Lợi ích của ATM • Cho phép hội tụ của Voice, Video, dữ liệu trên một mạng chuyển mạch • Tốc độ cao ở cấp độ phần cứng • Băng thông có thể được cấp phát khi cần thiết • Được xác định trước và chất lượng dịch vụ (QoS) và Class of Service (CoS) đảm bảo quản lý • Superior tính năng • Khả năng mở rộng trong tốc độ và quy mô mạng lưới • Dễ tích hợp với các công nghệ khác
Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM 2 Agenda • Introduction • History and Market Dynamics • ATM Technology • ATM Standards • ATM Equipment • Competing Technologies • Xilinx Solutions for ATM • Summary Introduction ATM 4 What is ATM? • ATM stands for Asynchronous Transfer Mode • International networking standard for a high speed switching architecture – Operates at Layer 2 of the OSI-RM • Developed to enable simultaneous Voice, Video, and Data traffic on the same network – Guarantees Quality and Class of Service • ATM is the most popular switching technology in WAN backbone networks ATM 5 Benefits of ATM • Enables convergence of Voice, Video, Data on one network • High speed switching at hardware level • Bandwidth can be allocated as needed • Predefined and guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) and Class of Service (CoS) • Superior management features • Scalability in speed and network size • Ease of integration with other technologies ATM 6 Applications of ATM • ATM workgroup and campus networks • ATM enterprise network consolidation • Multimedia Virtual Private Networks • Frame Relay backbones • Internet backbones • Residential broadband networks (Cable, DSL, ISDN) • Carrier infrastructures for the telephone and private-line networks History and Market Dynamics ATM 8 Need for Network Convergence • Separate Voice network (PSTN) and Data Networks (Frame Relay, SMDS, etc.) • PSTN sometimes used as a data network backbone, but PSTN is circuit switched (voice-optimized) and PSTN- based WAN not efficient • Delay sensitive traffic such as voice not possible on data networks since no guarantee of QoS • Initial attempts to converge data and voice network not too successful, i.e. ISDN ATM 9 History of ATM • ATM was developed in early 80’s as a switching technology for a new Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) network • Anchorage Accord in 1996 declares availability of specs required to implement a multi-service ATM network 1991 - ATM Forum 1980 - Packet research begins at research labs and universities 1989 - 53 Byte Cell 1986 - ITU Adopts approach for B-ISDN 1980 1990 2000 1992 - ATM Forum issues 1st Spec 1993 - ATM Forum adds user committees 1996 - ATM Forum approves the Anchorage Accord ATM 10 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 $M -25% -20% -15% -10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15% (% ) Wo rldwid e ATM Swit ch Revenue ($M) 5350 4125 4350 4900 5500 6000 6350 R eve n ue G r owt h (%) -23% 6% 13% 12% 9% 6% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Source: IDC Jan '02 ATM Today • Worldwide ATM switch market for 2001 was $4.1 Billion • Roughly 80% of Service Providers use ATM in their core networks [...]... Customer Premise ATM 14 NNI NNI UNI ATM Service Switch ATM Switch ATM Edge Node ATM Switching Backbone (WAN) LAN B Customer Premise Fundamental ATM Concept • A virtual or logical connection is established • ATM cells (voice/video/data) are transferred from switch to switch, in sequential order Virtual Connection Voice ATM Cell Video ATM Cell Data ATM Cell ATM Switch ATM Service Switch ATM Edge Node LAN... Channels • ATM Reference Model – ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) and Class of Service – ATM Cell Structure & ATM Layer • UTOPIA Chip-to-chip Interface • ATM/ SONET Internetworking ATM 13 Fundamental ATM Concept • 2 LANs are linked with an ATM Switching Backbone • User-Network Interfaces (UNI) and Network-Network Interfaces (NNI) are specifications for the connections UNI ATM Switch NNI ATM Service Switch ATM Edge.. .ATM Market Drivers • ATM will still have healthy growth for the next few years! – 9% CAGR from 2001 to 2006 • Market will be driven by a few factors – – – – – – ATM 11 Data Services (X.25, Frame Relay and ATM) IP Virtual Private Networks New World Voice CATV 3G Wireless Continued deployment of legacy equipment ATM Technology ATM Technology Topics • Fundamental ATM Concept • Virtual... in the VCI bits of the cell header ATM 16 Virtual Paths and Channels VCC 1 VCC 2 VPC 1 VCC 1 VCC 2 VPC 2 VPC 1 Transmission Path VPC = Virtual Path Connection VCC = Virtual Channel Connection ATM 17 VCC 1 VCC 2 VPC 2 VCC 1 VCC 2 ATM Reference Model • ATM reference model has 2 layers – ATM Adaptation Layer - with convergence and SAR sub-layers – ATM Cell Structure and ATM Layer • Physical Layer - with... Frame Next STS-1 Frame ATM 27 T O H T O H P O H P O H ATM Cell Spans 1st and 2nd Frame Spans across Path Overhead UTOPIA Interface • Universal Test and Operations Physical Interface for ATM (UTOPIA) • Interfaces the ATM layer IC and Physical (PHY) layer IC • Increase in number of ATM chip vendors to creation of 1st UTOPIA spec in 1994 ATM Layer IC PHY Layer IC UTOPIA Interface ATM 28 UTOPIA Interface... are needed to enable migration to ATM multiservice networks – Establishes criteria to ensure interoperability of ATM products and services between current and future specifications ATM 31 ATM Standards • Two categories of ATM standards which are constantly evolving and growing in size – Foundation Standards • ATM base function sets – Application and Service Standards • ATM component operability with other... order Virtual Connection Voice ATM Cell Video ATM Cell Data ATM Cell ATM Switch ATM Service Switch ATM Edge Node LAN A Customer Premise ATM 15 ATM Service Switch ATM Switch ATM Edge Node ATM Switching Backbone (WAN) LAN B Customer Premise Virtual Paths and Channels • ATM applies the concept of circuit switching to data networks to guarantee quality of service • A Virtual Path Connection (VPC) is a logical,... Class C/D control at higher-layer protocols ATM 21 ATM Cell • ATM breaks up streams of data, video, and voice into fixed size units called “cells” • A fixed size cell allows switching decisions to be done at the hardware level • Hardware Level switching implies high speed! • ATM networks switch and multiplex all information using these fixed length cells ATM 22 ATM Cell Structure 48-octet User Data GFC... Integrated Interswitch Signaling Protocol • IISP - Interim Interswitch Signaling Protocol Application & Service Standards • FUNI - Frame UNI • FR /ATM - Frame Relay over ATM • SMDS /ATM - SMDS over ATM • LANE - Local Area Network Emulation • MPOA - Multiprotocol over ATM ATM 34 • AMS - Audiovisual Multimedia Services • API - Application Program Interface • CES - Circuit Emulation Services • DXI - Data Exchange... Sublayer • Medium dependent functions like bit transfer, bit alignment, OEO ATM 25 ATM/ SONET Internetworking • ATM cells are transported over long distances via SONET or SDH • Mapping and Delineation of cells into a SONET/SDH frame is done by the PHY layer’s TC sublayer • Cell switching is not done by SONET equipment ATM 26 ATM Cell Mapping into SONET Frame • Cells are mapped row-wise into the frame . Backbone (WAN) ATM Switch ATM Switch ATM Service Switch ATM Service Switch LAN A LAN B Customer Premise ATM Edge Node ATM Edge Node ATM 16 Virtual Paths and Channels • ATM applies the. Channels • ATM Reference Model – ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) and Class of Service – ATM Cell Structure & ATM Layer • UTOPIA Chip-to-chip Interface • ATM/ SONET Internetworking ATM 14 Fundamental ATM. Mode ATM 2 Agenda • Introduction • History and Market Dynamics • ATM Technology • ATM Standards • ATM Equipment • Competing Technologies • Xilinx Solutions for ATM • Summary Introduction ATM 4 What