solutions advanced students book

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pl1 Discussion Vocabulary: Phrases for reacting to an opposing view (Ihof's o fair point, I suppose But in my view, etc )

6 ) R e a c t i n g t o a n o p p o s i n g v i e w

p21 Photo comparison Vocabulary: Phrasal verbs (h1ng out with, kick sb out, etc) Vocabulary: Verb-noun collocations (skip school, etc)

G r a m m a r : S p e c u l a t i n g

f i D e s c r i b i n g p h o t o s o f h o m e l e s s p e o p l e

p33 Negotiation

V o c a b u l a r y : C o m p a r a t i v e p h r a s e s Dictionary work: Finding Vocabulary: Phrases for negoti ating (l'll go atong with thot, hove

out about verb patterns we come to a decision? eIc.)

6i Talking about the relative merits of different caf6s

Inversion when f omitted

as long as, supposing,

Adverbs and reported speech

Conveying tone and

e m 0 t i o n

Reporting speech without

using precise words spoken

e t c )

A film review

U s i n g p a r t i c i p l e c l a u s e s t o i m p r o v e s t y l e

V o c a b u l a r y : A s p e c t s o f f i l m s (so u n dtra ck, sc re e n p lay, etc.)

V o c a b u l a r y : A d l e c t i v e s t o d e s c r i b e e m o t i o n a l states (perplexed, remorseful, d isi llusi on ed, etc.)

D i c t i o n a r y w o r k : F i n d i n g s y n o n y m s

V o c a b u l a r y : A d j e c t i v e s d e s c r i b i n g f i l m s ( l o w budget, wackv, x-roted, etc-)

V o c a b u l a r y : M o d i f y i n g a d v e r b s w i t h g r a d a b l e / non-grada ble ad jectives (extre m e ly, fo i rly, etc.)

D e s c r i b i n g a p l a c e

S t y l e : U s i n g m o r e e l a b o r a t e v o c a b u l a r y Vocabutary: Synonyms (interestin g, coptivoti ng, 9ri ppi ng, fasci nati ng, etc.)

i : i :

t : L : r t , t , - I I Topic sentences Vocabulary: neither- nor, either or, not only , but olso, etc.

V o c a b u l a r y : A d j e c t i v e s f o r d e s c r i b i n g p l a c e s (bustli n g, touristy, sprowli ng, etc.)

D i c t i o n a r y w o r k : D e p e n d e n t p r e p o s i t i o n s ( 1 ) (renowned for, reminiscent of, etc.)

Vocabulary: Speculating (lt's bound to hoppen, there's no chance of it happening, etc.)

p43 Discussion Urban change

O Tatking about pLanned changes to a town centre Vocabulary: Expressing opinions (Ihol3 how I see it, to

my mind, etc,)

p55 Presentation Functional phrases Vocabulary: Changing the subject; Acknowledging an opposing

v i e w ; D i s m i s s i n g a n o p p o s i n g v i e w ; R e f e r r i n g t o s o m e t h i n g s a i d earlier

f) Listening to a presentation

p65 Photo comparlson Vocabulary: Synonyms of prize (award, reword, trophy, etc.) Vocabulary: ldioms for expressingjoy (over the moon, thrilled to bits, jumping for ioy, etc.)

Vocabulary: Concession and counter-argument (all the same, granted, mind you, etc.)

O S p e c u l a t i n g a b o u t a p h o t o

p77 Presentation Eco-friendly tourism

fl Listening to presentations Vocabulary: Expressions for describing benefits and drawbacks (hove a detrimental effect, of mutuol benefit, etc.)

Vocabulary: Expressing cause, purpose and result (/ead to, etc.) Vocabulary: Generalising (to o gredt ertent, by ond lorge, etc.)

p87 Stimulus-based discussion VocabuLary: Phrases for describing statistics, graphs and charts VocabuLary: Verbs for describinglends (rocketed, slumped, etc.) Vocabulary: Phrases for giving estimates (in the region of, elc.) 5l Talking about different kinds of chart

p99 Drawing conclusions

V o c a b u l a r y : P h r a s e s f o r d r a w i n g l o g i c a l c o n c l u s i o n s Vocabulary: Vague language

a m i a b i I ity, trustuvo rth i n ess, etc.) Vocabulary: Word families

, ' l i

Styte: Adverbs, adjectives, etc.

Vocabulary: Adverbs and adverb phrases (type and position)

Vocabulary: Order of adjectives Vocabulary: Reporting verbs (groan, etc.) Grammar: Punctuating reported speech

Appropriate style Correct layout Vocabulary: FormaI language Q trustyou will ensure, we regret to inform you, etc.)

R e c o m m e n d i n g l o c a l m u s i c v e n u e s a n d restau rants

Layout of a report

V o c a b u l a r y : P e r i p h r a s i s a n d e u p h e m i s m

Vocabulary: Phrases for introductions Grammar: Passive structures with believe, consider, etc.

V o c a b u l a r y : A d i e c t i v e - n o u n c o l l o c a t i o n s

W r i t i n g a g o o d c o n c l u s i o n

V o c a b u L a r y : R o u n d u p o f u s e f u l p h r a s e s and linkers (lt would be hard to deny thot, moreover, etc )

Vocabulary: Linkers for addition (opart from,along with, to boot, etc.)

S t y l e : l J s i n g s t y l i s t i c a L l y a p p r o p r i a t e l a n g u a g e (o d m itted ly, c u rre ntly, i n con ceiva b le, etc )

f ) E x p r e s s i n g o p i n i o n s

V o c a B U I A R Y B u ! f { r F P D 1 3 1

AND THE COMMON EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK

SkiltsRound-up

1 - 1 0

Listening

8 2 u n d e r s t a n d e x t e n d e d d i s c u s s i o n s o n fa m i l i a r t o p i c s a n d id e n t i f y s p e a k e r v i e w p o i n t s 1 A , 1 B , 7 F , 2 A ,

2 F , 3 A , 8 A

8 2 understand and react to current affairs radio programmes 1C

8 2 follow complex lines of argument on familiar topics 3F

8 2 understand detailed and linguistically complex descriptive and narrative passages 2C, 5A, 8F

c1 follow extended speech even when it is not clearly structured 2C, 4A,5F,7F,9F

c 1 understand a wide range of broadcast material and identify finer points of detail 3C, 4C, 6C,7C,9C,

10c

Reading

8 2 scan quickly through long and complex texts, locating relevant detail 1D, 2D

8 2 read reviews dealing with the content and criticism of cultural topics and summarise the main views.

2 G

8 2 u n d e r s t a n d m a g a z i n e a r t i c l e s a b o u t c u r r e n t i s s u e s i n w h i c h w r i t e r s a d o p t p a r t i c u l a r v i e w p o i n t s 3 D

8 2 understand factual articles and reports !D,4E,6E

c 1 understand long and complex factual and literary texts 2D, 4D, 6D, 7D, 9D, 10D

c 1 read reports, analyses and commentaries where opinions and viewpoints are discussed 5D, 8D, 9G,

8 2 develop a clear argument, supporting my views at some length with relevant examples !t,28,2F,3A

c 1 engage in conversation on most general topics 30, 4C, 6A,7C,9A, 98

Writing s description of an event

Match the expressions (1-10) with the synonymous wordsand expressions in the box

a l l t h e t i m e f i n a l l y f o r n o w i m m e d i a t e l yoccasionally never never-ending repeatedlythen very soon

2 W h a t o t h e r s i t u a t i o n s m i g h t

c a u s e s i m i l a r e m o t i o n s ?

3 What are your own memories

of your first day at school?

o.N Vocabulary Builder 1.1: Prefixes: p.131

2 O f.Of Listen to four speakers tatking about aspects of

their childhood Choose the topic which best matches each

fears and anxieties

special occasions (birthdays, festivals, etc.)

3 O f Of Complete the phrases the speakers use with the

words in the box Listen again and check

call evocative hindsight ingrained picture

recall recoIlection reminisce traumatic

W o r k in p a i r s D i s c u s s t h e s e q u e s t i o n s

1 W h a t p h y s i c a l a n d m e n t a l t r a i t s c a n b e i n h e r i t e d ?

2 W h a t p h y s i c a l a n d m e n t a l t r a i t s c a n o n t y b e a q u i r e d ?

2 S) r.OZ In pairs, complete the quiz questions using the

words in the box, then choose the correct answers Listen

and check.

b a s e s c h r o m o s o m e s c o d e g e n o m e h e t i x t r a i t

1 D N A i s o f t e n d e s c r i b e d a s th e 'd o u b l e - ' b e c a u s e :

a e v e r y c e l l c o n t a i n s t w o g e n e s

b its structure is arranged in pairs.

c there are two different kinds of DNA.

Study these sentences Underline the verb forms for talking about habitual behaviour Match the sentences with a-h in the chart below.

6 My brother is forever borrowing my clothes.

7 My grandfather would insist on driving without a seatbelt.

8 | u s u a l l y t i k e th e s a m e m u s i c a s m y d a d

past present

n e u t r a l a_ D_ d_

expressingdisapproval

N { : i i i t x $ t a i $ i r i i t l * r i t ; } ; l i l i i l r i q t i ; , \ i l t t i i l , ' r i i r i i r , , i i r - t i s r t s : i r i i i i

F|IfilKIIICl Work in pairs Think of five examples of thingswhich a family member often does or often used to do Thente[[ your partner, using as many different verb forms aspossible from exercise 6

P r e p a r e a n in t e r v i e w f o r y o u r p a r t n e r a b o u t m e n t a l o r

p h y s i c a t t r a i t s i n h e r i t e d f r o m p a r e n t s o r g r a n d p a r e n t s U s ethe tist from exercise 3 to write six questions and try toinclude expressions from exercise 4

' , t i i , i , i t , iir r t ' l i llll - , ; , ] i r , l ' a i r r r , r { t I , I i , r i i ' i l

Work in pairs Take turns to be A and B

Work in pairs Lool< at excerpts 1-5 and match them with the

works of English literature (a-e) from which they are taken.

Which words gave you the clues?

To speke of phisik and of surgerye,

For he was grounded in astronomye.'

a Beowulf, an epic poem composed by an unknown author

s o m e t i m e b e t w e e n 8 0 0 a n d 1 2 0 0

b The Canterbury Toles, a collection of stories written in the

foufteenth century by the poet Geoffrey Chaucer

c Romeo and luliet, a ptay by Witliam Shakespeare, written

around 7594

d Great Expectations, a novel by Charles Dickens, written

i n 1 8 6 0

e The Crow Road, a novel by lain Banks, written in 1992

$ f O+ Listen to a radio programme about the origins of

the English language What are the three main phases in its

history? Complete the terms

1 O- Engtish (also known as Anglo-Saxon)

2 M- English

3 M - E n g t i s h

f) f O+ Listen again Complete each sentence with up to

three words

1 Before the fifth century, the inhabitants of Britain spoke

various Le\ttc \angvagn

B A Canadian invention

C An all-American sport

Cooperstowninl8Sg'Theon|yevidenceforthis.wasthetestimony

5 Match the highlighted adverbs in the text with theirequivalents

proh ibited from taking

a firmly b rigorously c strictty

ln 7997, twenty ex-East German swimming coaches

a freshly b tatety c newly

8 Today, while the vast majority of people are opposed to the use of drugs in sport, detection

-r e m a i n s a r e a l p r o b l e m f o r th e g o v e r n i n g b o d i e s

a staunchly b securely c steadilyFiiIIJKIlfd Discuss the question in groups Thencompare your ideas with the class

l f y o u c o u l d ' u n - i n v e n t ' o n e s p o r t s o th a t i t n o [o n g e r

e x i s t e d , w h i c h w o u l d y o u choose, a n d w h y ?

R e a d t h e t e x t a n d e x p l a i n t h e q u e s t i o n i n t h e t i t t e T h e n s u m

u p t h e a n s w e r t h e t e x t g i v e s

Why do some peopte back down when faced with a threat,

while others stand up to it? When given a difficutt task, why

do some people see it through, white others give up? lt att

comes down to personality But where does that come from?

Some scientists believe that most traits are inherited Others

take the opposite view: personality, they say, is formed by our

environment and parents do not pass it on to their children.

The truth is probably somewhere in between Some traits

are ctearty determined by your environment: whatever your

genetic background, if you grow up in Sweden, you'[[ probabty

speak Swedish, On the other hand, when it comes to traits

like the colour of your eyes or your blood type, it is clear that

genetics alone accounts for them There are also traits which

are partly inherited but partly shaped by environment your

weight, and even your height and skin colour, are examples.

Of course, genetics and the environment together are not the

full picture Your free will - your abitity to take decisions - is

also a factor in shaping your identity, but how big a factor?

You'tl have to make your own mind up about thatl

- Read the Learn this! box below and match one, two or three

examples (a-h) with each type.

f Don't forget to take offyour shoes.

g How can you put up with that noise?

1 Two-part verbs with no object Example(s):

2 Two-part verbs whose object can come between OR after the two parts (However, when the oblect is a

T h e s a m e is t r u e fo r in f i n i t i v e s t r u c t u r e s u n l e s s t h e o h r a s a l

v e r b b e l o n g s t o t y p e 2 Jane is not easy to get on with I need to look it up in a

1 2 3

Most people would agree that human behaviour is made oFnp Lrp of a mixture of genetics and environment The question is: can we break down it into its constituent parts and decide which influence is stronger in certain situations? It's an intriguing question, and one which will certainly have important consequences for our society if the scientists who have been looking it into for many years suddenly come with up a definitive answer For example, if drug addiction turns out to be largely genetic, can we blame a heroin addict for not being able to give up it? If a man is destined to be a criminal because of his DNA, is it morally right to punish him for his crimes, or should society allow him to get them away with?

Calculating the relative importance of genetics and environment is difficult, but in some situations,

it is possible to work out it Of particular interest

to researchers are identical twins who have been brought in different families up It's the differences between these twins which provide the key: only their environments can account them for because identical twins share exactly the same DNA.

-

U n i t i B e g i n n i n g s

t h e p o i n t s f r o m e x e r c i s e 4 a n d y o u r o w n id e a s C o m p a r e

y o u r list with your partner.

Designer babies will lead to a healthier and happier population.

W o r l < i n n e w p a i r s o f o n e S t u d e n t A a n d o n e

S t u d e n t B D i s c u s s t h e s t a t e m e n t i n e x e r c i s e 6 U s e

e x p r e s s i o n s f r o m e x e r c i s e 5 t o r e a c t t o o p p o s i n g p o i n t s

j w

Look at the adiectives for describing emotionaI states and

f i n d p a i r s w i t h s i m i l a r m e a n i n g s T h e n s a y w h e n y o u m i g h t

experience these states.

affioyd apprehensive baffled disenchanted

disillusioned eager elated enthusiastic iritated

Use synonyms (words with the same meaning) to avoid

repetition A good dictionary may provide information

a b o u t s y n o n y m s

Read the writing tip Then look at the extract from the Oxford

Advanced Leorner's Dictionary and answer the questions betow

angry feeling or showing anger: Please don't be ongry

with me o Thousonds oJ ongry demonstrutots Iilled the

sQuore

mad [not before nounl (informal, especiolly NAnE) angry:

He got mod and walked out o She's mad at me for being

late EEE3 Mad istheusual word for'angry' in informal

American English When used in British English,

especially in the phrase go mad,ilcan mean 'very angry':

Dad'll go mad when he sees whot you've done 'Go mad'

can also mean 'go crazy'or'get very excited'

i n d i g n a n t f e e l i n g o r s h o w i n g a n g e r a n d s u r p r i s e

because you think that you or sb else has been treated

unfairly: She was very indignant at the way she had been

treoted

cross (rothet inlormal, espetially Br8 rather angry or

annoyed: I was quite cross with him lor being late f,EE

This word is olten used by or to children

irate very angry: irote customers o an irate letterFllfl

lrate is not usually followed by a preposition: Srhe$€J

im+e-with nekboati+

Which of the four synonym s of angry are you most likely to use

1 if you're six years old?

2 if you're from New York?

3 i f y o u ' r e d e s c r i b i n g u n f a i r t r e a t m e n t ?

4 if you're describing an extreme feeting?

Rewrite the sentences using synonyms to avoid repetition.

Use a dictionary to help you, if necessary.

1 The room was very large with very large windows.

6 your first day at work

7 your first visit to a large city

8 the day you got your first petYou have been asked to write an article for your schoolmagazine Follow the plan below to describe one of theevents that you chose in exercise 4

W h e n a n d w h e r e d i d it h a p p e n ? H o w o l d w e r e y o u ?

W h o e l s e w a s t h e r e ?

W h a t a r e y o u r s t r o n g e s t m e m o r i e s ? W h a t h a p p e n e d ?How did you feel?

Check your work using the list below.

EHnn I

R e a d t h e d e f i n i t i o n a n d th i n k o f

a r g u m e n t s f o r a n d a g a i n s t c l o n i n g

i klJon; NAmt kloan! noun, verb

noun 1 tbtology't a plant or an animal rhat is produced

naturally or artificially from the cells of another plant or

animal and is therefore exactly the same as it

t verb lvrtl 1 to produce an exact copy of an animal or a

plant from its cells: A team from the UK were the first to

successfully clone an animal o Dolly, the cloned sheep

Look quickly through the text in the Reading exam task,

ignoring the gaps What two arguments in favour of cloning

are implied by the text? Do you agree with them?

Do the Reading exam task

Read the text carefully and decide which sentence (A-F)

best fits each gap (1-5) There is one sentence that you

d o n o t n e e d

just like your last one

Snuppy: the first cloned dog in the world

A Californian dog-lover has agreed to pay $1 50,000 to have

her dead pit bull recreated in the world's first commercial pet

cloning project 1 ! South Korean scientists will now use the

tissue to attempt to create an exact replica of the pet

RNL Bio, based in Seoul, said it is already working on the

order The work will be carried out by a team of Seoul National

University (SNU) scientists under the direction of professor

Lee Byeong-chun, a key member of the research team headed

by disgraced stem cell scientist Hwang Woo-suk '! Aut

the SNU team was successful in creating the world's first dog

clone, an Afghan hound named 'Snuppy'

Bernann McKunney is the American woman who really misses

h e r d e a d d o g ' I S p e c i f i c b r e e d s o f p i t b u l l a r e b a n n e d o r

restricted in several countries including the UK, New Zealand

and Canada, but not in the USA

Cho Seong-ryul, RNL's marketing director, said the company's

success rate for producing dogs by cloning was high with

around one out of wery four surrogate mother dogs producing

cloned puppies a l_.lThe scientists and Mrs McKunney are

Look at the photo of Fran kenstein below Discuss the q uestions

1 What do you know about the story?

2 How does it portray science and scientists?

Do the Use of English exam task

Mony people regord fie posibility

of humon clones r- horror ond see il os o sign ftol scienlific progress is spirolling '-

of control Although this initiol revulsion is underslondoble, il is perhops toking things

'- on exlreme Afler oll,

6 Do the Speaking exam task

Read the following statement Do you agree or disagree

w i t h it ? D i s c u s s t h e is s u e w i t h y o u r p a r t n e r , r e s p o n d i n g t oany counter-arguments they have

T h e c l o n i n g o f h u m a n s s h o u l d n e v e r b e a l l o w e d

l 0

Complete the text Write one word only in each gap

T H I S U N I T I 1 { C t U D E S O '

Vocabulary compound adiectives compound nouns verb'noun/adjective noun collocations phrasal verbs

aspects of films adjectives describing films modifying adverbs

Gnmmar Iike, unlike and os narrative tenses simple and continuous forms speculating

Speaklng 16 11;n* ubout characters in films and books talking about TV viewi ng habits reacting to literary texts

Writing s film review

1 6i 1.07 Listen t o t h r e e p e o p l e d e s c r i b i n g t h e k i n d o f fi l m s

they like What aspects of the fitms do they particularly [ike?

ryrrefi@grytn

2 f) f OZ Complete the compound adiectives that the

speakers use with the words in the box Then listen again

and check

a c t i o n t i m e e n g i n e e r e d h e a r t c o o l m a n m o v i n g

narrow raising run self witted

How many compound adiectives can you make using theadjectives and nouns below? How many more can you addusing different adiectives and nouns?

b i g b r o a d c o l d e m p t y b t o o d e y e d h a i r h a n d

f a i r k i n d l o n g n a r r o w h e a d h e a r t t e g m i n d

s i n g l e t h i n w i d e s h o u t d e r s k i nRewrite the text by replacing the underlined words withcompound adiectives You may need to make other changes.0f Mice and Men ir a novel b1 tha Nobet ?riza-r^rinninq authorJohn itarnbeck

Of Mice and Men is a novel by the author JohnSteinbeck, who won the Nobel Prize It is set in1930s California and is the story of two migrantfarm workers, George Milton and Lennie SmaII

George thinks quickl)' and has a kind heart, andlooks after his friend Lennie Small, who is like achild and has a simple mind Physically they aredifferent too; George is small, with a slim build

while Lennie is tall and his shoulders are broad

They share a dream that one day they will owntheir own ranch But it all goes wrong when Lennieaccidentally kills someone The ending breaks )'ourheart, as George kills Lennie in order to save himfrom a lynch mob The novel only has 100 pages, but

it is a fantastic read

6 Work in pairs Think of someone or somethingthat can be described using the compound adiectives below.Explain why they can be described like this

-Which adjectives in exercise 2 can be used to describe:

a character? b aspects of fitms?

a t T Y a r c h i l c i r u t

What's on the box?

1 Complete the text with appropriate words Write one word

only in each gap

too rhollenging

Discuss this question: Should parents restrict theamount of TV their children watch? justify your opinions

O f OA Listen to three people discussing television What

reasons for watching TV do they mention? Choose from:

boredom relaxation escapism filling time

self-education getting news sociaI activity

satisfying curiosity and general interest seeking advice

cultural and aesthetic enjoyment family activity

Complete the questions with the words in the box Use the

correct form ofthe verbs

p o r t r a y rubbish set slushy unwind we[[-drawn

e The stories are fascinating, - are the characters

f - H e r o e s , l o s t i s s e t in th e re a l w o r l d

Read the Learn this! box Match gaps 1-6 with the sentences(a-D from exercise 6

like, unlike and as

We can use like or as to describe similarities

7 l i k e i s a p r e p o s i t i o n a n d c o m e s b e f o r e a n o u n o r

o r o n o u n You're like a child!

2 a s i s a c o n i u n c t i o n a n d c o m e s b e f o r e a c l a u s e(subject and verb / auxiliary).

She's scared, os we oll are

3 We often use llke as a conjunction instead of as lt'sless formal

He fooled me, like he fooled everybody 3

-4 We sometimes invert the subject and verb after as(but never after like)

He's tall, os is his fother

We use the preposition unlike to describe differencesUnlike you, I love Americon comedies 5 -

ln very informal speech, we can use be + like to

I a : l r i r i i l f l ' f l , t t q n / " 1 t ' t 1 t ' ( ( t

l a i t .\trti(l h i t r , , ll,1y

Read the definition of the 'Great American Dream' To what

extent do you betieve that the dream is (a) admirable and (b)

achievable?

The Great American Dream is the belief that every citizen can

achieve prosperity and happiness through their own efforts

and abilities, irrespective of class or race.

Complete the text with the correct form of the words in

brackets.

A r t h u r M i [ [ e r ( 1 9 1 5 - 2 0 0 5 ) i suniversatly recognised as one of thegreatest '_ (DRAMA) of thetwentieth century Mi[te/s fatherhad emigrated to the USA fromAustria-Hungary, drawn like so manyothers by the 'Great American Dream'

However, he experienced severe '_ (FINANCE) hardship

when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression

of the early 1930s

Mitte/s most famous ptay, Death of a Salesman, is a

powerful attack on the American system, with its aggressive

business tactics and its '_ (INSIST) on money and

social status as 4_ (INDICATE) of worth In WiLty

Loman, the hero of the ptay, we see a man who has fatten

foul of this system WiLty is'burnt out'and in the ruthless

world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he

can't do the work, then he is no qood to his

5-(EMPLOY), the Wagner Company, and he must go WitLy is

u- (PAIN)

aware of this and bewildered at his lack of

success He hides behind a smokescreen of [ies and t

(PRETEND) to disguise the fact to himself and others that

he has fai[ed

When it was first staged in !949, the ptay was greeted

with 8- (ENTHUSE) reviews, and it won numerous

n- (PRESTIGE)

titerary awards However, Mitle/s viewsattracted the attention of the Un-American Activities

Committee, which had been set up to investigate American

artists suspected of having communist sympathies Mitter

was found to_ (GUILT) by the UAAC of undermining

the American way of [ife The verdict was, however, later

overturned and Mi[[er went on to write over fifty ptays

Make collocations with the words below Use verbs for 7-4

and adjectives for 5-8 Find them in the text.

Make new collocations Match 1-8 in exercise 3 with the verbs and adiectives below Choose three and write sentences.

a reach c cause

b serve on d draw

g coveted

h c o n s i d e r a b l e Glossary

s h o u l d e r = side o f th e ro a d

S t u d e b a k e r = a make o f c a n arch supports = things you put in shoes to five support and comfort

w i n d s h i e l d = car window

Q f Of Read the glossary, then listen to the opening

of Death of o Salesman Why does Willy arrive home late? Choose the correct answer.

1 D o y o u fe e l s y m p a t h y f o r W i l t y a n d L i n d a ? W h y ? / W h y n o t ?

2 l s t h e r e s i m i l a r p r e s s u r e o n b u s i n e s s p e o p l e t o s u c c e e d i n your country?

3 To what extent do you believe that your future prosperity

2 Read the extract from Lord of the Flies by William Golding,

ignoring the gaps Answer the questions

8 What possession of Piggy's did Jack break?

9 Who hetps Piggy to find his glasses?

1 0 W h a t d o e s J a c k a p o l o g i s e f o r ?

t Match the sentences (a-h) with the gaps (1-7) in the

extract There is one sentence that you do not need

4 fxplain in your own words these sentences from the text

1 The dismal truth was filtering through to everybody

on a desert island, following a plane crash, and are waiting to be rescued.

In this extract Jack and Ralph, strong characters who both want to be leader of the group, come into conflict.

I Ralph flung back his hair One arm pointed at theempty horizon His voice was loud and savage, andstruck them into silence

'There was a ship.'

s Jack, faced at once with too many awful implications,ducked away from them He laid a hand on the pigand drew his knife Ralph brought down his arm, fistclenched, and his voice shook

'There was a ship Out there! You said you'd keep the

10 fire going and you let it out!'He took a step towardsJack, who turned and faced him

't ! We might have gone home - 'This was too bitter for Piggy, who forgot his timidity

in the agony of his loss He began to cry out, shrilly:rs'You and your blood, Jack MerridewlYou and yourhunting! We might have gone home -'

Ralph pushed Piggy on one side

'I was chief; and you were going to do what I said Youtalk But you can't even build huts - then you go off

ro hunting and let out the fire -'

H e t u r n e d a w a y , s i l e n t f o r a m o m e n t 'I' T h e r e w a s a s h i p -'

One of the smaller hunters began to wail.r The dismaFtruth was filtering through to everybody Iack wentr5 very red as he hackedr and pulled at the pig.

'The job was too much We needed everyone.'Ralph turned

U n i t 2 S t o r i e s

'You could have had everyone when the shelters were

finished But you had to hunt -'

30'We needed meat.'

Jack stood as he said this, the bloodied knife in his

hand The two boys faced each other There was the

brilliant world of hunting, tactics, fierce exhilaration,

skill; and there was the world of longing and baffleda

35 common-sense Iack transferred the knife to his Ieft

hand and smudgeds blood over his forehead as he

pushed down the plastered hair

Piggy began again

'You didn't ought to have let that fire out You said

no you'd keep the smoke going - '

This from Piggy, and the wails of agreement from

some of the hunters drove Jack to violence The

bolting look came into his blue eyes.3! Piggy sat

down with a grunt Jack stood over him His voice was

as vicious6 with humiliation.

'You would, would you? Fatty!'

Ralph made a step forward and Jack smacked Piggy's

head Piggy's glasses flew off and tinkledT on the rocks

Piggy cried out in terror:

so'My specs!'

He went crouching and feeling over the rocks but

Simon, who got there first, found them for him

Passions beat about Simon on the mountain-top with

awful wings

ss'One side's broken.'

nI H" looked malevolently at Jack

'I got to have them specs Now I only got one eye fus'

you wait -'

fack made a move towards Piggy who scrambleds

60 away till a great rock lay between them He thrust his

head over the top and glared at Jack through his one

flashing glass

'Now I only got one eye )ust you wait - '

Iack mimickede the whine and scramble

es']uS'you wait - yah!'

Piggy and the parody were so funny that the hunters

began to laugh Jack felt encouraged sl l Unwillingly

Ralph felt his lips twitch;tl he was angry with himself

for giving way

70 He muttered.

'That was a dirty trick.'

Jack broke out of his gyration and stood facing Ralph

His words came in a shout

All right!All right!'

7s He looked at Piggy, at the hunters, at Ralph

'I'm sorry About the fire, I mean There I - '

He drew himself up.'2' - I apologise.'The buzz from the hunters was one of admiration

80 for this handsome behaviour Clearly they were ofthe opinion that Jack had done the decent thing, hadput himself in the right by his generous apology andRalph, obscurelp13 in the wrong oI

Yet Ralph's throat refused to pass one He resented, as8s an addition to |ack's misbehaviour, this verbal trick.The fire was dead The ship was gone Could they notsee? Anger instead of decency passed his throat.'That was a dirty trick.'

They were silent on the mountain top while thee0 opaque look appeared in Jack's eyes and passed away.Ralph's final word was an ungraciousr4 mutter

All right Light the fire.'With some positive action before them, a little of thetension died Ralph said no more, did nothing,

es stood looking down at the ashes around his feet '!

He gave orders, sang, whistled, threw remarks at thesilent Ralph - remarks that did not need an answer,and therefore could not invite a snub;rs and still Ralphwas silent No one, not even Jack, would ask him tor00 move and in the end they had to build the fire threeyards away and in a place not really as convenient.Ralph asserted his chieftainship and could not havechosen a better way if he had thought for days Againstthis weapon, so indefinable and so effective, fack wastos powerless and raged without knowing why By thetime the pile was built, they were on different sides of

9 mimic = copy in a funny way the way sb speaks and acts

1 0 a fale of hysteria = the sound o f p e o p l e l a u g h i n g

S

rtnr

I Read the Aesop's fable and choose the moral (a-c) which

you think best fits the story

a D o n ' t t r y to a c h i e v e t h e im p o s s i b l e

b l t is e a s y t o d e s p i s e w h a t y o u cannot h a v e

c Don't underestimate the difficuttv of a task

The fox and the grapes There was once a fox that used to wander far and wide

to find food He would sometimes walk for days in order find a nice meal One day, he came across a vine branch from which were hanging bunches of ripe, black grapes which no one had yet picked The fox had been searching for food for many days and was almost dying of hunger He stood

on tip-toe and stretched

as high as he could, but he couldnt reach the grapes He

tried jumping but still without success The fox had thought

that it would be easy to reach the grapes, and to hide his

disappointment he said to himself,'What a fool I am! The

grapes are sour I was going to eat them, but I ve changed my

mind.'And with that he walked off.

Find examples of verb forms 1-7 in the fable in exercise 1

When do we use them?

1 past simple 5 would

2 past continuous 6 used to

3 past perfect 7 future in the past

4 p a s t p e r f e c t c o n t i n u o u s

Explain the difference in meaning in these sentences

1 a When Joe arrived, I'd made some coffee

b When Joe arrived, I made some coffee

c When Joe arrived, I was making some coffee

d W h e n J o e a r r i v e d , I ' d b e e n b a k i n g s o m e b r e a d

2 a H e s p o k e J a p a n e s e b e c a u s e h e ' d l i v e d i n Japan f o r t w o

years

b H e s p o k e J a p a n e s e b e c a u s e h e ' d b e e n l i v i n g i n Japan

for two years

3 a What was that book you read on hotiday?

b W h a t w a s t h a t b o o k y o u w e r e r e a d i n g o n h o l i d a y ?

4 a George used to smoke in the office

b George would smoke in the office

The hare and the tortoise

One day a hare 1- (run) along a path when he (come) across a tortoise The hare 3- (follow) the same route every day and (never come) across a tortoise before The tortoise 5- (walk) slowly and the hare 6- (begin) to laugh at her Irritated by the hare, the tortoise 7 - (challenge) him to a race.The hare 8- (never have) any doubt that he was the fastest animal around, so he e- (accept) the challenge After the hare 10- (run) for a while,

2-he realised that 2-he 11- (leave) the tortoise far behind, and t2- (sit) down under a tree to relax for a while It wasnt long before he 13- (fall) asleep Although the tortoise 14- (not hurry), she overtook the hare When the hare 1s- (wake up), he 16- (realise) that the tortoise 17- (beat) him to the finishing line.The hare 18- (remember) this experience for the rest of his life.

Use the information below to write the fable lhe boy whocried wolf Use a variety of narrative tenses and make anynecessary changes to the text Begin There wos once The boywho criedwolf

A shepherd boy lived in a village His family lived there for many years He looked after a flock of sheep Every day he went to the hillside above the village He was bored He left his sheep He ran to the village He shouted,'Wol{l Wolfl' The villagers heard his cries They ran to help him They wasted their time He laughed at them He did this two or three times A wolf really did come He shouted'Wolfl Wol{l' The villagers ignored him The wolf killed the whole flock of sheep The boy didnt cry wolf again.

Complete these sentences in your own words Use as manyverb forms as you can from exercise 2

6

Photo com parison

Work in pairs lf you had to interview a homeless person,

what questions would you ask? Note them down

f) r.rr Listen to the interview Were any of your questions

asked? How did the girl answer them?

6) r.rr Complete the phrasalverbs (1-5) with the correct

prepositions, and match them with the definitions (a-0

Then listen again and check

t"?r!n

f) r.rz Listen to someone saying what she thinks life is like for the person in the first picture and why he might be homeless Do you agree with her opinions?

f) r.rz Complete the speculative sentences You can use more than one word in a gap Then listen again and check.

FJt:nfiilfd Work in pairs Read the speaking tip and the

task below Talk about the main similarities and differences

between the photos Use the phrases in the box to help you

Review

Work in pairs Discuss the questions.

1 H a v e y o u s e e n any films recently, i n t h e c i n e m a o r o n t h e

Read the film review How would you describe it? Find

evidence in the text for your opinion.

queue at the box office when lndiana Jones and the Kingdom

of the Crystal Sku// was screened at our local cinema Like its

blockbuster predecessors, it's directed by Steven Spielberg

and stars Harrison Ford in the title role as an

archaeologist-adventurer.

Set in 1952 at the height of the Cold War; most of the

action takes place in the jungles of South America The plot

revolves around the race to find a crystal skull, which the

villainous Soviet officer lrina Spalko (Cate Blanchett) wants

to get her hands on in order to harness its mystical powers.

Needless to say, at the end of the film the goodies come out

on top, find the skull and restore it to its rightful place.

Despite very good performances from Ford and young,

upcoming actor Shia LaBoeu[ who plays a leather-jacketed

biker, and some pretty effective state-of-the-art special

effects, the fllm is let down by the rather convoluted and

far-fetched plot In fact after about an hour; the film abandons

any pretence of a story and descends into a sequence of

high-speed car chases, fights, stunts, and encounters with

red ants and quicksand.

As adventure movies go, it's fairly entertaining, but nowhere

near as good as the first three instalments in the Indiana

Jones series But if it's pure escapism you're after and you

can totally suspend disbelief, this film's probably for you.

In pairs, look at the adjectives for describing films Which

aspects of films (f -l) can they be used to describe? (Some

adiectives can describe more than one aspect.)

b i g - b u d g e t d i s a p p o i n t i n g e d g y e p i c f a r - f e t c h e d

fast-moving flawed frightening gripping light-hearted

low-budget moving powerful predictable serious

third-rate thought-provoking violent wacky X-rated

o (little) bit not porticulorly notvery quite fairly

pretty rather very extremely

Remember that the adverb quite comes before the

i n d e f i n i t e a r t i c l e :

It's quite a slow-moving film.

Read the writing tip and rank the modifying adverbs in order,

from the strongest to the weakest Then find examples of

s o m e o f t h e m i n th e te x t o n p a g e 2 2

Vocabulary Builder 2.3: Modifying adverbs: p.132

F{:i'ilKftrd Work in pairs Think of a fitm that you have both

seen Talk about the fitm using adiectives from exercise 1

and modifying adverbs

' l : ' , , t ' 1 r i ' i l ' ' , ' - r

- \ r - ' ' , : ' ' '.o"

W e c a n u s e p a r t i c i p l e c l a u s e s t o i m p r o v e o u r w r i t i n g

style

This film wos released in 2002 and wos an instant success

-)Released in 2002, this film wos on instant success

Hancock stars Wiil Smith and is a superhero adventure

that left me cold

) Starring Will Smith, Hancock is a superhero

adventure that left me cold

Use participle clauses to rewrite these sentences that

introduce films

7 Soving Private Ryan was directed by three-time academy

a w a r d w i n n e r S t e v e n S p i e l b e r g a n d is o n e o f th e m o s t

g r i p p i n g w a r f i l m s e v e r m a d e

2 The lncredible Hulk was panned by the critics when it was

first released, but it was a box office hit

3 T i t a n i c i s o n e o f t h e m o s t s u c c e s s f u t f i t m s o f a l l t i m e a n d

w o n e l e v e n O s c a r s

4 Forrest Gump features Tom Hanks in the titte role and is

my favourite movie of at[ time.

5 The Mistwas adapted from the Stephen King novel and is

a terrifying horror film.

Match 1-8 with a-h to make sentences that give overall opinions of films Which ones are (a) positive? (b) negative? (c) lukewarm?

1 lf you have an aversion to pointless special effects,

2 Not the greatest film ever made,

3 For hardcore fantasy fans,

e i f o n l y fo r th e d a z z l i n g s p e c i a l e f f e c t s

f t h e n y o u w o n ' t r e g r e t g o i n g t o s e e th i s fi l m

g but worth the price o f a d m i s s i o n

h l t h o r o u g h l y r e c o m m e n d i t Make notes about a fitm that you have seen Follow the plan below.

1 Background information about the film (title, genre,director, based on a book? date? other interesting facts?)

2 A b r i e f s u m m a r y o f th e p t o t

3 T h e f i l m ' s s t r e n g t h s a n d w e a k n e s s e s

4 Y o u r o v e r a l l v e r d i c t o n th e fi l m a n d a r e c o m m e n d a t i o n(positive or negative).

Write your review (200-250 words) Use the notes you made

in exercise 6

Check your work using the list below

Have you

! fotlowed the plan correctly?

! written the correct number of words?

I i n c l u d e d a t le a s t o n e m o d i f y i n g a d v e r b ?

! c h e c k e d t h e s p e l t i n g a n d g r a m m a r ?

U n i t 2 S t o r i e r

r _ 2 w

Vocabulary

1 Add a prefix to the words in the box and use them to

complete the sentences.

awed easy occupied orientated nerved

Harry knew he'd made a mistake, so he felt very r.,rri., ,: when

2 Use the words in brackets to form compound adiectives

which are synonyms of the first word

4 Comptete the sentences with the adverbs in the box.

categorically ironicatly loosely promptty widety

1 The fitm A Beautiful Mind is based on the tife

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box Where possible use an object pronoun.

l o o k a f t e r l o o k in t o m a k e u p p u t o n s t a n d up to

t h i n k o v e r

1 M y s i s t e r ' s g o t two children, s o w h e n s h e g o e s o u t I always

2 | was going to carry my jacket, but when I saw it was

Gary was fed up He 1 - (wait) for his girlfriend for

o v e r a n h o u r a n d s h e s t i l t 2 - ( n o t turn up) Just

Srcus **" 1-2

Speaking

1 Work in pairs Decide what the three most important

personality traits are for working in a large, office-based

company

2 Compare your ideas with another pair Can you agree on a

ioint 'top three'?

D Affer graduating with a degree in C,omputer 3cience foom

University in my home country of Lifhuania, I completed a

post-graduate diploma in web design atthe University of Manchester,

This led to a teaching post at lne same institution AFler four

years in academia, I decided on a change of direction and applied

for variousjobs in the commercial sector I relocated to Madrid

fo work for a large advertising agency as lneir head of weo

aevelopment, a position t found both challenging and enjoyable

r what happened d u r i n g t h e in t e r v i e w

r what happened a t th e e n d o f th e in t e r v i e w how you feeI a b o u t i t n o w , t o o k i n g b a c k

t "

r f

Having worked at a comparably-sized logistics company In

Riga for more than three years lfirmly believe that I have the

necessary programming skills for this position at lnterpost I am

English-speaker, I am also fluent in Latvian (my mother tongue)

and Russian, and I have a sound knowledge of French

ft-6

Exnm 2

Can you give any examples of: (a) 'urban myths' (strange

well-known stories that many people believe but are unlikety

t o b e tr u e ) a n d ( b ) ' l n t e r n e t m y t h s ' ( s t o r i e s s p r e a d v i a th e

Internet which turn out not to be true)?

Do the Use of English exam task

Complete the text with the correct form of the words

the correct answer (A-D).

7 The New York Times report about alligators stated that

4 oo the Reading exam task

Read the text Decide which sentence part (A-J) best fits each gap (1-8) There are two options that you do not need.

An article in the Japanese Mainichi Daily News (which

c l a i m s m e r e l y t o '- t h a t a p p e a r e d i n a m a g a z r n e called Fushigi Knuckles) tetts the story of the attempt to

T H f S U N I T I N C t U D E S o q t

Vocabutary verb (+ adjective) + noun collocations set phrases phrases related to friendship

literal and figulative language comparative phrases phrases for negotiatinS a61aa,'u"r tot

d e s c r i b i n g p l a c e s d e p e n d e n t p r e p o s i t i o n s ( 1 )

Gnmmar contrast: present perfect simple and continuous verb patterns

Speaking talking about retationships negotiation

Writing sn 3,11.1"

"bout a place

i t q n t a l k k-it,,al.; af

$ f f S Listen to five peopte talking about their partners

Match the speakers (1-5) with the kinds of partnership (a-D

they are describing Which words gave you a clue?

a co-presenters of a news programme L_j

b ioint owners of a ctothes shop L_l

c a c o m p o s e r a n d ly r i c i s t L _ l

d co-stars of a stage play L l

e a pair of circus acrobats L l

f a ratty driver and a navigator L l

f) r.rS Listen again Say which speaker (1-5) mentions

these things Then answer the questions

a getting depressed L_l (About whatT)

b being like a married couple L l (ln what way?)

c their different backgrounds L l (What are they?)

d a partner's initating habit LJ (What is it?)

e having to be careful what she says L l (Why?)

;;'l Some verb + adiective + noun collocations are atso,.= common Look for these in your dictionary and in texts

2 r I O U l € i l d ,

f; Over the years, they suffered some major setbacks.

J Pay close ottention to what l'm about to tell you

Read the Learn this! box Then complete the sentences withexpressions from exercise 4

I d i s a g r e e w i t h n u m b e r 1 I t h i n k i t ' s p e r f e c t l y p o s s i b l e t oform a close friendship with somebody who is very differentfrom you In fact, some people say that'opposites attract'!

U n i t 3 P a r t n e r s

( }

I c q n d i s c t t i s t h e m e a n t n g and impartawe af /liendship.

When I'm last Ln the rain,

In yaur eyet I knnw I'lL f.nd the ltght ta liqht My wqy.

When I'vn scared, LqtiAg4ylald,

When wry warl,/ it 9atn4 crazy, yo^ cat tur4 [t all araund

And when I'm dawn yau're tltere; pushing nte ta tlrc tap.

lou're always there: gtvinj wre all you qot.

Far a shieldfou tl49garn,

far a friend: for a love

Ta keep Me ta,fe and warrn,

I turw fo yot4.

Far the strength to be ttratry;

For the wtll tn Asyryry,

For everything yau da,

For everytlatn4 that's trtte,

I turn ta yol4.

Whevt I lase the wrll ta

I tusl reath {or yau and

F or the arur ta be my shelter tlarauqh all tht

Far truth that will ncver chanqe,

Far sovneane ta leatt ott,

Far a heart I tan, rely on through anytl'ttnq,

F a r t h e a n e w h o I c q w ra t t a

I tt.trw to y1u.

Exptain the underlined phrases in your own words

Work in pairs How many other songs can youthink of about friendship? Compare your ideas with the class

Q f f e Listen to a woman describing a friend Which of

these words and phrases best describe that friend, and why?

a n a c q u a i n t a n c e a n a s s o c i a t e a c h i l d h o o d f r i e n d

a classmate a crony a fair-weather friend

a family friend a friend of a friend a soul mate

a work mate one of a close-knit circle (of friends)

6 f) f f e Complete these excerpts from the descriptionusing words from the box (You need to use some wordsmore than once.) Then [isten again and check

3 We've even had the odd set over the vears

4 We've been - so much together

5 Recently, problems at work have been getting me -

I G r a m m a r B u i t d e r 3 1 : P r e s e n t p e r f e c t s i m p i e

a n d c o n t i n u o u s : p I X9Exptain the difference in meaning between sentences a and

b in each pair, if there is any

1 a I've spent a lot of time with my best friend

b I ' v e b e e n s p e n d i n g a l o t o f ti m e w i t h m y b e s t f r i e n d

2 a We've drifted apart since leaving school

b W e ' v e b e e n d r i f t i n g a p a r t s i n c e l e a v i n g s c h o o l

3 a How long have you been working in lT?

b How long have you worked in lT?

4 a Have you seen the girl in the ftat below us?

b Have you been seeing the girt in the ftat betow us?

5 a Have you been wearing the coat I bought you?

b Have you worn the coat I bought you?

Look at the box in exercise 5 and choose one type of friendfrom your own life Write down five key points about yourrelationship with that person Try to include appropriatephrases from the song and from exercise 5

Work in pairs Take turns to be A and B

Student A: Using your notes from exercise 9, tell your

p a r t n e r a b o u t y o u r f r i e n d T h e n a n s w e r B ' s

o u e s t i o n s Student B: Listen carefully to your partner's description

j ) l r l l r l , f l l l i l : l l l i , r r t r

FTiLilKTIIF Explain this slightly altered quotation from the

lrish writer Oscar Wilde in your own words What does it tell

you about his attitude to marriage?

Bigamy is having one husband or

wife too many, So l's monogamJz

FEI:ilmlH Work in pairs Look at the chart about weddings

in Britain Present the information it contains to another pair

W E D D I N G V E N U E S

churchlicensed venueabroadRegistry Office

licensed v€ltu€ = a non-retigious venue (e.9 hotel or

restaurant) whjch has been granted a licence to perform

w e d d i n g c e r e m o n i e s

Registry 0ffice (or Register Office)= a municipal office

which performs non-religious wedd'ing ceremonies and also

officially records births, deaths and marriages

Fill]liKilfd Work in pairs Compare the information in

exercise 2 with your own country Answer the questions.

1 A r e th e b a s i c c h o i c e s o f v e n u e t h e s a m e ? E x p l a i n a n y

differences.

2 D o y o u th i n k c h u r c h w e d d i n g s a r e m o r e o r l e s s p o p u l a r i n

your country? Why?

f) r.rZ Listen to a news report What is it chiefly about?

a t h e r i s i n g c o s t o f w e d d i n g s i n B r i t a i n

b B r i t i s h h a b i t s a n d a t t i t u d e s c o n c e r n i n g w e d d i n g s

c t h e d e c l i n i n g p o p u t a r i t y o f w e d d i n g s i n B r i t a i n

f) r.rZ Listen again Are the sentences true or false

according to the report? Correct the false ones.

1 Would you pay for any beauty treatments before your

w e d d i n g d a y ? W o u l d y o u want or expect y o u r fianc6(e) t o ?

2 l f y o u g e t m a r r i e d , w h i c h c e l e b r i t y w o u l d y o u m o s t [i k e to

r e s e m b l e o n y o u r w e d d i n g d a y ? W h i c h c e t e b r i t y w o u l d y o u

m o s t li k e y o u r fi a n c 6 ( e ) t o r e s e m b l e ?

O f f e Listen to six people talking about different aspects

of weddings and marriage Choose the correct answers.

b S h e th i n k s it i s v e r v ro m a n t i c

c S h e th i n k s p e o p l e l u s t d o i t f o r p u b l i c i t y Ffilill[Ifd Work in pairs Answer the questions.

1 W h a t is t h e i d e a l a g e to g e t m a r r i e d , i n y o u r o p i n i o n ?

2 D o y o u k n o w a n y s u p e r s t i t i o n s c o n n e c t e d t o w e d d i n g s i n your country?

3 W h a t h a p p e n s a t a t y p i c a l w e d d i n g i n y o u r c o u n t r y ? ( T h i n k

a b o u t th e c e r e m o n y , t h e r e c e p t i o n , t h e g u e s t s , g i f t s , etc.)

L r n i t 3 P a r i n e r s

f h

i t , t t , , y 1 1 , , / g 7 ' , 1 , 1 t i u ' , ; l t 1 c t

t ' c , " i ( ! 1 6 4l,l,.t ; 1 r : r '

Love conquers atl

1 F|i[-flKIIfd Work in pairs Discuss what problems might be

experienced by two people wanting to be a couple if:

a they're from different continents

b they follow different religions

c o n e is fr o m a r i c h f a m i l y a n d t h e o t h e r f r o m a n o r d i n a r y

working-class family

2 FnffiKIIIA Share your ideas from exercise 1 with the class

Decide whether a, b or c would create the most problems

Would you personally be willing to face these problems for

the right person?

, Read the text quickly Which of the problems from exercise 1

did Ehdaa and Sean face?

4 Read the text again Are the sentences true or false? In

which paragraph A-K can you find evidence to support your

each other when they were face to face

9 The army overestimated the strength of feeling between

Literal: Caesor's ormies outflanked their enemy and

attacked them from behind

Figurative: The Prime Minister's onnouncement has

outflanked his opponents, who were planning to raise this

very issue themselves

Love and War

t o e v e r y t h i n g s h e h a s e v e r k n o w n E h d a a i s m a k i n g a

r u n o f 5 0 0 k i l o m e t r e s t h r o u g h t h e d a n g e r s o f th e S u n n i

T r i a n g l e , t r y i n g t o r e a c h h e r n e w A m e r i c a n h u s b a n d , t h e

o n e th a t t h e A r m y o r d e r e d o u t o f h e r li f e ' S o m e t i m e s ,you just fall in love and you don't know why I think it's our fate,' says Ehdaa 'l think we're meant to be together I just can't wait to see him.'

C T h e d r e a m i s to b r i n g t o g e t h e r t w o li v e s t h a t c o u l d n t b e more different Ehdaa grew up wealthy in a country at

w a r S e a n g r e w up peacefully, i n a w o r k i n g - c l a s s a r e a

i n F l o r i d a H e li s t e n e d t o c o u n t r y m u s i c ; s h e li s t e n e d t o

S a d d a m S h e w e n t to m e d i c a l s c h o o l ; h e h e l d t o a f a m i l y

t r a d i t i o n , f o l l o w i n g h i s fa t h e r a n d s i x u n c l e s i n t o t h e military.

D A f t e r t h e fa l l o f B a g h d a d , B l a c k w e l l l a n d e d i n o n e o f

t h o s e p l a c e s w h e r e t h e te n s i o n w a s g r e a t e s t , B a g h d a d ' s

b i g g e s t h o s p i t a l 0 n e d a y a m i d t h e c h a o s , i n w a l k e d Ehdaa, a young lraqi doctor 'To be honest, when I first met her, I was like, you know, she's very, very attractive, but you knoq what's the point of trying to start a

r e l a t i o n s h i p o v e r h e r e ? ' r e c a l l s B l a c k w e l l ' A n d t h e m o r e

we talked the more we started to learn about each

o t h e r , a n d it d i d n ' t t a k e l o n g f o r , y o u k n o w , e m o t i o n a l attachment to grow there.'

U n i t 3 P a r t n e r s

unauthorised detour to a restaurant.

H Two soldiers with heavy weapons stood guard outside.

p a t r o t F{E:ilKIIG Work in pairs Think about a story you knowwhich involves love triumphing over obstacles lt could be atrue story, a book or a film Answer the questions

1 What exactty were the obstacles?

2 H o w d i d th e c o u p t e m a n a g e t o o v e r c o m e t h e m ?

3 W h a t i s y o u r o p i n i o n o f th e s t o r y ?FifilKTIfA Work in pairs Present your story to the class

When you work closely with someone, what kind

of person do you work better with? Give reasons

4 Look at the dictionary entry Does this verb take an infinitive

or -ing form? How do you know?

post'pone /pa'spaun; NAmF pou'spoun/ verb - sth (tol until sth) to arrange for an event, etc to take place at a later time or date EIE pur oFF: lvNl The game hos al- ready been postponed three rimes o We'll have to postpone the meeting unt| next week o lv -ingl lt w6 an unpopular decision to postpone building the new hospital. -<ompare cANcEL > post pone ment noun lU,Cl: Riots led to the postponement of local eletions.

5 Use a dictionary to find out if the verbs in the box:

1 take an infinitive.

2 take an -ing form.

3 take either, with no difference in meaning.

4 take either, but with a difference in meaning.

claim demand fail guarantee hate love refuse remember risk stop try

V e r b p a t t e r n s c a n in c l u d e p a s s i v e , p e r f e c t a n d c o n t i n u o u s forms of the infinitive or -ing form.

She claims to have met Leona lewis (perfect infinitive) The window oppeors to have been broken deliberately (passive perfect infi nitive)

6 Read the Look out! box Then complete the text with the infinitive or -ing form of the verbs in brackets You may need

to use passive and/or perfect forms.

Sam and Dave were one ofthe most popular singing duos ofthe 1960s Their live performances were so good that some other stars oftheir dag refused 1- [book] on the same bill in case theg were made 2 - [look] second-rate In his autobiographg, the boss of Atlantic Records remembers 3- [impress]

bg Sam and Dave's'harmong and goodwill'on stage In fact, the two performers were onlg pretendinga- [have] a good relationship Off stage, theu were hardlg managing s-

Istag] on speaking terms When Dave shot and injured his own wife in a domestic dispute, Sam gave up 6- [trgJ ?-ImaintainJ ang kind of relationship with his partner Although Dave seems 8- (forgive) bg his wife shortlg after the shooting, Sam recalls s- [disgust] so much bg the event that he told Dave: 'l'll sing with gou but l'll never speak to gou again.'And theg went on 10- [performJtogether, he claims 11-Inot speak] a word to Dave forthe next twelve gears.

3 were taught to do by a relative

4 would hate being made to listen to

5 h o p e t o b e d o i n g i n fi v e y e a r s ' t i m e

3 Complete the text with the infinitive, base form (infinitive

without fo), past participle or -ing form of the verbs in

brackets Then describe the twins'working relationship in

your own words

Like many identical twins, Helen and Morna Mulgray are used to '-_=-. _

(do) things together They have always enjoyed 2 - (watch) the same television programmes and have tended 3- (read) the same books too.

They even chose a- (pursue) the same career as teachers Now, at the age

of 68, being retired has allowed them

(focus) on a mutual hobby:

'We both spent 31 years 6- (work) as Engtish

teachers, so we've always been keen on 7 - (write)i

said Morna.

It took the twins five years 8- (get) their novel,

which is entitled No Suspicious Circumstances, e

-(pubtish) Atthough the finat detaits of the agreement with

their pubtisher have yet 10- (be) finatised, they

anticipate the book 11- (be) fotlowed by at teast two more.

Morna, who is the elder by ten minutes, said: 'We both sit

at the laptop, and whoever happens 72 - (be) closest to

the computer or feels like 13 - (type) just startsi Helen

added: 'Occasionally there are smatt disagreements over the

text but 'She lets her sister 1a- (finish):It rarety

happensl

3 Find one verb in the text for each verb pattern (1-5) Use the

verb to make your own example sentence

1 verb + infinitive

decide: We decided to get morried in lune

2 verb + object + infinitive

persuade: My sister persuaded me to take up aerobics

3 verb + object + base form

make: My parents made me learn the piano

verb (+ object) + -ing form

imagine: I con't imagine (my brother) becoming rich.

verb + object + past participle

have: She had her car stolen lastweekend.

$ r a m r n a r B u i l d e r 3 2 : V e r b p a t t e r n s { t ) : p 1 i 9

U n i t 3 P a r t n e r s

r i i l

2 Flil-ilKllfd Work in pairs Compare and contrast the photos

What kind of people would you expect to find at each caf6?

Which caf6 would you prefer to visit, and why?

3 Fnl]|lKllfd Work in pairs lmagine you are business partners

who plan to buy a caf6 Which of the factors below do you

t h i n k i s m o s t i m p o r t a n t ? G i v e r e a s o n s

Fifililfifl Work in pairs Look at the photos in exercise

2 Match 1-8 with a-f to make comparative phrases and

decide which caf6 each phrase is likety to apply to

T h i n k a b o u t q u e s t i o n s ( a - e ) below and include p h r a s e s f r o m exercise 5.

a Witl it be popular with your clientele?

b Witl it be easy/difficult/cheap/expensive to organise?

c Will it be popular/unpopular with local residents?

d Witt it be more attractive to people on their own/in groups?

e W i l t it b e p r o f i t a b l e ? W h y ? / W h y n o t ?

Fancq dress nigllt!

t5 entrg feet50 prize for the winning

costume

llanny hout! Half nfice dfinls lrom 7 - I n.m eueru euening.

f) r.rf Listen to two business partners discussing three

caf6s Which do they decide to buy? Which two factors from

exercise 3 lead to the decision?

F|Il-ilKIflA Look at the photos in the article Which town

would you prefer to visit? Give reasons.

Read the article For each town, say which of the topics

There are a lot of shops in the town centre.

The town centre boasts an impressive array of shops.

1 interesting: a captivating b fascinating c gripping

2 large: a consideroble b immense c vast

3 old: a oncient b ontique c historic

4 modern: a up-to-date b current c contemporory

Rewrite the sentences, going beyond basic vocabulary Try

${trTKnTd Work in pairs Describe some of the attributes of

your own town or city, or a place you know well, using these

expressions from the article.

1 l f - i s y o u r th i n g , t h e n .

2 l f - i s / a r e m o r e y o u r scene, t h e n .

3 F o r t h o s e s e e k i n g

The Cotswolds region in the centre of England boasts some

of the most exquisite scenery in the country, as well as some

of the quaintest villages, renowned for their golden Cotswold stone Alternatively, if shopping and nightlife are more your scene, both are readily available in some of the larger towns Why not base a visit around two contrasting towns? They make perfect partners for the ideal holiday!

Burford

Rich in history, Burford is situated twenty miles north of Oxford and is reminiscent of a town from a storybook The High Street, which slopes gently down to the willow-fringed River

W i n d r u s h , is l i n e d o n e i t h e r s i d e w i t h g o l d e n s t o n e h o u s e s , some of which date back to the fifteenth century.

Often described as the southern Bateway to the Cotswolds, Burford is ideally placed for excursions, whether it be on foot,

by car or by bicycle Explore the picturesque countryside of

c e n t r a l E n g l a n d , w h e r e i d y l l i c v i l l a g e s t u c k e d a w a y i n w o o d e d valleys are waiting to be discovered

Cheltenham

lf shopping is your thing, then Cheltenham, on the western edge of the Cotswold region, has a Breat deal to offer, from fashion to furniture and from accessories to antioues The Beechwood Shopping Centre, a stone's throw from the train

s t a t i o n , h a s a w e a l t h o f w e l l - k n o w n s t o r e s , w h i l e f o r t h o s e seeking a more individual purchase, Suffolk Street has a parade

( q r 1 t / , t r l t ( a\ ArtICle dbAut A

p ( l t t l a r 1 6 t t t I d c s l i ' t c l t a r t

Work in pairs Look at the adiectives for describing places

Divide them into two groups: positive and negative Which

adjectives could go in either group, depending on your

F{il-{K[fd Compare and contrast the two photos using

adjectives from exercise 1 Answer questions 1-4 below

Read the writing tip Then complete this sentence using

information from the dictionary entry below.

C h e l t e n h a m b e n e f i t s e x c e l t e n t t r a n s D o r t c o n n e c t i o n s

bene.fit 0r /'benrfit/ noun,verb

verb \-t- or-tt-) 1 [VN] to be useful to sb or improve their

life in some way: We should spend the money on somethtng

that w iII benef it ev e ryone

2 [v] - (from/by sth) to be in a better position because of sth:

better position because of sth: I4lho exactly stand.s to

b enefit from the se change s?

Find expressions 1-12 in the article on page 34 and writethe missing preposition

I t o t a k e p r i d e Complete the sentences with expressions from exercise 5.

a C h e l t e n h a m i s 1 - t o t h e w o r l d - f a m o u s C h e l t e n h a m racetrack Every March, the racetrack 2- - to

W r i t e a n a r t i c l e f o r a n i n - f t i g h t m a g a z i n e e x t o l t i n g t h e virtues of two contrasting towns in your region.

Work in pairs Write your article (200-250 words)

1 Use your notes to write about one town each Try to gobeyond basic vocabulary

2 Swap your work and make suggestions for improving yourpartner's writing

3 W o r k t o g e t h e r t o w r i t e t h e in t r o d u c t i o n Check your work using the list below

a couple of hundred miles arvav fron-r John After being rcunited

ou the Iuternet, the couple arranged to meet up irr Soutl-ranrpton '\\re knew we kx'ecl each other before rve even met up,'saicl fohn.

So, taking drastic steps, fohn resigned frorn his job and sta)'ed in Sor,rthampbn l)espite the obstacles they had to overcome, and the people thev hurt, Jackie ancl John both firmly believe it u'as all

T

tr

I T I T

tr

I

3 Do the Use of English exam task

2 Do the Reading exam task

R e a d t h e te x t F o r q u e s t i o n s 1 - 8 , c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t

c o u p l e ( A - C ) T h e c o u p l e s m a y b e c h o s e n m o r e t h a n o n c e

A Beatrice Ballott, 84, first met 87-year-old Ivan Hicks in 1942

when she was a clerk in a bank in Oudtshoorn and he was

stationed near the towrl as part of his training for the RAF The

pair met at a party and their romance soon blossomed, but n'hen

Mr Hicks rvas stationed back in England thel'drilled apart.

Eventuall)', they both married, although they stayed in touch over

the years rvith letters and cards However, u'hen Mr Hicks' wife

passed arr'ay last 1'ear he set about going through his diary ar-rd it

was then that he can-re across Ms Ballotts telephone nurnber After

his daughter Hazel contacted her for him, the trvo arranged to see

each other They quickh'realised that their mutual love for each

other was still present The pair happily tied the knot on Saturda,v,

September 26th.

B Childhood srveethearts Sue Hammond and Chris Osnrent have

nrarried afier being reunited r.ia the Internet 30 years after thev

first met Rornance flrst blossomed bet'rveen the couple whcn thev

werc l5-year-old pupils at Highfield Comprehensive School in

Newcastlc, in the north-east of England But after they left school

they didn't set e)'es on each other again until last year, rvhen thev

made contact on the Friends Reunitecl website Both Chris and

Sue were single follorving the break-up of their ntarriages Thev

chatted to each other every dav for nvo months using rvebcams

bcfore Susan travelled to Chris's nerv home on the opposite sirle

of the rvorld She speut nvo lveeks in S,vdney before returning to

the UK, but then atier fbur painful months apart from Chris, she

made thc decision to ernigrate to Australia for a nerv life rvith the

man she lovecl.

C A nrirn has left his n'if'e afier rneeting a childhootl srveetheart

he hard not scen for nearly half a centLrry fohn Pearce ir'alkecl out

on his rr'if'e of 20 vears to rneet up with old friend Jackie Butt

irntl rrever went back homc They met each other on the Friends

Reunilecl website, the lnternet site which puts old school friends

back in tor.rch rvith each othcr Jackie ancl John met at prinrrrv

school in Ph'mor.rth in l9-52 at the age of fir'c irnd cltrickll'becante

S o m e l i n e s o f t h e te x t a r e c o r r e c t a n d s o m e c o n t a i n a nextra word which should not be there Cross out the extra

w o r d s a n d ti c k t h e li n e s w h i c h a r e c o r r e c t

0 There are many customs and superstitions associated '/

00 with weddinSs, most of which had originated centuries

1 ago In the past, a wedding was seen as a time when

2 people that were particularly susceptible to bad luck and

3 evil spirits Some traditions, such as the bride is not being

4 seen by the groom in her wedding dress before the

5 ceremony, are known throughout the UK and many other

5 parts of the world too Others may be regional or can even

7 maintained within families from generation to generation

8 Whether they are widespread or specific to a small group,

9 they are maintained in the belief that they will bring the

10 good luck and happiness to the couple at a time when

11 their lives are changing, hopefully for the better In the

12 days gone by, when marriage proposals were more

13 formal, the prospective groom sent his friends or his

14 members of his family to represent his interests to the

15 prospective bride and her family lf they saw a blind man,

16 a monk or a pregnant woman during their journey it was

17 thought that the marriage would be doomed to failure as if

18 they continued their lourney, so they had to go home and

19 start againl lf, however, they saw goats, pigeons or

20 wolves, these were good omens which would not bring

21 good fortune to the marriage,

T H I S U I { I T I N C T U D E S '

Vocabutary 5ynelyms of chonge nouns formed from verbs expressions with chdrge adjective.

noun collocations expressing opinions linking words ,elth erl nor, eitherl or, not onlyl but also

speculating (degrees of probability)

GEmmar comparative and superlative forms reduced relative clauses conditionals

Describing

Read the quotation from George Bernard Shaw

and answer the questions

Some people see things as they are

and say,'Why?' I dream of things that

never were and say,'why not?'

1 How could you paraphrase the writer's attitude to change?

l s h e g e n e r a l l y i n fa v o u r o f it o r a g a i n s t i t ?

2 W h a t i s y o u r o w n a t t i t u d e t o c h a n g e ? W h i c h p a r t s o f y o u r

life do you prefer to remain constant?

2 Complete each pair of sentences with one verb from the box

in the correct form Use a dictionary to help you

adapt ad just alter convert evolve modify

a Zoologists believe that birds from dinosaurs

b American footbatl from rugby and soccer

f) r.ZO Listen to four speakers talking about things

and people that have changed in some way Say if the

1 Compare the two photos and use the words below to say

what image they convey of childhood and teenage years

Do you think it is accurate? lf not, suggest what other words

would give a more accurate portrayal

carefree frustrated idte idyttic innocent joyfut

t i s t l e s s

2 Read these opinions about how peopte change as they

become teenagers (a-h) Say whether you agree or disagree

with them, and try to think of examples

Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets, and the

examples in exercise 2 to help Don't change the meaning!

Then say whether you agree or disagree with each one Give

reasons

1 l t b e c o m e s s t e a d i l y m o r e d i f f i c u l t t o m a k e n e w f r i e n d s

d u r i n g y o u r t e e n a g e y e a r s ( l e s s a n d [e s s )

As you start to go out more, money becomes more central

to your tife (the more)

Look at these phrases the teenagers use for modifying comparative and superlative adjectives Add them to the correct place in the tist below.

a g o o d d e a l a b i t s o a l o n g w a y m a r g i n a l l y far and away only very

modifyi n g su perlatives

1 - / e a s i t y t h e b e s tthe 2- bestthe best by far I by miles / by a mite / by 3modifying com paratives

no better [than ] I 4- as good [as ]

5- / very slightly better

a littte /6_ / a tittle bit betterrather better

n o t q u i t e a s / not quite / n o t 7 - b a d [as ]

(quite) a lot bettermuch / far I afar sight / an awful lot / 8- better

We can only put very before a short superlative form, not asuperlative with mosf We also use it with frsf

My parents walked in ot the very worst momenL

It was the very first time l'd spent a night away from home.

6 F ilKTIfE Read the Look out! box Then discuss your ownideas about how people change as they become adultsrather than teenagers Use expressions from exercise 5 anddiscuss the topics below or your own ideas

Southern trees bear strange fruit

Blood on the leaves, and blood at the root

Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze

Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees

Pastoral scene of the gallant south

The bulging eyes and the twisted mouth

The scent of maenolia sweet and fresh

lhen the sudclen smell of burning flesh

Here is a fruit for the crows to pluck

For the rain to gathel, for the wind to suck

For the sun to rot, for the tree to drop

Here is a strange and bitter crop

$l tzz Listen to part one of a radio programme about

Stronge Fruit.Were your ideas in exercise 1 correct?

4 Who first sang Strange Fruit?

-f) f Zf Read the sentences below Then listen to part two

of the radio programme Are the sentences true, false or is

the answer not stated?

Complete the text with the correct form

of the words in brackets

SI]IGI]IO F||B GHA]IGE

T h e s t o r y o f t h e A m e r i c a n p r o t e s t s o n g g o e s b a c k'- (StcNtFtcANCE) further than Stronge Fruit

A f t e r th e f o u n d i n g o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s i n 1 7 7 6 , s o n g s

w e r e w r i t t e n b y s l a v e s i n p r o t e s t a g a i n s t t h e i r 2(CAPTIVE) Songs like We Sholl Be Free and Steol Awoy

h a d th e i r ro o t s in r e l i g i o u s m u s i c , b u t t h e i r m e s s a g ewas more t- (POLITICS) One song, called Followthe Drinking Gourd, even contained code words that

h e l p e d s l a v e s e s c a p e t o o - ( F R E E ) i n t h e N o r t h b y

d e s c r i b i n g l a n d m a r k s a l o n g t h e r o u t e t h e y n e e d e d t ofollow

FEhilffIfd Work in pairs Discuss the questions Giveexamples where possible

I can uno{erttand and react to an article aboutJame(ne wha's made a radical chanqe in tlaelr ltfe

1 Work in pairs Read the quotation from Raymond

Chandler Do you agree with it? Give reasons

Ability is what you're capable of doing.

Motivation determines what you do Attitude

determines how well you do it.

2 Look at the photo and the first two lines of the article

Predict what the text is about Then skim-read it and check

your ideas

3 Read the text and choose the best answers

1 As a child, Jaeger played tennis because

a s h e w a n t e d t o b e th e b e s t i n th e w o r l d

b her parents put pressure on her to play

c she wanted to escape from her overbearing father

d s h e w a n t e d t o d e v e l o o a ' k i l l e r i n s t i n c t '

Jaeger gave up tennis when she

a started a children's charity

b got fed up with the competitive atmosphere on the

b the fact that she deliberately lost an important match

c a close friendship with Martina Navratilova

Look at the example of a reduced relative clause from thetext Expand it into a full relative clause

, | a e g e r l a c k e d t h e k i l l e r i n s t i n c t r e q u i r e d o f g r e a t c h a m p i o n s Find three more examples of reduced relative clauses in thetext (lines 72-!8,24-29,60-65) and expand them into fullrelative clauses

a $ Grammar B u i l d e r 4 2 : R e d u c e d r e l a t i v e c l a u s e s : p 121

Work in pairs Answer the questions

1 Do you admire Andrea Jaeger? Why?/Why not?

2 W h y d o n ' t m o r e f a m o u s p e o p l e d e v o t e t h e i r l i v e s t o

g o o d c a u s e s ?

3 D o y o u t h i n k t h a t y o u w o u l d b e w i l l i n g t o g i v e u p fa m e a n dfortune and devote your [ife to people less fortunate thanyourself? Why?/Why not?

4 ' K i d s s h o u l d b e d r i v e n b y th e i r o w n g o a l s a n d th e i r o w n

p a s s i o n , n o t b y s o m e o n e e l s e ' s T h a t ' s w h e n i t b e c o m e sdangerous.'To what extent do you agree or disagree withJaeger's view?

U n i t 4 C h a n g e s