cấu trúc ngữ pháp tiếng anh ôn thi đại học

SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG CẤU TRÚC ÔN THI ĐẠI HỌC 1) Always/ constantly (lien tục) / continually (lien tục) / forever (mãi) : dung tiếp diễn muốn than phiền Ex: You are always complaining about my cooking 2) be : dung tiếp diễn nói tạm thời/nhất thời, chất Ex: He is being naughty now (cậu nghịch ngợm ) He is usually obedient (cậu âý thường ngoan) 3) bị động: “be/get V3/ed” 4) bị động truyền khiến (nhờ người khác làm gì) : have / get sth done ( Vd: I had my car washed yesterday – đem xe rửa (tiệm rửa) Tuy nhiên, thường dùng “get” có “must” (Ex: I must get my car serviced), có nỗ lực (Ex: I eventually -cuối got the car fixed) , “trong câu mệnh lệnh” (Ex: Get your hair cut! Đi cắt tóc đi) (ai bị lấy cắp/… ) : have sth done (Vd: I had my car stolen yesterdaytôi bị xe) - chủ động truyền khiến: have sb sth , get/ask sb to sth : nhờ làm 5) should + V1 : sau động từ như: “advise / recommend / suggest / urge (thúc dục) / demand (đòi hỏi) / prefer / insist / request …” sau cấu trúc: “It’s important that / It’s necessary that / It’s good that …” Ex: He advised that you should go home It’s important that we should be modest (phải có that dùng should, khơng có that dùng to-V) -ta bỏ should cấu trúc Ex: He advised that you go home It’s important that we be modest 6) need V-ing : cần = need to be V3/ed 7) is/are to + V1 = have to (tương lai) = be supposed to ( Ex: All students are to assemble in the hall at 9:00) 8) be about to = be due to + V1 = be on the point of + V-ing : 9) wouldn’t V1: không chịu = refused to V1 (quá khứ) (Ex: I asked but she wouldn’t say) Won’t V1: không chịu (Ex: No matter what you say, she won’t tell the truth – Cho dù bạn nói gì, khơng chịu nói thật đâu) 10) would V1: thường làm khứ (chỉ với động từ hành động) (Ex: Every week he’d buy his mother a bunch of flowers) SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG 11) used to V1: từng, thường (+ động từ hành động/trạng thái) (Ex: I used to like (trạng thái) ice-cream; I used to go (hành động) swimming a lot) 12) was going to V1: dự định (nhưng không làm) 13) I was wondering if you wanted to… Tôi tự hỏi bạn có muốn… (dùng khứ nói : lịch sự) 14) have/has been V-ing: hoàn thành tiếp diễn : Cách dung 1: kéo dài đến giống hồn thành, cách dung 2: hành động chấm dứt để lại kết Ex: I’ve been running That’s why I’m hot 15) Don’t touch the switch (công tắc)  Bị động: The switch isn’t to be touched (Công tắc không chạm) 16) happen to V1 : tình cờ 17) should mệnh đề If : khả khó thể xảy (người nói khơng nghĩ xảy ra) Ex: if you should see Ann, could you ask her to call me? (Nếu bạn có gặp Ann, nói gọi nhé?) If your goods should have mistake, please let us know (Nếu hàng bạn bị lỗi, báo biết) 18) will/would mệnh đề If : lịch nhấn mạnh Ex: If you will / would wait here, I’ll see if Mrs Green is free (Nếu bạn chờ đây, xem Bà Green có rảnh khơng) 19) If you hadn’t helped us , … = but for your help, … (nếu khơng có bạn giúp) 20) If + tính từ : (Ex: If interested, apply within Nếu thích, nộp đơn vào trong) Ex: If necessary, take a taxi 21) Đảo ngữ mệnh đề If : bỏ If đảo “Had / Were / Should” trước S Ex: Should you see Ann, could you ask her to call me? 22) It’s time / It’s high time / It’s about time + S + V2/ed (hoặc were V-ing) : đến lúc It’s time / It’s high time / It’s about time + for O + to V1 23) would rather + S + were/ V2/ed : muốn làm Would rather + V1 (+ than V1): muốn làm (hơn là…) = would sooner … than … SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG 24) prefer to-V1 / V-ing : thích Prefer V-ing to V-ing : thích … … Would prefer: thích (Ex: I’d prefer it if you didn’t go Điều kiện 2) Would prefer + O + to-V1 (Ex: I’d prefer you not to go) 25) hardly ever = rarely = scarcely = seldom : (nghĩa phủ định) 26) no sooner … than… = harldly / barely / scarcely ….when … : … thì… just as … : 27) đảo ngữ : từ mang nghĩa phủ định đứng đầu câu Gồm từ như: Seldom, never, neither(cũng không), nor (cũng không), not, never before, on no account (khơng lý nào), under/in no circumstances (dù hoàn cảnh nào), at no time = never, by no means (không hề, không bao giờ), not only, barely (chỉ, vừa mới), only (only then, only once (chỉ khi), only later, only by…) , hardly, no sooner… Ex: Only then did she realize the truth Hardly had they finished work when the light went out -Not until, only when, only if : đứng đầu câu đảo ngữ mệnh đề Ex: Not until she arrived home did she have dinner Đảo ngữ với so / such: -So + adj + was + S that …: (Ex: So hot was the day that he took off his shirt) -Such + was + S that … : … (Ex: Such was his hunger (cơn đói) that he couldn’t go on learning) -Đảo trạng ngữ nơi chốn/phương hướng chuyển động đầu câu  đảo động từ trước chủ từ ( với điều kiện S cụm danh từ) Ex: Her father stood in the doorway  In the doorway stood her father A portrait of the King was above the fireplace Above the fireplace was a portrait of the King Here is/comes Sandra’s car (nhưng “Here she is” không đảo động từ S đại từ “she”) The rocket (tên lửa) went up  Up went the rocket -Đảo ngữ câu so sánh với “as / than”: Ex: The cake was excellent, as the coffee was  The cake was excellent, as was the coffee Children watch more television than adults  Children watch more television than adults 28) Although / when / if / since (từ khi) + V3,ed / V-ing / Adj : dạng rút gọn mệnh đề (khi S mệnh đề giống nhau) Ex: Although sick, he tried to come 29) whether … or … : dù … hay … Whether … (or not) : dù/liệu ….hay không 30) even if = whether or not : dù … hay không SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG Ex: Even if Tom doesn’t speak Spanish, I think he should still visit Madrid (= whether or not he speaks Spanish, I think…= whether he speaks Spanish or not, …) 31) Much as … = although : Ex: Much as I enjoyed the holiday, I was glad to be home 32) Adj + though / as … : Ex: Hot though (as) the night air was, they slept soundly (ngủ ngon) 33) in spite of the fact that = despite the fact that = although 34) mục đích hành động: for + N = to-V1 (I’m saving for a new car = I’m saving to buy a new car) Mục đích sử dụng đồ vật/thiết bị : for + V-ing (An umbrella is used for protecting us from the sun or rain) 35) provided (that) = providing (that) = as long as = so long as = on condition that : miễn = if Suppose = supposing (that) = Imagine : giả sử = if Given that = Assuming that : cho = if In case + S V: lỡ mà But for + cụm danh từ : khơng Ex: Imagine we won the competition! (Imagine what we would if we won the competition.) Suppose someone told you that I was a spy (gián điệp)! (What would you say?) 36) As if …= as though… : thể Ex: He acts as if he were in charge (sự thật: he isn’t in charge) (không thật tại) He acts as if he is in charge (sự thật: he is in charge) (thật tại) You look as if you had just seen a ghost (trông bạn thể vừa gặp ma) (không thật khứ) 37) as + mệnh đề / N : như, like + mệnh đề / N : như, giống 38) It was ….that….: ….mà… (trước “that” danh từ/ trạng từ / đại từ được) It was ….who / whom / which … : … mà…(theo quy tắc mệnh đề quan hệ) Ex: It was Mary that gave you the present ( = Mary gave you the present) 39) Mệnh đề danh từ làm S  động từ chia số Ex: What surprised me was his calmness (= His calmness surprised me) That he didn’t come was surprising ( = It was surprising that he didn’t come) SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG 40) Câu hỏi đuôi: -I am …., aren’t I? -V1 …., will you? (câu mệnh lệnh) -Don’t …., will you? (mệnh lệnh phủ định) - Let’s…, shall we? -This / that is …., isn’t it? - There is …., isn’t there? - có từ mang nghĩa phủ định “seldom, nobody, never, scarcely…” , khẳng định? 41) the+ N + of whom / which = whose + N : mệnh đề quan hệ Ex: The table the leg of which was broken yesterday has been repaired = The table whose leg was broken yesterday has been repaired 42) must + V1 :  phủ định: can’t V1 : (suy đoán tại) must have V3/ed :  phủ định : can’t have V3/ed : khơng thể (suy đốn q khứ) - tương tự suy đốn chắn với: “may / might / could” : mustn’t V1: khơng phép should V1 : nên (khuyên tại) should have V3/ed : lẽ nên (tiếc nuối chuyện khứ) 43) If I were you, … : lời khuyên 44) almost = nearly : hầu như, gần (thường với “all, every”) Ex : Almost everyone likes this food Most people : hầu hết người (nói chung) Most of the people : hầu hết người (nói riêng phận người đan nói) 45) Ngun tắc : hai câu khơng nối dấu phẩy, mà phải có liên từ (so, and, but, although…) Nguyên tắc 2: cụm Ving/ p.p có chủ từ giống mệnh đề sau Nguyên tắc 3: khơng có chủ từ, khơng chia 46) tính từ / danh từ / V3/ed / V-ing / to-V1 : đứng sau bổ nghĩa cho N Ex: Make the world happy; consider him good Make the world a better place; consider him the leader The house destroyed in the fire has been rebuilt (destroyed : bị phá huỷ  bị động) The house standing near the pine garden is mine (standing : đứng  chủ động) Who was the last person to leave the room? 47/ Tính từ/ V-ing / V3,ed / to-V : ĐỨNG ĐẦU CÂU HOẶC CUỐI CÂU LÀM TRẠNG NGỮ, NGĂN với mệnh đề BẰNG DẤU PHẨY (thực chất dạng rút gọn mệnh đề) SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG - V-ing , S + V : nghĩa chủ động ( Finishing homework, she went to bed) Having V3/ed , S + V : (Having finished homework, she went to bed) - V3/ed , S + V : nghĩa bị động (bị, được) (Cooked well, the food was more delicious) - To-V , S + V : Để … (To save money, I have to skip breakfast) - Tính từ, S+ V (Tired, she went to bed early) 48) Bare infinitive: nguyên mẫu không to God save the Queen! Long live the King! = May the King live long! Chúc Hoàng thượng vạn tuế Be that as it may, … : Tuy = Nevertheless Come what may, … : Dù chuyện xảy = Whatever may come / happen 49) No matter what = whatever + (N) + S + V, …: cho dù = It doesn’t matter what … No matter how = however + adj/adv + S + V, …: cho dù = It doesn’t matter how … Tương tự với who/whoever, where/wherever, when/ whenever… 50) likely (adj) : It’s very likely that she’ll ring me tonight: gọi điện cho tối He is likely to come now : anh đến 51) Given + cụm danh từ, … vào Ex: Given his age, he' s a remarkably fast runner =Ở tuổi anh ta, thật người chạy nhanh 52) regardless of …: bất chấp allergic to … (adj) : dị ứng với, ghét, có ác cảm với However, … : nhiên (có thể đứng cuối / câu) Nevertheless, … : (trang trọng However) While = Whereas …: (nối ý tương phản) 53) NGOẠI LỆ ĐỌC /id/ thêm –ed: * aged : có tuổi là, lớn tuổi (adj) * blessed : thần thánh, thiêng liêng, hạnh phúc, may mắn (adj) * crooked : cong, oằn, còng (adj) * dogged : ngoan cường, bền bỉ (adj) * learned : học rộng, uyên bác (adj) * naked : trần (adj) * ragged : xơ xác, tả tơi, bù xù (adj) SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG * wicked : xấu xa, độc ác, nguy hiểm (adj) * wretched : khốn khổ, khổ, bất hạnh (adj) 54) PHRASAL VERBS: Cut down on = reduce the amount of : cắt giảm Catch up with = reach the same place as : bắt kịp Come up against = meet , encounter (gặp phải) Come up with = think of : nghĩ Drop in on = visit : ghé thăm Face up to V-ing = accept , deal with : chấp nhận, giải Feel up to = feel fit to : cảm thấy khoẻ Get away with = avoid discovery : trốn với Get on with = continue with : tiếp tục với Get round to V-ing = find time to : có thời gian Get up to = do, often something wrong : làm chuyện sai Go in for = have as a hobby : thích Grow out of = become too old for : già để Keep up with = stay in the same place as : bắt kịp, theo kịp Look down on = disrespect : coi thường Look up to = respect : coi trọng Look forward to : mong Make up for = compensate for : bồi thường cho, đền cho Put up with = bear : chịu đựng Run out of = have no more of : hết, cạn Stand up for = defend : ủng hộ Ask after = ask for news of : hỏi thăm Call for = come and collect : đến rước Call on = visit : ghé thăm Come across = find by chance : tình cờ gặp / thấy Come into = inherit : thừa kế Count on = depend on : phụ thuộc vào Deal with = take action about : giải Do without = manage without : tự xoay sở mà khơng có Get at = suggest : đề nghị Get over = recover from : bình phục Go over = discuss the details : thào luận chi tiết Join in = contribute to : tham gia, đóng góp vào Live on = have as income : sống dựa vào Look into = investigate : điều tra Look round = look at everything : nhìn quanh Make for = go in the direction of : hướng Pick on = choose a person to punish : chọn để phạt Run into = meet by chance : tình cờ gặp See about = arrange : xếp See to = take care of, attend to : quan tâm, ý Stand for = tolerate : chịu đựng = đại diện cho, viết tắt Take after = have the same characteristic as : giống Call off = cancel : huỷ bỏ Leave out : chừa lại, bỏ qua Make up = invent : bịa Put aside = save : để dành Put off = postpone : hoãn Put sb up = provide accommodation : cho nhờ Show sb around = give a guided tour : đưa tham quan (nơi nào) Take over = buy a company, take sb’s place : tiếp quản, đảm trách Take up = start a hobby : bắt đầu chơi… Tear up = tear into pieces : xé vụn Think over = consider : suy nghĩ kỹ Try out = use for the first time : thử dung SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  Turn down = refuse an offer : từ chối Wear out = make tired : làm mệt lã Work out = find a solution : giải Break down = stop working : hư hỏng Break out = begin suddenly : nổ (chiến tranh) Come out = be published : mắt, xuất Get away = escape : trốn thoát Give in = yield : nhượng bộ, nhường KIỀU THỦY TRUNG Plead with : nài nỉ Go off = explode, ring : nổ, reo Look out = watch out : cẩn thận, coi chừng Show off = behave to attract attention : khoe khoang Take off = leave the ground : cất cánh = cởi Turn up = arrive : đến, xuất Wear off = fade away : mờ dần, yếu dần, phai dần 55) COMMUNICATION: 1/ - Do you feel like going to the cinema this evening? – That would be great 2/ - I’m awfully sorry about your carpet You must let me pay to have it cleaned – Don’t worry It’s all right 3/ - More coffee anybody? – I’d love some 4/ - Excuse me, but is it far from here to Anglesham? – Just keep going along this road 5/ - I wish you wouldn’t smoke in here! – Sorry, shall I open the window? 6/ - Could you tell me whether this train stops at Hatfield? – I believe it does 7/ - Shall I collect the tickets for you? – That would be a real help 8/ -What would you in my situation? – I think you should ask for a loan (khoản vay) from the bank 9/ - How you I’m Bill Thompson - How you (xin chào) 10/ - What you think of my new car? – It’s all right, I suppose 11/ - Do you promise to pay me back at the end of the month? – I promise 12/ - Can I use your phone? – Of course / you can’t / you mustn’t 13/ -Where you suggest I stay? – I recommend the Hilton 13/ - I can’t stop worrying about my exam tomorrow – I’m sure you’ll well 14/ -Would you mind move your bag from the seat? – Oh, sorry 15/ - How kind, you really shouldn’t have bothered – It was nothing, really ( Bạn thật tốt bụng, bạn thật lẽ khơng nên phiền làm gì.) 16/ -Is it all right if I use your bike? – Sure, go ahead Tổng hợp communication: Chúc mừng: —Well done and congratulations to you —Thanks very much —I hope you’ll succeed in everything —So I —I wish you success —Thank you —We send you our best wishes —Thank you very much —Happy new year ! —Happy new year!（The same to you.） —A merry Christmas to you —Thank you SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG —I hope you’ll have a good time —Thank you —Happy Birthday! —Thank you Mời: —Would you like to come to the party? —Oh yes, thank you —I hope you can come to the dance next Saturday —I’m sorry, but I can’t —Will you go dancing with us? —Of course I'll be glad to —Will you come to our English Evening? —Yes, thank you —Would you please give us a talk on English Learning? —OK When? —You and your friends must come over to my house and see mooncakes —OK Thank you very much Biểu lộ đồng ý không đồng ý: —I think the shop is closed at this time of day —No, I think it’s open —I think foreign languages are more interesting than science —I really can’t agree with you I prefer science —I think I shall read a book instead —Good idea That’s much better than watching a bad TV Programme —I don’t think that it's true He’s always telling strange stories —I know But this time I can’t decide if he is right or not —I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject —Maybe But I prefer art —Don’t think in Chinese when you’re speaking English —You are quite right Xin lỗi: —Sorry to trouble you —That’s all right —Oh, I am so sorry —That’s quite all right —I’m sorry to give you so much trouble —No trouble at all —I’m sorry I lost the key to your bike —It doesn’t matter —Sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time —It doesn’t matter —You haven’t paid for it yet —Oh, I’m really very sorry Khuyên bảo,đề nghị —The park isn’t far from here Shall we walk there? —OK —You’d better close the windows It’s cold in the room —All right —If you are not better by then, I’ll take you to see the doctor —OK Thank you very much —You must look after yourself and keep healthy —Yes, I will Thanks —The museum is very far from here Let’s catch a bus, shall we? —OK Let's catch a bus —You must remember the saying: Whatever you do, it well —Thank you for your advice SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG Gọi điện: —Hello! —Hello, Bill? —No, this is Sam —Hi, Sam This is Mike How are you? —Hello —Hello May I speak to Mr Green? —No Middle School —Mr Green, please —I’m sorry Mr Green is not in —When will he be back? —About six this afternoon —All right I'll ring again then —Very well —Hello! —Hello, Han Mei Could I borrow your Chinese-English Dictionary please? —Sorry! It’s not a very good line Could you speak more loudly? —Could I borrow your Chinese-English dictionary? —Sure I’ll bring it to you tomorrow —Thank you Goodbye Xin phép: —Please let me help you —No, thanks I can carry it —Can I see your licence, please? —OK —May I call you James? —Of course, if you wish —Could I borrow a pen, please? —Of course With pleasure —Excuse me May I use your dictionary? —Yes, here you are —May I ask you several questions? —Yes, of course Giup người khác: —May I help you? —Oh yes, thank you —Let me help you with the bags —Well, I can manage all right Thanks just the same —Can we help you? —I want to go to hospital But I can’t My leg hurts —Must I clean the classroom now? —Oh, you needn’t —Would you like a cup of tea? —Yes, please —What can I for you? —I’d like to have an English-English dictionary Hỏi đường: —Excuse me Where is the washroom, please? —Oh, it’s over there —Excuse me Can you tell me where the bookshop is? —Look! It’s on the other side of the road —How far is the post office, please? —Only a few kilometers —Will you please tell me the way to the railway station? —Go down this street At the end of the road you’ll see it —Excuse me Could you tell me how I can get to the supermarket? —Go straight along this road Then go over the bridge and turn right at the bookshop You’ll find it Mua sắm: —What can I for you? —I’d like some apples SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG —Where can I buy some stationery? —Let’s look at the shopping guide Oh, it’s on the ground Floor —Could I buy half a kilo oranges? —Certainly Here you are —Will you please show me that radio? —Certainly —How much is the radio? —Ninety yuan —Good morning, sir May I help you? —Yes, I’d like to buy a sweater Nói chuyện thời tiết: —It’s a fine day for a walk —Yes, the air is nice and clean —Oh dear! It’s very cold today —Yes, you need to wear warmer clothes —What’s the weather like today? —It’s fine —What’s the weather like in your country now? —It’s very hot —Lovely weather, isn’t it? —Yes, isn’t it? —I missed the weather report this morning Did you hear it? —Yes It said it would be partly cloudy today, with a strong wind from the northwest Hỏi ngày,giờ: —Hi, Mary What time is it now? —It’s about three —What day is it today? —It’s Wednesday —Excuse me Could you tell me what time the plane leaves? —Certainly It leaves at ten in the evening —What’s the time? My watch has stopped —Let me see It's five to ten —Excuse me Have you got the time? —Yes, it’s six twenty —Excuse me Could you tell me the time? —Oh sorry, I don’t have my watch with me Cuộc hẹn: —Are you free next Wednesday evening? I want to go to the cinema with you? —Yes, I’d like to —When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? —I don’t mind Either time is OK —Are you free later today? —Sorry, I'm free every day except today —Are you able to come tomorrow morning? —I think so —Are you free this afternoon? —Oh no Will this evening be all right? —I’m busy today What about tomorrow afternoon? —That would be fine Shall we make it nine o'clock? Cấm đoán,cảnh báo: —Don’t climb that ladder! It’s broken —OK Thank you —Look out! There’s a car coming —Oh, thank you —You mustn’t play on the street It’s dangerous —No, we won’t —Don’t touch the machine when it is working —No, I won’t Thank you —You are not allowed to smoke here —Oh, I’m sorry SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG —You can’t walk your dog in the park —Oh, I’m sorry I’ll never it again Đi bác sĩ: —I’m feeling tired, doctor —Have a good rest and then you’ll feel better —How are you feeling today? —I’m feeling even worse —Doctor, she is not feeling well —Nothing serious, I hope —Doctor, I have to take the medicine before or after meals? —Three times a day after meals —What’s the matter? —I’ve got a headache —What’s your trouble? —I’ve had a pain in my stomach since morning Showing interest Uh-huh! Right! Really? That's interesting! And? What then? Oh? What happened next? Showing that you're listening Now, you mentioned So, that's how ? Yes, I was going to ask you about that Could you give me / us an example of ? Could you explain in more detail ? Thanking and responding Many thanks Thanks a lot Cheers! That's very kind of you Thank you very much Not at all It's a pleasure / My pleasure You're welcome Don't mention it 10 Any time 11 That's OK / all right SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG 12 I'm glad to have been of some help Apologizing Sorry I'm very/awfully/so/extremely sorry Excuse me Sorry, (it was) my fault I apologize Please accept my apologies Accepting an apology That's all right/OK Not to worry That's quite/perfectly all right No reason/need to apologize Don't worry about it Talking About Actions Giving instructions Make sure Remember (to do) Be careful (not to do) Don't forget (to do) Giving directions Go straight on Take the first/second on the left / right Turn left / right Go along as far as 10 Take the number bus / tram 12 Get off (the bus / tram) at (place) 13 Carry on until you see 14 Look out for Checking someone has understood Are you with me? Did you follow that? Have you got that? Is everything clear so far? Does that seem to make sense? Sequencing actions First of all, SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG Next, Then, After that, Finally, Making suggestions Shall I / we (do)? Let's (do) Why don't I / we (do)? How about (doing)? What about (doing)? I think we should (do) I suggest that we (do) It might be a good idea if we / you (do) I think the best way of dealing with this situation would be to (do) 10 If you ask me, I think we / you should (do) 12 We could Agreeing to a suggestion Yes, I think that's a good idea That's probably the best option Sure, why not? Yes, definitely By all means = of course = certainly Good idea! MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS What is the topic of the passage? What is the subject of the passage? What is the main idea of the passage? HOW TO IDENTIFY What is the author's main point in THE QUESTION the passage? With what is the author primarily concerned? Which of the following would be the best title? The answer to this type of question WHERE TO FIND THE can generally be determined by ANSWER looking at the first sentence of each paragraph SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG MỘT SỐ CÁCH ĐỌC VÀ PHÁT ÂM: 1) Khi gặp gạch chữ S : bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/,nhưng có ngoại lệ cần nhớ : s đọc /z/ chữ sau: raise, busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison -Chữ s đọc /ʃ / sugar,sure 3) chữ CH -CH đọc /ch/ bình thường - CH đọc : /k/ gồm chữ sau; chemist, ache, christmas, mechanic, architect, character ,chaos ,technology ,echo -CH đọc /ʃ / machine, champagne, chamois, chalet, charade , 4) chữ H chữ H sau h câm hour, honor, honest (và gia đình từ chữ này) 5) chữ GH bình thường đọc /f/ chữ sau GH không đọc: plough, though, although, weigh 6) chữ B câm ,khi đứng sau chữ m: climb, bomb, lamb 7) W câm: sword Chữ T , câm SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG Listen , often Đối với âm /u/ /u:/ /u/ gồm: put, pull, full, could, woman, foot, look, good, book /u:/ gồm: food, school, tooth, fruit, June, noon, soup, through, move, shoe, 9) có số chữ thêm vào phía sau biến thành âm khác say -> /ei/ says -> /e/ nation -> /ei/ national -> /a/ south -> /au/ southern -> /^/ breath -> /e/ breathe -> /i:/ Sau vài nguyên tác mà thầy rút trình xem xét đề thi, em áp dụng 1) Nguyện tắc R : Đó nguyện tắc : chữ R đứng sau nguyên âm làm biến đổi cách đọc ngun âm Ví dụ : hat -> đọc /a/ (a ngắn ) rat -> đọc /a/(a ngắn ) : hart -> /a:/ (a dài ) hot -> /o/ ( o ngắn ) not -> /o/ ( o ngắn ) : morn -> /o:/ (o dài ) 2) Phưong pháp vần nhấn: Nguyên tắc sau: SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG Ngun âm có vần nhấn (stress) phát âm khác với ngun âm khơng có vần nhấn ví dụ : her -> /ơ dài / ( vần xem vần nhấn ) certain -> /ơ dài / ( vần nhấn ) nhưng: father -> /ơ ngắn / ( vần không nhấn ) CÁC QUY TẮC ĐÁNH TRỌNG ÂM: QUY TẮC 1: Động từ có âm tiết -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Ex: be'gin, be'come, for'get, en'joy, dis'cover, re'lax, de'ny, re'veal,… Ngoại lệ: 'answer, 'enter, 'happen, 'offer, 'open… QUY TẮC 2: Danh từ có âm tiết -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Ex: 'children, 'hobby, 'habit, 'labour, 'trouble, 'standard… Ngoại lệ: ad'vice, ma'chine, mis'take… QUY TẮC 3: Tính từ có âm tiết -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Ex: 'basic, 'busy, 'handsome, 'lucky, 'pretty, 'silly… Ngoại lệ: a'lone, a'mazed, … QUY TẮC 4: Động từ ghép -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Ex: be'come, under'stand, QUY TẮC 5: Trọng âm rơi vào vần sau: sist, cur, vert, test, tain, tract, vent, self Ex: e'vent, sub'tract, pro'test, in'sist, main'tain, my'self, him'self … QUY TẮC 6: Với hậu tố sau trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết chứa nó: -ee, - eer, -ese, -ique, -esque, -ain Ex: ag'ree, volun'teer, Vietna'mese, re'tain, main'tain, u'nique, pictu'resque, engi'neer… Ngoại lệ: com'mittee, 'coffee, em'ployee… SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG QUY TẮC 7: Các từ có hậu tố –ic, -ish, -ical, -sion, -tion, -ance, -ence, -idle, -ious, -iar, ience, -id, -eous, -acy, -ian, -ity -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết liền trước Ex: eco'nomic, 'foolish, 'entrance, e'normous … QUY TẮC 8: Hầu tiền tố không nhận trọng âm Ex: dis'cover, re'ly, re'ply, re'move, des'troy, re'write, im'possible, ex'pert, re'cord, … Ngoại lệ: 'underpass, 'underlay… QUY TẮC 9: Danh từ ghép -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Ex: 'birthday, 'airport, 'bookshop, 'gateway, 'guidebook, 'filmmaker,… QUY TẮC 10: Tính từ ghép -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Ex: 'airsick, 'homesick, 'carsick, 'airtight, 'praiseworthy, 'trustworth, 'waterproof, … Ngoại lệ: duty-'free, snow-'white … QUY TẮC 11: Các tính từ ghép có thành phần tính từ trạng từ, thành phần thứ hai tận –ed -> trọng âm rơi vào thành phần thứ Ex: ,bad-'tempered, ,short-'sighted, ,ill-'treated, ,well-'done, well-'known… QUY TẮC 12: Khi thêm hậu tố sau trọng âm từ khơng thay đổi -ment, -ship, -ness, -er/or, -hood, -ing, -en, -ful, -able, -ous, -less Ex: · ag'ree – ag'reement · 'meaning – 'meaningless · re'ly – re'liable · 'poison – 'poisonous · 'happy – 'happiness · re'lation – re'lationship · 'neighbour – 'neighbourhood SƯU TẦM VÀ COPY  KIỀU THỦY TRUNG · ex'cite - ex'citing … QUY TẮC 13: Những từ có tận là: –graphy, -ate, –gy, -cy, -ity, -phy, -al -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ từ lên Ex: eco'nomical, de'moracy, tech'nology, ge'ography, pho'tography, in'vestigate, im'mediate,… CHÚC CÁC EM HỌC TỐT!!!! ... see mooncakes —OK Thank you very much Biểu lộ đồng ý không đồng ý: —I think the shop is closed at this time of day —No, I think it’s open —I think foreign languages are more interesting than science... cho tối He is likely to come now : anh đến 51) Given + cụm danh từ, … vào Ex: Given his age, he'' s a remarkably fast runner =Ở tuổi anh ta, thật người chạy nhanh 52) regardless of …: bất chấp... (doing)? I think we should (do) I suggest that we (do) It might be a good idea if we / you (do) I think the best way of dealing with this situation would be to (do) 10 If you ask me, I think we