussion should be appointed as soon as possible.
5 Do you know the boy whose bicycle was stole last night?
6 Mr Hung, to that we complained, apologized for the mistake.
7 The Thames, when I spent my childhood, is always in my mind.
8 The teacher whom was respected by all his students teaches English.
9 John found a cat which leg was broken.
10 He is the man who his novel won the first prize last year
XI CLAUSES : CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ
1 CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONSESSION ( Mênh Đề Chỉ sự Tương phản)
1.1 Mệnh đề Tương phản: Though/ Although
Even though ( nhấn mạnh) S + V , S + V
Trang 18
In spite of the fact that Despite the fact that 1.2 Cụm tư tương phản: In spite of + Noun (P) / Gerund (P) , S + V
Despite 1.3 No matter, whatever: Cho dù, bất kể
No matter + what/ who/ when/ where/ why/ how (+ adj/ adv) + S+ V Whatever (+ noun) / Whoever/ Whenever/ Wherever/ however (+ adj/adv) + S+ V
2 CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF REASON: ( Mệnh Đề và Cụm Từ Chỉ Lí Do )
1 Mệnh Đề Chỉ Lí do : 2 Cụm Từ Chỉ Lí do :
As + S + V , S + V Due to + Noun / Gerund (P) , S + V
Example :
1 She stayed in bed because she was seriously ill.
2 He came ten minutes late as he missed the first bus.
3 She stayed in bed because of her illness
4 We didn’t go out due to the cold weather.
5 Since it was too dark to go on, we camped there.
Exercise 1: Make the right choice for the following sentences
1 We couldn’t sleep last night _ the noise next door
2 he can’t afford a car, he goes to work by bicycle
3 the cold weather, we all wore shorts
4 his illness, he had to cancel the appointment
5 He managed to go to school he was ill
6 There were enough seats for everyone _the large crowds
7 _I had two hours for shopping, I couldn't find the shoes I wanted
8 She could understand the song _ she didn't speak Chinese very well
9 Huong didn’t participate in the contest her lack of confidence
10 _ Tom was unable to see anything, he knew someone was in his room
11. _ it was raining hard, he went out without a raincoat
12. I meet her, she always wears a blue dress
13. reasons you give for your being late, I didn’t believe you
14. _ comes, don’t open the door
A No matter how B No matter whom C No matter what D No matter who
15. difficult the exercises are, Tom always tries to finish
16.Although there was a traffic jam, Mr David managed to get to his office on time
A Despite traffic jam, Mr David managed to get to his office on time
B In spite traffic jam, Mr David managed to his office on time
C Despite of the traffic jam, Mr David managed to his office on time
D In spite of the traffic jam, Mr David managed to get to his office on time
17.His family is poor, but he studies very well
A Although his family is poor, but he studies very well.B He studies very well although his family is poor
C Despite his family is poor, he studies very well D Despite of his poor family, he studies very well.18.She was awarded because she worked carefully
A She was awarded because of working carefully B Because her careful work, she was awarded
Trang 19S + be/ V* + SO + ADJ + that + S + V
S + V ( thường ) + SO + ADV + that + S + V
S + be / V* + TOO + ADJ + ( for + O ) + to V
S + V ( thường ) + TOO + ADV + ( for + O ) + to V
S + be / V* + ADJ + ENOUGH + ( for + O ) + to V
S + V ( thường ) + ADV + ENOUGH + ( for + O ) + to V
S + V + SO many / few + Noun (đđ số nhiều) + THAT + S + V
S + V + SO much / little + Noun ( ko đđ) + THAT + S + V
S + V + SUCH + a/ an + (ADJ ) + NOUN ( số ít) + that + S + V
SUCH + ADJ + NOUN ( số nhiều/ ko đếm được) + that + S + V
C Since her careful work, she was awarded D Owing to she worked carefully, she was awarded
3 CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF RESULTS: (Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ kết Quả)
A CỤM TỪ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ:
1 TOO ( quá … không thể)
2 ENOUGH ( đu û…… để có thể )
B MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ:
1 So… … that ( QÚA … ĐẾN NỖI )
Lưu ý: SO + many/ much/ few/ little + NOUN + THAT; quá nhiều/ quá ít ….
Ex: 1 There were so few people at the meeting that it was cancelled.
2 He has invested so much money in the project that he can’t abandon it now.
2 Such… that ( QÚA … ĐẾN NỖI )
Lưu ý: 1 không dùng A/ AN trước Danh Từ số nhiều hoặc Không Đếm được
2 SO + many/ much/ few/ little Nhưng : SUCH + a lot of
Ex: Why did you buy so much food = Why did you buy such a lot of food?
Exercise:
1 Will you be kind _ to help me?
2 He _ to be offered the job
A was such experienced B was too experienced C was not experienced enough D B and C
3 We don’t to go there now
A have time enough B enough time C have too time D have enough time
4 I don’t think our daughter is _ to understand this matter
5 It was _ that we went for a hike in the mountain
6 She dances everybody adores her
A such beautifully that B so beautiful that C too beautifully that D so beautifully that
7 It is that I have read it twice
A such an interesting book B so interesting a book C too interesting a book D A and B
8 Lily is to do this exercise
A no intelligence enough B not intelligent enough C not enough intelligent D so intelligent enough
9 It is that I would like to go to the beach
A such a nice weather B too nice weather C such nice weather D such weather nice
10 The woman was so beautiful
A that I couldn’t help looking at B that I couldn’t help looking at her
4 CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF PURPOSE ( Mệnh Đề và Cụm Từ Chỉ Mục Đích)
1. Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích :
S+ V + so that + S + can / will / may + V
in order that could / would + V
2 Cụm từ chỉ mục đích:
A Mục Đích Khẳng Định : B Mục Đích Phủ Định :
Trang 201 He turned off the lights before going out _ waste electricity.
2 The school boys are in a hurry they will not be late for school
3 He goes to England _
A so that he learns English B so that he may learn English
4 She hid the present _
A so that the children wouldn’t find it B in order to the children not to find it
C for the children not find it D in order that the children not to find it
5 The teacher was explaining the lesson slowly and clearly _
A to make his students to understand it B in order that his students can understand it
C so as to that his students could understand it D so that his students could understand it
6 The boy always does his homework before class
A so as not to be punished by the teacher B so as to be punished by the teacher
C so that not to be punished by the teacher D in order that not to be punished by the teacher
7 “ I tried to study English well I want to get a good job.” Means
A I tried to study English well so that I can get a good job
B I tried to study English well in order that I can get a good job
C I tried to study English well to get a good job
D all are correct
8 “They whispered They didn’t want anyone to hear them.” Means _
A They whispered in order to make anyone hear them
B They whispered so that no one could hear them
C They whispered to make everyone hear them
D They whispered in order that make everyone hear them
9 “I spoke slowly The foreigner could understand me ”means _
A.I spoke slowly so that the foreigner could understand me
B.I spoke slowly in order to the foreigner could understand me
C.I spoke such slowly that the foreigner could understand me
D.I spoke slowly to make the foreigner could understand me
10 “We preserve natural resources We can use them in the future.” Means _
A We preserve natural resources so that we can use them in the future
B We preserve natural resources so as to we can use them in the future
C We preserve natural resources for future use
D A and C
XII CONJUNCTIONS: ( Liên Từ )
1 Liên từ kết hợp :
A BOTH … AND: vừa vừa (nối 2 chủ ngữ - V chia ở số nhiều)
Ex: She plays both tennis and badminton
Both Lan and I are learning English at the club.
B NOT ONLY …….BUT ALSO : không những………mà còn ( V chia theo chủ ngữ thứ 2)
Ex: Not only teachers but also students attended the meeting at the school
C EITHER… OR: hoặc hoặc ( V chia theo chủ ngữ thứ 2)
Ex: Either you or Lan has to clean the room today
D NEITHER… NOR: Không………… mà cũng không………… ( V chia theo chủ ngữ thứ 2)
Ex: Neither she nor you are ready
Neither answer is correct
2 Liên từ chỉ sự Mâu Thuẫn, Trái Ngươc, Hâu Quả, Kết Quả,
A SO VÀ THEREFORE : ( vì thế, cho nên, vì lẽ đó)
+ So & Therefore : dùng giới thiệu kết quả một sự việc,
=> So : phổ biến trong văn nói; Therefore phổ biến trong văn viết
+ So : là liên từ đứng giữa câu , nối Mệnh đề chỉ Nguyên Nhân và Mệnh đề Kết quả
Ex: They may need a new goalkeeper , so I want to be ready
+ Therefore: là trạng từ có thể đứng ở đầu hoặc giữa mệnh chỉ kết quả :
Ex: The food was cold Therefore, he was angry
The food was cold He was therefore angry
B BUT VÀ HOWEER: ( nhưng, tuy nhiên)
But và However : diễn tả 2 ý đối lập nhau trong câu hoặc trong một ngữ đoạn ngắn
Ex: I don’t like him, but I agree that he ‘s a good manager
I don’t like him However, I agree that he’s a good manager
Trang 21
It’s a bit late; however, I’d like to go out
+ But: nối 2 mệnh đề và thường đứng đầu mệnh đề thứ 2
+ However: là một trạng từ, nó có thể đứng ở các vị trí khác nhau trong câu.
Trước However , ta dùng dầu chấm (.) , dấu phẩu (,) , hoặc dấu chấm phẩy (;)
Ex: However, the police did not believe him
The police, however, did not believe him
The police did not believe him, however
Exercise :
1 I was very tired; , I determined to walk on to the next village
2 You can come either on Monday on Friday
3 The weather in Dalat is neither too hot in summer too cold in winter
4 You must leave at once, you miss the train
5 You can send letter from Hong Kong _ by Suez or by Canada
6 He was very young and had no experience of that type of work _ he was not given the post
7 Our opponents have a very good team; _,there is no need for us to lose hope
8 She failed the test she studied hard
9 You should bring an umbrella it rains
10 He went on working feeling unwell
11 they lost, their fans gave them a big cheer
12 Jane has a computer, she doesn’t use it
13 We have to wait everybody else finishes their turn
14 Mark heard the news on the radio _ he was driving home
15 What are you going to do _ graduating from university?
16 I am not so good at English, _ I have to practice more
17 the fact that she failed the exam, she didn’t look disappointed
18 the flight delay, they didn’t attend the conference
19 Everyone thought she would accept the offer , she turned it down
20 It’s _ city that he’s got lost
21 There are _ in the universe that we cannot count them
A so much stars B so many stars C such stars many D such stars much
22 He has to do that he can’t go to the cinema with us
A so much work B so many work C such much work D such a work
23 The film was _ boring that we had left before the end
24 It is _ book that just a few people like it
25 The satellite traveled _ into space that nobody could see it with naked eyes
26 the bad weather, the plan landed safely
A in spite B in spite of C despite the fact that D though
27 _ his exhaustion, he won the marathon by nearly three minutes
28 We have work to do that we can’t go to the cinema with them
29 I don’t understand how John could have made in his judgment
A such big mistake B so big mistake C such a big mistake D so a big mistake
30 _ it was raining hard, he went out without a raincoat
XIII MODAL VERBS :
Can, Could, May, Might, Shall, Should, Ought to, Have to ,Need, Must….
Exercise : Make the right choice for the following sentences
1 I _ be at the meeting by 10:00 I will probably _ take a taxi if I want to be on time
A must/ have to B may / must C should / needn't D mustn't / shouldn't
Trang 22
2 _ I borrow your lighter for a minute? - Sure, no problem Actually, you _ keep it if you want to
A May / can B Must / might C Will / should D Might / needn’t
3 I do not mind at all You _ apologize
4 It is a top secret You _ tell anyone about it
5 We have plenty of time for doing the work We _ be hurried
6 John failed the test again He _ harder
A must have tried B should have tried C can have tried D may have tried
7. She be ill I have just seen her playing basket ball in the school yard
8 Peter has been working for 10 hours He _ be very tired now
9 I _ find my own way there You _ wait for me
A should / can't B have to / must C can / needn't D might / mustn't
10 Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table He _ it here last night
A must have left Bb should have left C must be leaving D needn't leave
XIV PREPOSITIONS AND ARTICLES ( GIỚI TỪ VÀ MẠO TỪ)
Exercise 1: Use either a/ an/ the or Ø in the blanks wherever necessary
1 John sat on _ chair near door
2 I would love to live by _ sea
3 What is longest river in world?
4 We live in big house in middle of the village
5 I’m looking for _ job Did Mary get _ job she applied for?
6 Did _ police find person who stole your bicycle?
7 As I was walking along the street, I saw _ $10 note on pavement
8 The Soviet Uinon was first country to send a man into _ space
9 Did you watch “Titanic” on television or at cinema?
10 Peru is country in South America _ capital is Lima
Exercise 2: Choose the suitable preposition for each sentence
1 When studying abroad, Mary was very happy to get a phone call _ her parents
2 Why don’t we stay home _ a change?
3 The only way cross the river is swim
4 The summer is over Pupils and students have to go to school on Monday
5 He threw stones _ his attackers, trying to drive them _
6 The medical center is closed _ campus
Trang 23
15 She was very surprised the grade she received
16 I was disappointed _the grade I received on my last essay
17 Blue grass music is somewhat different other types of country music
18 We are here to provide you _ the best service possible
19 Lan doesn’t spend much money clothes
20 The property was divided equally his son and daughter
21 They are talking one another _ their last trip
22 Nowadays, most of young people are involved learning English
23 I’m so happy to hear from Mary because I haven’t seen her _ last year
24 He is very successful his job
25 You are old enough to live _ yourself, you should not depend _ parents so much
26 Mary is the most beautiful girl _ the three sisters
27 If you earn a good salary, you can be independent _ your parents
28 I will be responsible _ what I do
29 Those students major English
30 I have no interest playing chess
XV NHỮNG CÂU GIAO TIẾP THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG CÁC ĐỀ THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT
1 Peter: “How do you do?” – Mary: “ _”
A Yeah, OK B Not too bad C How do you do? D I’m well Thank you
2 “ Where are you from ?” – “………”
A Vietnamese B American C Chinese D California
3 Hello, my name’s John to meet you
4 Dona: “ What’s your name?” – Helen: “ ”
5 “ ?” – “ I am very well Thanks.”
A How do you do B How are you C Are you well D What are you like
6 Lam: “Bye!”- Lan “ _.”
A See you lately B See you later C Thank you D Meet you again
7 A: “I hope to see you again.” – B: “ ”
A I hope so, too B Good enough C Thank you D I really enjoy meeting you, too
8 “ Thank you for coming to meet us” – “ ………”
A You are welcomed B Same to you C Thank you too D Not at all
9 Helen: “ May I introduce you to Mary, Peter ?” – Peter: “ ………?”
A How are you, Mary? B How do you do, Mary? C Pleased to meet you, Mary D B and C
10 Hung: “Would you like to have dinner with me?”- Lam: “ .”
A Yes, I’d love to B I’m very happy C Yes, it is D Yes, so do I
11 Peter: “I enjoy listening to pop music.”- Maria: “ _.”
12 David: “You’ve got a beautiful dress!” – Helen: “ .”
13 Sue: “I love pop music.” – Alice: “ .”
A I do, too B No, I won’t C Yes, I like it D Neither do I
14 Mary: “That’s a very nice skirt you’re wearing.”- Julia: “ _.”
A That’s nice B I like it C That’s all right D I’m glad you like it
15 John: “I’ve passed my final exam.”- Tom: “ ”
A Good luck B It’s nice of you to say so C That’s a good idea D Congratulations!
16 David: “Happy Christmas!”- Jason: “ ”
A You are the same! B Same for you! C The same to you! D Happy Christmas with you!
17 Mary: “I’ve got an interview for a job tomorrow.” – Peter: “ .”
18 A: “Thank you for the lovely present.” – B: “ .”
Trang 24
19 A: “ do they travel abroad?” – B: “Once a year.”
A Yes, you’re welcome B Never mind C What a pity! No, not at all
21 Trung: “I’m getting married next week.” – Nguyen: “ .”
A Congratulations! B Well done! C Sorry to hear that D Thanks, the same to you
22 A: “Are you free this coming Sunday?” – B: “ ”
A Yes, I will B No, thank you C Yes, I am D I think so Why?
23 A: “Are you hungry?” – B: “ ”
24 A: “Would you like some more tea?” – B: “ ”
A Yes, please B Here you are C It doesn’t matter D I’m OK
25 Peter: “Thanks a lot for your wonderful gift.” – Mary: “ ”
26 A: “Thank you for a lovely evening.” – B: “ ”
A No, problem B Yes, I’d like that C I’m glad you enjoy it D Yes, that would be very nice
27 “Would you like a cup of coffee?” – “ ”
A Yes, thanks a lot B No, thank you C No, please not D No, you are welcome
28 A: “Let’s meet for a coffee tonight.” – B: “ ”
A I hope not B I’m afraid I can C Yes, let’s D Yes, thank you
29 A: “ ?” – B: “Yes I want to send some flowers to my wife in Italy”
A Do you like flowers B What do you like C Can you help me D Can I help you
30 A: “Jenny, I passed my exam.” – Jenny: “ ”
31 “…………was he driving when the accident happened?” – “ About 60 kilometres an hour.”
A How far B How quick C How fast D How long
32 “ I’m afraid I can’t come to your birthday party this weekend!” – “………”
A What a shame ! B What a pity ! C Me too D What’s happened?
33 Alice: “ What shall we do this evening?” – Carol: “ ………”
A Oh, that’s good! B No problem C I went out for dinner D Let’s go out for dinner
34 Maria: “ I’m taking my end-of-term examination tomorrow.” – Ann: “ ………”
A Good luck B Good day C Good time D Good chance
35 “……… do you go to the dentist’s?” - “ Twice a year.”
A When B Why C How D How often
36 A: “ ………?” B: “ Yes, I’d like some information about trains, please.”
A: Can I help you? B May I help you ? C What can I do for you? D All are correct
37 “ Thanks for your help.” – “………”
A That’s all right B Thank you, too C The same to you D You are welcomed
38 A: “ How about a biscuit?” – B: ……… I’m on a diet
A Yes, please B Yes, thank you C No, thanks D It’s OK
39 “ I need some ice Can you get some from the fridge for me?” – “ ………”
A No, thanks B Yes, please C Certainly D Yes, thank you
40 “ Thank you very much for the wonderful gift.” – “ ………”
A Good luck B Don’t mention it C Congratulations D You are welcome
41 “ Let’s eat out tonight!” – “………”
A Ok Why not? B Congratulations C Good luck ! D Yes, I will
42 “ Congratulations on your success!” – “ ………”
A Not at all B Thank you C All right D The same to you
43 “ Goodbye Have a nice weekend.” – “ Goodbye ……… ”
A Me too B You’re welcome C Not at all D The same to you
44 “ I am having an examination tomorrow.” – “………”
A Congratulations! B Good luck! C Be careful D Why?
45 “ Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?” – “ Yes ……… Where can we meet?”
A I would B I will C I’d love to D I like
46 A: Have a cigarette? – B: I am trying to stop
47 “ Have a good holiday, Peter!” - “ _ , Mary.”
48 “How about having a drive to the countryside this weekend?” – “ ”
A Not at all B You are welcome C No, thanks D That’s a good idea
49 Anne: “Make yourself at home.” _ John: “ _”
A Yes, Can I help you? B Not at all Don’t mention it
C Thanks! Same to you D That’s very kind Thank you
Trang 25
50 Hung: “ Thank you very much for a lovely party.” – Hoa: “ _ ”
A Thanks B Have a good day C You are welcome D Cheers
51 Brenda: “ Do you think it will rain?” – Carol: “ Oh, _ ”
A I don’t hope B I hope not C I don’t hope so D It’s hopeless
52 A: “Would you mind lending me your bike?” – B: “ ”
53 Peter: “Thanks for coming What a nice gift you’ve brought us!” – Mary: “ _ ”
A I’m glad you like it B You are welcome C The same to you D Not at all
54 Hung: “You have a good voice You sang so beautifully!” – Lan: “ ”
A The same to you B You, too C Thank a lot D Thanks for your compliment
55 Trung: “ You’re certainly a smart student.” – Phong: “ ”
A Congratulations B I don’t think so C I don’t hope so D Good luck
56 “Don’t forget to come to my party tomorrow ” – “ ”
57 “ Have a nice weekend!” – “ Thank you _ ”
A Me too B Same to you C The same to you D The same with you
58 “I have some lucky money for you Happy new year” “………”
A Great Thanks B Have a nice day C Good luck D What a pity!
A Don’t mention it B Congratulations! C It’s all right D Thank you
60 “ Thank you for helping me!” “……….”
XVI SOME COMMON PHRASAL VERBS
4 turn round/ back: quay lại, xoay lại
5 go on = continue + V.ing: tiếp tục
6 hurry up khẩn trương
7 lie down nằm xuống
8 go away đi xa, đi khỏi
9 sit down ngồi xuống
10 turn on ≠ turn off bật ≠ tắt
11 put on ≠ take off mặc vào ≠ cởi/ tháo ra
12 turn up = arrive đến, xuất hiện
13 look after= take care of chăm sóc
14 look out =watch out = be careful
15 get over = recover from phục hồi, vượt qua
16 go off = explode cháy, nổ
17 try out = test thử nghiệm
18 hold up=delay=postpone= put off:trì hoãn
19 take after = resemble giống với
23 throw … at/ to ném vào/ tới
24 glance at liếc nhìn
26 write to viết thư tới
29 ask … for hỏi xin
30 apply for ST nộp đơn xin cái gì
31 apply to SO nộp đơn cho ai
32 search for = look for tìm kiếm
33 talk about ST nói chuyện về
34 talk to SO nói với ai về
35 have an discussion about …thảo luận về
38 stand for thay thế cho
Exercise : Choose the best answer for each sentence
1 I'm sorry I didn't mean to interrupt you Please, go on and finish what you were saying
2 What does "www" for? Is it short for “world wide web?”
3 When you finish using the computer, can you please it off
4 When the alarm went off, everyone proceeded calmly to the emergency exits
5 Look out There is a rattlesnake under the picnic table!
6 Mrs Jones's husband passed away fast Friday We are all shocked by the news
7 Don't forget to your gloves on It is cold outside
8 They had to delay their trip because of the bad weather
9 Do you want to stop in this town, or shall we _?
Trang 26
10 Who will the children while you go out to work?
11 Please the light, it’s getting dark here
12 The nurse has to of the patients at the midnight
13 There is an inflation The prices
A are going on B are going down C are going over D are going up
14 Remember to _ your shoes when you are in a Japanese house
15 You can the new words in the dictionary
16 It’s cold outside your coat
17 Frank never turns up on time for a meeting.
18 Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
19 My father still hasn’t really recovered from the death of my mother.
20 The bomb exploded with a loud bang which could be heard all over the town.
21 John, could you look after my handbag while I go out for a minute.
A take part in B take over C take place D take care of
22 Bill seems unhappy in his job because he doesn’t get _ his boss
23 Why do they talking about money all the time?
24 My father gave up smoking two years ago
25 The government hopes to _ its plans for introducing cable TV
26 “Please the radio, I can’t concentrate on my work
27 I was born in Scotland but I in Northern Ireland
28 Both Ann and her sister look like her mother.
29 I’ll be back in a minute, Jane I just want to try out my new tape recorder.
30 We must otherwise we will be late for the train
1. CÁC CẤU TRÚC CÂU VỚI “ USE “
1 Used to + V: đã từng
Did + S + use to + V
S + didn’t + use to + V 3 Be used to + V.ing/ Noun(P): quen với
2 Be used to + V : được dùng để Get used to + V.ing / N.P trở nên quen với
Be used for + V.ing: được dùng để Become used to + V.ing/ N.P trở nên quen với
1 When my father was young he used to walk a long distance, but now he is too old to walk.
2 Most women are used to staying at home and doing housework.
3 She can’t get used to the cold weather there.
4 Wood is used for making furniture and building.
5 Fertilizers are used to enrich the soil and to increase yield.