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'O+ TVI,*&W+f&&3'@?$%+'O+ #W+'Z0DU@*,W+k,M*<? 5 µ = 0E VI,*,WN+f&0g>"+45*X 0 ,0 IO+&U&I"Z#+0]B*+,@&&=,M ?^&&o+ !"J 0 &I"Z#+8+#9+$6+LI@+6+,@&, 5 0hW&#A, 5 #Zr pM&I"Z#+6+,@&)+X+,@&?c	+"G0 pjZM'O+$%0 !Ir ,BO+,I&3ZK&?b?$% ? 4 4 0,#bI&9,* ?$%+'KNU#] 45512 5 45S,*0 m,I#3+k+I"GU#B*I+ B,?G#H551B,?G#Hd551 +k,&W&B&3W&&W&U0]B*W2I>+B,I'I+J !Ir ,#UK&#Z*+@+,IV4d05 pY #<+'O+ 'K:,#\&=,*,*+W&#;I0hW&#AAK >I# ?6&=,#UK&V 5 #Z&U&!)+J !Ir #:*:&6 4 4 4 4 S 4 Ω d ?* HN+I-#U&3I>#U#+ SV ξ = _&345 F µ O'H&3#UN>?60 ,0 d 4 Ω BO'H&\d0]K#UK& r ξ S d &=,_J 0 hW&#A d #Z&O+I>G d &^&#:K&O+I>#3J !ISr •++f&&3W'K 4 #Z'(*M <+'@?$%+*4S5'+Q*<#>?G&,5*, b #;I+EVI,*f*,W0+f&?*#‚,&3 '@?$%+4'+0g>"+45*X 0DT"LW&#A#?6?^&ƒJ !Idr j<*MW+IO++3&6_&&K&=,>I'K &. &•+&;IE/M0`HIAHM f&_&&K*#:5&*B .AH&*0H)+.+$7+%2#bI)+?b.,I' A& &I"Z0 ,0 j!"?>I'K+BJ]KGI&^&=,>I'KJ 0 `HI#<G**>I'K9,&3y 4d5&*W6>I'KG#-+ _&B>".&W&U>I'K5&*0hW&#AAKMJ !Izr `GI&W&#U@*,W$%+k,M*< 28++G+*&\ •+?^&'H0H)+*<28+ +G+'O+?*M^$%0 jqq` * F r J „… `†}…`n f&;I $/+?&;I&I"Z#+0 HI?G&;I $/+,#$%&r ,Mr m g T m a− = Mr T N m a µ − = ( ) X N m g m g m g m m a m g m g a m s m m T m g a N µ µ = ⇒ − = + − ⇒ = = + ⇒ = − = n,@&r Xa a a m s= = = Mr 5 m g T m a a− = + Mr 5 5 ms T F m a N m g a T m g a m a µ − = = − ⇒ − − = ]QI",r 5 5 5 m g m g a m a a m a m m a g a m m µ µ − − = + + + ⇒ = − − 5 X S X a a m s a m s = = ⇒ = jZM'O+$%,450 5 5 Xa g m s⇒ = = nf*?'@?$%+ZK&'K+B0 gc&#bIr 5 5 mRTm PV RT P V µ µ = ⇒ = gc&,Ir m RT m RT m RT P V V V µ µ µ = = = d m m m m V V V V V = + + = + + = 6* * * ?'@?$%+ZK&'K+*lB,I' I+0 5 d d d m mP m m P m m m m m m = = = + + + + ]r 5 05S S m T m T m T m T P P atm P = = = = ⇒ = ⇒ = = N r T r P r ms F r P r T r $ $$ V V V F r F r F r * F r P r T r 5 F r
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