Sustainable tourism development Cu lao Cham case study

TRNG I HC M TP.HCM UNIVERSITÉ LIBRE DE BRUXELLES HOCHIMINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY SOLVAY BRUSSELS SCHOOL MBAVB4 NGUYN HOÀNG THY MASTER PROJECT MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (PART-TIME) HOCHIMINH CITY (2011) Page [i] DECLARATION I hereby certify that this final project represents my own work, and that all material and sources used in its preparation are properly acknowledged. I do not copy in whole or in part the work of other students and/or persons for this project Signature: NGUYN HOÀNG THY ___________________________ Date: November 27 th , 2011 Page [ii] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A gratitude to my tutor, Dr. Nguyn c Trí for his invaluable advices and recommendations on this work. My loving thanks to my parents, my sister and Nguyn Hng Viên – my „petit’ gentleman – for the joyous moments shared. My heartfelt acknowledgements particularly to my Mom, from whom I learnt the courage of overcoming difficulties, anytime, anywhere. Page [iii] ABSTRACT Sustainable tourism development concept is known by many, done by just few destinations. Even at well-managed destinations, sustainability is sometimes neglected. Absence of implementation know-how, the concept is just simply obsolete although formal measures might be taken at high responsible obligations. Cu Lao Cham (Cham archipelago) is the newest destination in Vietnam, awaken to tourism thanks to its beauty and wild natural environment. Over 43,000 visitors arriving to this destination in 2010, emerging merely from 20,000 two years earlier, turn this place into one of the “must see” destinations for its beauty and wild natural environment. Landcrabs, protected creature forbidden from capture, however can be found easily at local food stalls along the beach. Coral reefs – the rain forest of the sea protected by orders, may not be saved from scuba diving, snorkelling, anchoring and fuel wasted from tourist boats. Quiet rural life of local inhabitants may be influenced by tourists‟ hustling demands. By studying about sustainable tourism development and analysing current situations of tourism development in Cu Lao Cham, this study will answer the two questions: 1. Why is sustainable tourism development important? 2. How should sustainable tourism be developed appropriately? Page [iv] TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS II ABSTRACT III TABLE OF CONTENT IV GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS VI LIST OF FIGURES VII LIST OF TABLES VIII LIST OF MAPS VIII CHAPTER 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 RATIONALE OF THE STUDY 1 1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 2 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 2 1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 2 1.5 STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY 3 CHAPTER 2 4 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 2.1 BACKGROUND OF SUSTAINABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 4 2.2 SUSTAINABILITY TERMINOLOGY 5 2.2.1 Sustainable Development 5 2.2.2 Sustainable Tourism 9 2.2.3 Sustainable Tourism Development 11 2.3 PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 12 2.4 SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK 17 2.5 DESTINATION LIFE CYCLE 20 Page [v] CHAPTER 3 23 RESEARCH METHOD 23 3.1 THE CASE STUDY METHOD 23 3.2 DATA COLLECTION 24 CHAPTER 4 26 PRESENTATION OF THE CASE STUDY 26 4.1 INTRODUCTION OF CU LAO CHAM 26 4.1.1 Nature conditions 26 4.1.2 Socio-economic conditions 27 4.1.3 Tourism attractiveness 28 4.2 PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS 32 4.2.1 Economic Situation 32 4.2.2 Social Situation 36 4.2.3 Environmental and Resource Situation 38 4.3 TOURISM IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION 39 CHAPTER 5 55 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 55 5.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS REVISITED 55 5.2 LIMITATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCHES 56 REFERENCES 57 APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2 APPENDIX 3 Page [vi] GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS CLC Cu Lao Cham (Cù Lao Chàm – Cham archipelago) CREST Centre for Responsible Travel ECPAT End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites IISD International Institute for Sustainable Development IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature MPA Marine Protected Area UN United Nations UN CSD United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNWTO United Nations World Tourism Organization VNAT Vietnam National Administration of Tourism VND Vietnam Dong WCED World Commission on Environment and Development WTTC World Travel and Tourism Council Page [vii] LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Triple Bottom Line concept of sustainable development Figure 2.2 Illustrations of the Triple Bottom Line Figure 2.3 Russian Doll Model or Three Pillar Model Figure 2.4 Theory, reality and change needed to balance the 3pillars of SD Figure 2.5 Terms describing types of “responsible” service or product offered Figure 2.6 The “magic pentagon” of sustainable tourism Figure 2.7 Prism of sustainability Figure 2.8 Model of sustainable tourism values and principles Figure 2.9 Destination life cycle model Figure 4.1 Cu Lao Cham tourist development during 1990-2010 Figure 4.2 Fees applied to diving activities in CLC and its allocation mechanism Figure 4.3 Visiting fee to CLC and its allocation mechanism Figure 4.4 Earnings from homestay services in total household income structure Figure 4.5 CLC income development during 1999-2010 Figure 4.6 Demonstration of leakage of revenues from tourism activities Figure 4.7 Tourism revenues of local community vs. outsiders during 1999-2010 Page [viii] LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Definitions of sustainable tourism Table 2.2 Vietnam‟s Agenda 21 – Principles for sustainable development Table 2.3 Guiding principles for sustainable development Table 3.1 Relevant situations for different research strategies Table 4.1 Cu Lao Cham potential tourist attractions Table 4.2 Fishing capacity of Cu Lao Cham inhabitants in 2005 vs. 2010 LIST OF MAPS Map 4.1 Cu Lao Cham, Quang Nam Province, Central Vietnam Map 4.2 Tourism zoning and tourist attractions in Cu Lao Cham [...]... gives discusses about case study method and secondary data which are primarily applied throughout the study Chapter 4: Presentation of the Case Study Cu Lao Cham is the selected case for this study Throughout this chapter, detailed information about Cu Lao Cham and its recent achievements in developing sustainable tourism are presented Additionally, the possible negative impacts of tourism development. .. reaffirm the importance of sustainable tourism development and its applicability at host destinations, Cu Lao Cham particularly 2 To propose ideas that would mitigate the negative impacts of tourism on the environment and socio-economic life of Cu Lao Cham inhabitants, in order to secure its path to sustainable tourism development CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Page [3] 1.5 Structure of the study Structure of the... Definitions of Sustainable Tourism 2.2.3 Sustainable Tourism Development Murphy (1998), who conceded sustainable development a complex and multidimensional concept, believed that a definition for sustainable development in relation to tourism needs to reflect this complexity and multi-dimensional nature; thus proposed sustainable tourism development definition the management of all resources upon which tourism. .. of data presented are from own experiences and observation during recent trips to Cu Lao Cham CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHOD Page [26] CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION OF THE CASE STUDY 4.1 Introduction of Cu Lao Cham 4.1.1 Nature conditions Cu Lao Cham (Cù Lao Chàm Cham archipelago) is located approximately 18km easterly offshore Cua Dai Beach, Tan Hiep Commune, Hoi An Town, Quang Nam Province, Central Vietnam... biodiversity It is essential for Cu Lao Cham to learn and prevent the consequences of mass tourism development that have caused to other destinations Sustainable tourism CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Page [2] the alternative form of mass tourism must be examined and applied Otherwise Cu Lao Cham particularly or Vietnam destination generally will not progress through the development and consolidation stages... tourism is commercially exploited as well 1.3 Research questions This study, based on the analysis of current situations when developing tourism in Cu Lao Cham, will answer two major research questions: 1 Why is sustainable tourism development important? 2 How should sustainable tourism be developed appropriately? 1.4 Research objectives To answer the research questions mentioned previously, this study. .. Structure of the chapters contained within this study is presented as follows Chapter 2: Literature Review This chapter introduces the background of sustainability, sustainable development and provides further debates on the three terms sustainable development, sustainable tourism and sustainable tourism development Principles and frameworks for sustainable development, theory on destination life cycle... Significance of the study This study is a contribution to Vietnamese researches about sustainable tourism development topic It will provide a consolidation of related theories and propositions how to mitigate the negative impacts of tourism development on the society, economy and environment of the host destinations These mitigations can be applicable to the planning and management of not only Cu Lao Cham itself,... (1997) Model of Sustainable Tourism Values and Principles (Figure 2.8) This model is based upon the core concept of sustainable development the integration of environmental and resource, social and economic goals in such a way that no one is given preference over the other in order to represent the intrinsic components of sustainable tourism development Figure 2.8: Model of Sustainable Tourism Values... from the prior development of theoretical (Yin, 2009) There are four types of designs for case studies: single case (holistic), single case (embedded), multiple -case (holistic) and multiple -case (embedded) In which, single case design, whether holistic or embedded is considered eminently justifiable only when the case represents: 1 a critical test of existing theory, 2 a rare or unique circumstance, 3 . sustainable tourism development and analysing current situations of tourism development in Cu Lao Cham, this study will answer the two questions: 1. Why is sustainable tourism development important?. discusses about case study method and secondary data which are primarily applied throughout the study. Chapter 4: Presentation of the Case Study Cu Lao Cham is the selected case for this study. . strategies Table 4.1 Cu Lao Cham potential tourist attractions Table 4.2 Fishing capacity of Cu Lao Cham inhabitants in 2005 vs. 2010 LIST OF MAPS Map 4.1 Cu Lao Cham, Quang Nam Province,