on thi tot nghiep 12-2013

TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG NĂM HỌC 2013 Nội dung ơn tập 1) Tenses 2) Adverbial Clauses 3) Phonetics, Stresss 4) Reported Speech 5) Passive Voice 6) Conditional Sentences 7) Wish 8) Comparison 9) Relative Clauses 10) Clauses and Phrases of Concession, Reason, Result 11) Conjunctions 12) Modal verbs 13) Prepositions and Articles: a, an, the 14) Communicative Sentences 15) Phrasal verbs 16) Some other sentence Structures 17) Infinitive and Gerund 18) Tags questions 19) Sentence Transformation 20) Vocabulary 21) Practice tests for Units 22) Đề thi các năm qua Chúc các em đạt kết quả cao trong kỳ thi Tốt Nghiệp 2012 ! Trên con đường đi đến thành cơng khơng có dấu chân của người lười biếng! On the way to success there aren't no footprints of lazy people! I. TENSES : Các Thì 1. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE ( Thì Hiện Tại Đơn ) ( TO BE ) Form : Usage: - Diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên Ex: The moon goes around the earth. I’m a Vietnamese. - Diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại Ex: Mary often goes to school by bicycle. My father gets up early every morning. Lưu ý : * Nếu chủ ngữ là ngơi thứ BA số it ( She / HE / IT ),thêm “ ES” sau các động từ tận cùng là : CH, SH , O, X ,S, Z * Các trạng từ thường được dùng với thì hiện tại đơn : often, usually, frequently: thường always, constantly: luôn luôn sometimes, occasionally: thỉnh thoảng seldom, rarely: ít khi , hiếm khi every day / week / month/ year…: mỗi ngày/ tuần/ tháng/ năm 2. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (Thì Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn) Form : Usage: – Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra và kéo dài một thời gian ở hiện tại ( đi kèm với các cụm từ chỉ thời gian như: Now, Right Now, At The Moment, At Present, At This Time) Ex: The children are playing football now. What are you doing at the moment ? – Thì HT Tiếp Diễn thường được dùng sau câu đề nghò, mệnh lệnh Ex: Look ! The child is crying. Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the next room. – Diễn tả sự việc đang diễn ra trog tuần/tháng/ năm ( đi kèm với this week/ month/ summer/ year) Ex: Hung is working at Rex Hotel this summer. – Dùng để diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra (ở tương lai gần với các động từ chuyển động : go, come, arrive, leave, return) hoặc các Trạng từ chỉ tương lai Ex: He is coming tomorrow. My parents are going to Hanoi next week . Lưu ý : Không dùng thì Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn với các động từ chỉ tri giác, nhận thức như: To be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, feel, look, think, hate, love, realize, seem, smell, taste, remember, forget, belong mà THAY BẰNG THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN Ex: I am tired now. She wants to go for a walk at the moment. Do you understand the lesson ? Yes, I understand it now. 3. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (Thì Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành) Form : Usage : – Diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra: đi kèm với trạng từ : Just, Recently, Lately Ex: My brother has just finished his homework. S + V / V s /es +… Do / Does + s + V ? S + do / does + not + V S + am / is /are + V. Ing Am / Is / Are + S + V .ing ? S + am / is / are + not + V.ing S + has / have + pp Has / Have + S + pp? S + has / have + not + pp S+ am / is/ are + Am / Is / Are + s + S+ am / is /are + not + – Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn kéo dài đến hiện tại và có khả năng tiếp tục ở tương lai. ( đi với Since, For, So far, Up to now, Up to the present ) Ex: Mary has lived in this house since 1990. = Mary has lived in this house for ten years. Up to now, we have learned all the lessons in the book. – Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ mà không biết rõ thời gian . (đi kèm với Already) Ex: The students have already finished their test. I have gone to Hanoi. ( I don’t remember when I got there!) – Diễn tả 1hành động được lập đi lập lại nhiều lần ở quá khứ. (với many times, several times, the first time, the second time …) Ex: Daisy has read that novel several times. This is the second time I have seen this film. – Diễn tả 1 hành động chưa bao giờ xảy ra ( với Never), chưa xảy ra ( Yet) hoặc đã từng xảy ra ( với Ever) Ex: We have never been to Da lat. I have not finished the report yet. – Thì HTHT còn dùng sau câu so sánh nhất thường đi với Ever : Ex: This is the most intertesing film I have ever seen. Lưu ý : Các trạng từ được dùng với thì HTHT chỉ được dùng với các câu đơn. Đối với câu có 2 Mđề trở lên hoặc đoạn văn thì Động từ phải được chia theo ngữ cảnh chứ không phụ thuộc vào các trạng từ này. Ex : I have already done my homework. But : When I came , they had already shown the film. 4. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (Thì Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn) Form : Usage: – Dùng để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động bắt đầu xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại. Thường đi kèm với các từ Since (+ mốc thời gian) và For (+ Khoảng thời gian) Ex: They have been living in this city for 25 years. How long have you been waiting for her? 5. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE (Thì Quá Khứ Đơn) ( TO BE ) Form : Usage: – Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, chấm dứt rồi và biết rõ thời gian. Các trạng từ hay gặp : yesterday, last week / month / year / spring, ago , IN + mốc thời gian ở quá khư Ex: Tom went to Paris last summer. My brother left this city two years ago. My grandfather died in 1982. Were they in hospital last month ? He didn’t watch T.V last night. 6. THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (Thì Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn) Form: Usage: – Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài một thời gian ở quá khứ: Ex: Yesterday, Mr. Nam was working in the laboratory all the afternoon. What were you doing from 3p .m to 6 p. m yesterday? – Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm ở quá khứ: ( A t + giờ trong q khứ) Ex: I was doing my homework at 4p .m yesterday. They were practising English at that time . S + V ed / V2 Did + S + V? S + didn’t + V. S + has / have been + V.ing Has / have + S + been + V.ing ? S + has / have been + not + V.ing S + was / were+ Was / were + s+ ? S + was /were + not + S + was / were + V.ing Was / Were + s + V.ing ? S + was / were + not + V.ing. – Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra ở quá khứ thì có một hành động khác xen vào( hành động dài hơn dùng thì QK tiếp diễn, hàng động ngắn hơn dùng thì QK đơn) Ex: Yesterday, when I came to his house, he was preparing for the party. While / As we were crossing the streets , the policeman shouted at us. – Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hành động xảy ra song song cùng lúc ở quá khứ Ex: Yesterday, while I was cooking, my sisters were washing the dishes. Lưu ý : Không dùng thì QK Tiếp Diễn với các động từ chỉ tri giác, nhận thức. Thay vào đó ta phải dùng thì Quá Khứ Đơn Ex: I think that he was here last night. 7. THE PAST PERFECT TENSE( Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành): Form: Usage : Diễn tả một hành động quá khứ xảy ra trước một thời gian trong quá khứ hoặc trước một hành động quá khứ khác ( nếu câu có 2 hành động quá khứ, hành đông nào xảy ra trước thì dùng QK Hoàn thành, hành đông xảy ra sau thì dùng thì QK Đơn ). Thường đi kèm với các trạng từ như: Before, After, When, By the Time, As soon as, Up to then Ex: 1. We had lived in Hue before 1975. 2. When I got up this morning, my father had already left. 3. After the children had finished their home work, they went to bed. 4. By the time we got to the station, the train had left. 5. It was the most difficult question that I had ever known. 8. THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE ( Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn ): Form: Usage : Dùng để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục cuả một hành động quá khứ đã xảy ra và kéo dài cho đến một hành động trong quá khứ thứ hai xảy ra. Thường thường khoảng thời gian kéo dài được nêu rõ trong câu. Ex: The men had been playing cards for 3 hours before I came. They had been living in Lon don for 10 years when I met them. 9. THE SIMPLE FUTURE ( Thì Tương Lai Đơn ) Form: ( I / We + shall + V… ) Usage : – Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai, đi kèm với trạng từ :Tomorrow, next week / month , soon ( chẳng bao lâu nữa ),some day ( một ngày nào đó ) Ex: He’ll come back here soon. Next week, we’ll visit our grandparents. – Diễn tả một hành động được quyết đònh ngay lúc nói, hoặc 1 lời hứa Ex: Someone is knocking at the front door. I shall answer it. – Dùng để diễn tả một dự đoán mang tính chủ quan : Ex: I think he will pass the exam. 10. THE NEAR FUTURE ( Thì Tương Lai Gần ) Form: Usage : S + had + pp Had + S + pp? S + had not + pp S + had been + V.ing Had + S + been + V.ing ? S + had not + been + V.ing S + will /shall + V Will / Shall + s + V ? S + will/ shall + not + V S + am / is /are + going to + V Am / Is /Are + S + going to + V ? S + am / is /are + not + going to + V – Dùng để diễn tả một hành động sắp sửa xảy ra trong tương lai hoặc một dự đònh sắp tới (đã lên kế hoạch) Ex: Where are you going to spend your holiday this summer? – Dùng để diễn tả một dự đoán có cơ sở Ex: Look at these black clouds! It’s going to rain. 11. THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS ( Thì Tương Lai Tiếp Diễn ) Form: Usage: – Diễn tả một hành động sẽ diễn đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong tương lai.( at + thời điểm trong T.lai ) Ex: He will be doing research at this time tomorrow. She will be living in this house in may next year. 12. THE FUTURE PERFECT (Thì Tương Lai Hoàn Thành ) Form: Usage: – Diễn tả một hành động sẽ hoàn tất trước một thời điểm cho trước trong tương lai, hoặc trước một hành động trong tương lai.các trạng từ chỉ thời gian hay dùng:By + mốc th gian ở Tương Lai) ; By The Time ; By then Ex: I’ll have finished my work by noon. They’ll have built that house by July next year. When you come back, she’ll have written this letter. II. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME (MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN )  Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian được bắt đầu với các liên từ chỉ thời gian: When, Whenever, As soon as, Just as, While, As, Whereas, Before, After, Till, Until, Since, By the time, As long as, so long as ( chừng nào mà) , Once ( khi mà, ngay khi,một khi ) ,the first / last / next time , the moment, every time… Examples: 1. I work so hard that I am always tired. 2. He never goes home before he has finished his work. 3. When I was a child, I often went fishing with my father. 4. It was raining when I got there. 5. They arrived at the station after the train had left. 6. Susan had worked as a nurse for 3 years before she got married. 7. While Robert was watching the film on TV, I was doing my homework. 8. I have lost contact with Joanna since she left here. 9. By the time he retires, he will have saved US$ 20,000. 10. I’ll help you with your homework as soon as I have done my own  Sự Phối Hợp Các Thì Trong Mệnh Đề Trạng Ngữ Chỉ Thời Gian Notes : 1. Không dùng các thì Tương lai trong các mệnh đề trạng Ngữ chỉ thời gian Thì Tương Lai Đơn => Thì Hiện Tại Đơn Tương Lai Hoàn Thành => Thì Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành Tương lai Tiếp Diễn => Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn Ex: By the time you receive this letter, I will have left Japan. I’ll take the paper with me. I’ll read while I am waiting for the bus. 2. Thì hiện tại Hoàn Thành dùng trong Mệnh đề Trạng Ngữ , để nhấn mạnh sự Hoàn tất của hành động Ex: I will start a job in sales as soon as I finish / have finished college. 3. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ với SINCE: V chia ở thì Qúa khứ đơn, Mệnh đề chính: V chia thì HT Hoàn thành hoặc HT Hoàn thành tiếp diễn Mệnh đề chính ( Main Clause) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ ( Adverbial clause) 1. Các Thì Hiện tại (Present Tenses) Các Thì Hiện tại (Present Tenses) 2. Các Thì Quá khứ (Past Tenses ) Các Thì Quá khứ (Past Tenses ) 3.Các Thì Tương lai ( Future Tenses ) Các Thì Hiện tại (Present tenses) S + will / shall + be + V.ing Will / Shall + S + be + V.ing ? S + will / shall + not + be + V.ing S + will / shall + have + pp Will / Shall + S + have + pp ? S + will / shall + not + have + pp S + has / have + pp + SINCE + S + V ed / V 2 has / have been + V.ing ( nhấn mạnh sự kéo dài của hành động tới hiện tại) Ex: Davis hasn’t been able to work since he broke his leg. He has been studying English since he came here. 4. Mênh đề Với While: Động từ luôn chia ở hình thức tiếp diễn. Ngoại trừ các động từ chỉ tri giác, nhân thức : be , understand, know, want, belong, love, hate, remember… Ex: While we were in the meeting room, we heard a big noise outside. Excerise 1 : Choose the correct answer. 1) What _____________at the moment? A. do you do B. did you do C. have you done D. are you doing 2) The River Amazon__________into the Atlantic Ocean. A. flows B. flow C. is flowing D. flowed 3) He_______ in London from 1970 to 1973. A. lives B. had lived C. has lived D. lived 4) Marilyn Monroe___________in 1962. A. died B. dies C. is dying D. had died 5) I was driving along the road when suddenly a child _______across the road. A. run B. runs C. ran D.was running 6) I__________six kilometers so far this morning. A. walk B. walked C. am walking D. have walked 7) I___________i nterested in jazz since I left school. A. have been B. was C. am D. had been 8) The earth _________ round the sun. A. go B. went C. is going D. goes 9) They ________ a new house in this corner of the street right now. A. are building B. have been building C. were building D. build 10) She says Titanic is the best film she________ A. had seen B. saw C. has ever seen D. will see 11) By the time you finish your twelfth grade this summer, I _______ from my university. A. will graduate B. will be graduating C. have graduated D. will have graduated 12) I ________ the book before my next birthday. A. will finish B. am going to finish C. will have finished D. finish 13) She ________ a headache for several hours. A. has B. had C. has had D. is having 14) Do you think it ________ tomorrow? A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. will rain 15) By the time I got to Lucy’s house, she_____already_______ for work. A.had ……left B.has……left C.left D.is……leaving 16) This s the first time , I __________ Japanese food. A. enjoys B. had enjoyed Cam enjoying D. has enjoyed 17) I _______ the money from him yet. A. haven’t received B. don’t receive C. will receive D. am receiving 18) Up to the present, Nam_______ good work in his class. A. does B. has done C. had done D. did 19) When my father __________ next month, he will have been teaching for 40 years. A. retires B. will retire C. is going to retire D. is retiring 20) He said that he _______ a lot of money on advertising to expand his business. A. spends B. has spent C. spending D. had spent 21) The train ________ when we got to the station. A. just left B. just leaves C. had just left D. will leave 22) Tom told me he _______ call me at the airport when I ________. A. would/ arrived B. will/ arrive C. will have/ arriving D. would be/ arriving 23) He hasn’t stopped eating since he _______ . A.hadn’t come B. came C. comes D. has come 24) At this time tomorrow, we _________ our final exam. A. will have taking B. will be taking C. will be taken D. would take 25) -______ before? – Yes, I _______ my holidays here last year. A. Have you ever been here / spent B. Have you ever been here / spend C. Did you ever be here / spending D. Were you ever here / spend 26) _______ I was working in the garden, John was repairing the washing machine. A. As soon as B. Before C. While D. Until 27) Peter said he ________ a test the following day. A. had had B. will have C. has had D. would have 28) After she _________ at the hospital for 2 years, she_________ to give up the job yesterday. A. had been working/ decides B. had been working/ decided C. working / had decided D. is working/ will decide 29) Tom _________ before we arrived there. A. has left B. had left C. will have left D. leaves 30) Jane _________ her house all the morning before the guest arrived. A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has been cleaning D. had been cleaning 31) _______, I will give him the report. A. When he will return B. When he returns C. Until he will return D. No sooner he returns 32) _______ the firemen arrived to help, we had already put out the fire. A. Until B. No sooner C. By the time D. After 33) I have earned my own living _______ I was seven. A. since B. when C. while D. as soon as 34) We saw many beautiful birds _______ in the lake. A when we were fishing B. while fishing C. while we are fishing D. fishing 35) _______ in Rome than he was kidnapped. A. No sooner he arrived B. Had he no sooner arrived C. No sooner had he arrived D. No sooner he had arrived Exercise 2: 1. Last year, my son was lost among the crowd when we are going shopping. 2. Almost 300 million people visited America’s national parks every year. 3. They have studied English before they went to London. 4. They has got married for 30 years by the end of this month. 5. They will help you whenever you will ask them. 6. After Mrs. Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner. 7. Did you say that you will have a lot of things to do the following week? 8. When we arrived at the station, the train has already left. 9. Did your doctor recommend you that you will stop smoking? 10.Up to now, there had been no woman being chosen the US president. Exercise 3: Choose the best answer: 1. I have never seen such beautiful pictures before. A. These pictures are the most beautiful I have never seen.B. These pictures are the most beautiful I have ever seen. C. This is the first time I see beautiful pictures.D. This is the first time I have seen beautiful pictures. 2. Jack has stopped writing letters to Jill. A. Jack has no longer stopped writing letters to Jill. B. Jack used to write letters to Jill. C. Jack has never written letters to Jill. D. Jack stopped writing letters to Jill when Jill come. 3. Mary has been working in this company for five years. A. Mary began to work in this company for five years. B. Mary began working in this company for five years ago. C. Mary began to work in this company five years ago.D. Mary has begun to work in this company five years ago. 4. I have never eaten this kind of food before. A. I used to eat this kind of food before. B. Before I came here I had ever eaten this kind of food. C. This is the first time I have ever eaten this kind of food.D. This is the most delicious food I have ever eaten. 5. She last saw him years ago. A. She hasn’t seen him years ago B. She hasn’t seen him for years ago. C. She didn’t see him for years . D. It’s years since she last saw him. 6. It’s ages since I last saw a Hollywood film. A. It’s ages because I last saw a Hollywood film. B. I haven’t seen any Hollywood film before. C. I saw a last Hollywood film since ages ago.D. I haven’t seen a Hollywood film for a long time. 7. He hasn’t smoked a cigarette for a week. A. It is for a week that he hasn’t smoked a cigarette. B. It is a week since he last smoked a cigarette. C. It is a cigarette that he smoked a week ago. D. It is a week ago that he smoked a cigarette. 8. It started to rain at 2 o’clock and it is still raining. A. It has been raining at 2 o’clock. B. It has been raining since 2 o’clock. C. It has been raining for 2 o’clock. D. It has been raining in 2 o’clock. 9. They had finished their tea and then they left. A. They finished their tea after they had left. B. After they had left, they finished their tea. C. They had left before they finished their tea. D. After they had finished their tea, they left. 10. John began playing the piano 10 years ago. A. John played the piano 10 years ago. B. John has played the piano for 10 years. C. John used to play the piano 10 years ago. D. John doesn’t play the piano anymore. III. THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE ENDING ‘S” AND “ ED” ( cách đọc ‘S’ và “ ED” A. The Pronunciation of the ending ‘s” (Cách phát âm các từ tận cùng với “ s”) 1. “ es” được phát âm là /iz /khi đi sau các âm : / t∫, s, ∫ , z, ʒ , dʒ, / Ex: kisses, oranges, watches, wishes , bridges, buses, 2. “ s” được phát âm là /s /khi đi sau các âm vô thanh: / k, f, p, t, ⊖ , h / Ex: books, beliefs , laughs, keeps, cups, bats , dates, baths , 3.“ s” được phát âm là /z /khi đi sau các âm hữu thanh còn lại : /d, b, g ,v, m, n, l, r, j, w + o, a, I, u, e/ Ex: bags , kids, days, plays, lessons, dreams, hills, songs, answers B. The Pronunciation of the ending “ ed” (Cách phát âm các từ tận cùng với “ ed”) 1. “ ed” được phát âm la ø/ id / , khi đi sau các âm / t , d / Ex: mended, needed, wanted, protected, decided, ended, invited, 2. “ed” được phát âm là / t / , khi đi sau các âm vô thanh trừ t / k, f, p, h, s , ∫ , t∫ / Ex: walked, laughed ,jumped, missed, washed , watched 3. “ ed” được phát âm la ø/ d / , khi đi sau các âm hữu thanh còn lại trừ d / b, g ,v, ʒ , dʒ , z, m, n, l, r, j, w/ Ex: explained, arrived, cleaned, tried, failed, played, used, Lưu ý: Cách phát âm do dựa vào phiên âm của âm cuối cùng của từ chứ khơng phụ thuộc vào cách viết Exercise 1 : Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently form the others 1. a. cooks b. loves c. joins d. spends 2. a. advises b. raises c. devices d. goes 3. a. hands b. parents c. chores d. boys 4. a. brothers b. weekends c. problems d. secrets 5. a. attempts b. shares c. looks d. beliefs 6. a. concerned b. raised c. developed d. maintained 7. a. appeared b. agreed c. coughed d. loved 8. a. sacrificed b. trusted c. recorded d. acted 9. a. laughed b. weighed c. helped d. missed 10. a. explained b. disappointed c. prepared d. interviewed Exercise 2: Phonetics 1. A. enough B. rough C. tough D. though 2. A. hour B. hear C. hit D. hat 3. A. tear B. adventure C. volunteer D. tomorrow 4. A. helpful B. useful C. ulcer D. thankful 5. A. ago B. machine C. station D. material 6. A. occur B. oblige C. occasion D. oxygen 7. A. disposal B. exhaust C. themselves D. students 8. A. physical B. establish C. ask D. mathematics 9. A. books B. cats C. dogs D. maps 10.A. closure B. pleasure C. conclusion D. pressure IV. STRESS :Cách đánh trọng âm 1. Dấu nhấn trong từ có 2 âm tiết thường nằm ở: + vần thứ 2 đối với động từ. + vần thứ 1 đối với danh từ hoặc tính từ. a. Đối với V, ADJ, ADV, PREP: nếu âm tiết thứ 2 chứa ngum âm dài hoặc ngun âm kép ( Trừ ou) hoặc kết thúc với 2 hay nhiều phụ âm thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2. Ngược lại nếu âm tiết thứ 2 chứa ngun âm ngắn hoặc ngun âm kép ( ou) hoặc kết thúc bằng 1 phụ âm thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu Ex: arrive, attract, correct , perfect, alone, inside, open, borrow, lovely, sorry, rather b. Đối với NOUN : nếu âm tiết thứ 2 có chứa ngun âm ngắn thị trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu Ngược lại nếu âm tiết thứ 2 chứa nguy6en âm dài hoặc ngun âm kép thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 Ex: money, product, balloon, design,  Notes: Đối với những từ tận cùng là đuôi: en, er, on ……… và một số từ không nằm trong quy luật này nên cách phát âm những từ này phải dựa vào từ điển để phát âm cho chính xác. 2. Dấu nhấn trong từ có hơn 2 âm tiết thường được phát âm dựa trên những quy luật sau: a. Dấu nhấn thường nằm ở vần trước -ion, -ial, -ical, -ity, -itive, -itant, -ic(s), -ous, -ual Ex : mathematical, magic , protection,economics, active, b. Đối với những từ tận cùng là: -fy, -ate, -ize…. Dấu nhấn sẽ nằm ở vần thứ 3 đếm từ dưới lên : Ex: delicate, simplify, minimize… c. Dấu nhấn thường nằm ở chính những vần -oon, - ese, -ee, - eer , -oo ……. : Ex: bamboo, afternoon , Vietnamese, engineer, vonlunteer d. Danh từ kép có dấu nhấn nằm ở từ đứng trước : Ex: bookshop, welfare , Lưu ý: Dấu nhấn ln nằm ở từ gốc: Ex: depend -> dependent-> independent care -> careful -> carefully-> carelessly V. REPORTED SPEECH ( CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT ) Study these examples: 1. Lan said “I went to work by bus this morning” Lans said ( that) she had gone to work by bus that morning. 2. My father said to me, “ Did you do the housework?”. My father asked me if I had done the housework. 2. The teacher asked us, “When will you have the picnic? “ The teacher asked us when we would have the picnic. Ngun tắc : 1. Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại hoàn thành, tương lai đơn thì không đổi thì của động từ trong câu nói Trực tiếp (TT) cũng ko đổi trạng từ chỉ đổi ngôi, tính từ sở hữu của câu nói TT + Ngôi 1 ( I, we) đ đổi cùng ngôi với chủ ngữ. + Ngôi 2 ( you, they) đổi cùng ngôi với tân ngữ. + Ngôi 3 ( It, she, he) khơng đổi => giữ nguyên Ex: He says: “We will have the final test next month” → He says they will have the final test next month 2. Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì Quá khứ đơn: ta đổi ngôi, thì và trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn trong câu nói trực tiếp . + thay đổi về thì: +) Thay đổi về trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn 1. here ==> there 2. this / these ==> that / those 3. today ==> that day 4. tonight ==> that night 5. now ==> then 6. ago ==> before 7. yesterday ==> the day before / the previous day 8. last night /week /month… ==> the night / week / month before OR the previous night/week/. 9. tomorrow ==> the following day / the next day 10. next week / month… ==> the following week / month… + thay đổi động từ tường thuật cho phù hợp với từng loại câu: said → said / wondered. / wanted to know… said to O → told O said + O → asked O …. Cơng thức đổi các loại câu: 1. Câu Phát biểu S + V + (O), “S + V + ………” ==> S + V + (O) + ( that ) + S + V +… Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp 1. Hiện tại đơn 2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn 3. Hiện tại hồn thành ( tiếp diễn) 4. Q khứ đơn 5. Qúa khứ tiếp diễn 6. Tương lai đơn ( will / shall + V) 7. Câu ĐK loại 1 8. Câu ĐK loại 2, 3 9. Can + V → Q khứ đơn → Qúa khứ tiếp diễn → Q khứ hồn thành ( tiếp diễn) → Q khứ hồn thành → Q khứ hồn thành tiếp diễn → would / could + V → Câu ĐK loại 2 → Khơng đổi → Could + V S + V + TO-V said / told ( S: đổi, V: lùi thì ) Ex1: Lan says, “I often help my mother with cooking the dinner => Lan____________________________________________________________________ Ex2: My father said to me, “ I want you to become a doctor”. => My father_______________________________________________________________ 2. Câu hỏi a. Yes / No questions: V : ask+ O , wonder , inquire, want to know a.1 S + V + O, “Be + S + ……?” ==> S + V + O + if / whether + S + be +…… a.2 S + V + O, “Do / Does / Did + S + V?” ==> S + V + O + if / whether + S + V +… a.3 S + V + O, “Have / Has / Had + S + p.p?” ==> S + V + O + if / whether + S + have / has / had+pp Ex a.1: She said to me, “ Are you tired?” => She____________________________________________________________________ Ex a.2 : Linda asked John, “Did you go to the party last night?” => Linda __________________________________________________________________ Ex a.3: She asked me, “ Have you lived here since 1990?” => She____________________________________________________________________ b. Wh- questions b.1 S + V + O, “Wh- + be + S + ……?” => S + V + O + Wh- + S + be + …… b.2 S + V + O, “Wh- + do / does / did + S + V?” => S + V + O + Wh- + S + V b.3 S + V + O, “Wh- + have / has / had + S + p.p?” => S + V + O + Wh- + S + have / has / had + pp Ex b.1: My mother asked me, “What are you doing?” => My mother ____________________________________________________________ Ex b.2: Tom asked Marry, “Where did you go yesterday?” => Tom__________________________________________________________________ Ex b.3: She said to me, “ How long have you learnt English?” => She wanted to know________________________________________________________ Exercise : Change the following sentences into Reported Speech 1. My mother said to me, “ I visited your grandmother yesterday”. ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Hoa said , “ I’m having a party next weekend, Mai ” _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Minh said to me, “ I don’t agree with you about the answer of this question”. _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. She said to the boy , “ Where did you leave the bicycle?”. _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. I asked him, “ When will you come here? “ _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. The policeman asked the boy, “ What have you got in your luggage?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Ms.Lan asked Timmy, “ Had you had breakfast before going to school?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 8. “ Can you open the door for me, Tom ? “ I asked _____________________________________________________________________________ 9. The teacher asked Susan,” Do you have a notebook?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 10. I said to Nam, “ Have you finished your report?” _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Tường thuật vời Động từ Nguyên mẫu Ex: “Would you like to go to drink coffee with me?”, Minh said to Mai.  Minh invited Mai to go to drink coffee with him. ‘ S + V + (O) + TO + V NOT + TO + V S + V + O + TO-V [...]... found to be cancelled 15 I didn’t realize that somebody was recording our conversation A I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded B I didn’t realize that our conversation was being recorded C I didn’t realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone D Our conversation wasn’t realized to be recorded VII CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ( CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN ) Loại Mệnh đề If Loại 1: Điều kiện có thật,... many money as B as much money as C as many money than D as much money than 11 it is, he tries A The more difficult/ harder B The difficult/ more hard C The more difficult/ the harder D The more difficult/ more harder 12 we finish the project, _ we can start the next one A The soonest / the sooner B The soonest / the most soon C The sooner / the sooner D The soonest / the soonest X... ………………” A No, thanks B Yes, please C Certainly D Yes, thank you 40 “ Thank you very much for the wonderful gift.” – “ …………………” A Good luck B Don’t mention it C Congratulations D You are welcome 41 “ Let’s eat out tonight!” – “…………………” A Ok Why not? B Congratulations C Good luck ! D Yes, I will 42 “ Congratulations on your success!” – “ …………………” A Not at all B Thank you C All right D The same to you 43 “ Goodbye... certainly a smart student.” – Phong: “ ” A Congratulations B I don’t think so C I don’t hope so D Good luck 56 “Don’t forget to come to my party tomorrow ” – “ ” A I don’t B I won’t C.Yes, I will remember D Yes, I won’t 57 “ Have a nice weekend!” – “ Thank you _ ” A Me too B Same to you C The same to you D The same with you 58 “I have some lucky money for you Happy new year” “…………………”... cleaned by somebody everyday 9 People don’t use this road very often A This road is not used very often B Not very often this road is not used C This road very often is not used D This road not very often is used 10 They may use this room for the classroom A This room may use for the classroom B The classroom may be used for this room C They may be used for the classroom D This room may be used for the classroom... education – impression - campus – mate – existence – blame for – creativity – amazing – scary application… -Unit 6: interview – stressful – pressure – vacancy – resume – candidate – letter of application – concentrate on – keenness …… -Unit 8: pessimistic – optimistic – economic depression – wipe out – corporation – threaten – terrorism – burden – be bound to – space-shuttle – be fitted with - corporation……... preposition for each sentence 1 When studying abroad, Mary was very happy to get a phone call _ her parents A to B for C of 2 Why don’t we stay home _ a change? A from/ as B at / with C at / for 3 The only way cross the river is swim A to / to B of / by C on / to 4 The summer is over Pupils and students have to go to school on Monday A back B on C through 5 He threw stones _... region A interaction B promotion C cooperation D stability 9 The wedding day was _chosen by the parents of the groom A careless B carelessly C carefully D careful 10 We are very family All of us have a very close relationship with one another A close-knit B friendly C typical D.strange 11 ,women are responsible for the chores in the house and taking care of the children A On tradition B... forests A Disforestation B Deforestation C Anti-forestation D forests 30 A lot of different conservation efforts have been made to endangered species A save B kills C make D do Conservation is the protection of the _ environment A nature B natural C naturally D naturalize 32 The government _ the flood victims with food, clothes and money A gave B provided C offeredD presented 33 The Games... 23 Why do they talking about money all the time? A keep on B give up C take after D stop by 24 My father gave up smoking two years ago A liked B continued C stopped D enjoyed 25 The government hopes to _ its plans for introducing cable TV A turn out B carry out C carry on D keep on 26 “Please the radio, I can’t concentrate on my work A turn up B turn on C turn off D turn down 27 I was . hasn’t Minh phoned? ” she wondered A. She wondered why Minh hasn’t phoned B. She wondered why Minh didn’t phone C. She wondered why Minh hadn’t phoned D. She wondered why hadn’t Minh phoned 10. “Could. project, _______ we can start the next one. A. The soonest / the sooner B. The soonest / the most soon C. The sooner / the sooner D. The soonest / the soonest X. RELATIVE CLAUSES: ( Mệnh Đề Liên. recording our conversation. A. I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded. B. I didn’t realize that our conversation was being recorded. C. I didn’t realize that our conversation was being