!"#$# !"#$%&'()*'!+ , - . , /.00 !")+0/$1# !+ '/ '2!+ 3 !"!#)45/ 6 7 08+ 9:! ;'3 !"<=>?>)+@A >B CD)'-,E ,E !+>F) @:G H!H//A= !) F'/ C.@AIJ<K L E π E '!+80J</ %&'()*+,+&&&% &/ ! &/MFG)+)$H!H/NFGM0F:)+(:<)$M 0H!H/.0'OP0F(87'"Q87>B R ( S!H T U : H T !"'). VV T !" -W,-/ ,W -WLX/ ,W YYV/ E Z U C Z U.!@ -,/ Y -,/ Y 2)[' U%'>'()*' U%(\8?>'()*' UG/N 00>F:FG8?>H!H]!:)$/ %&'(0,+12+3-4565+&7 &/ ^_ H!H=A`!"#'*/.0H!HA`!" <8?'"3:+=!:H!H/^AaP!:`%<,EJA`!" PH!H4`%</S!H]!:*>$8*FGbF8A$ /S!H]!:*>+!J`!"8*FGb3()+%c0$ (/d:H!H'e'P>H!H 'f !+!:H!H8e+/ ^g>H!H '=!:!+, , / D A a P !: H!H , E L T UP!:H!H T d h 8 DH!H ' , X X E, h_ !:H!H!F '" +0:G!:/.0H!H=&=:G!:A `!"8?/ T U0:G!:!+0i0 jB>:%k/ D:G!:P=!:H!H8?>AaP!:/^%5!:Tl=:G!:>/ d:d,,:G!:!+>)+:/d:hEE:G!:!+>:%/// DH!H '=:G!:B:G!:>A ',H!H:G!::A '- H!H:G!:%A 'H!H:G!:kA 'LH!H/ d:H!H DH!H ' RG8H!H0:G!: T , > , d, X ,> , ,: - hE X E> , E: - E% !"#$%& d+08 I% c>a:G8H!H0!:)+:G!:/Da:G8P0H!H GH0!)+;Q>B mF0 (870H!H 3!<!"08 A`!"n#:!/ ^=8 lI [#!+ H!H)+ H!H+I'= a;0 [;5 P_ H!H/ ^&=:G!:0H!H>o:G808 >>H!H'= G!+ ')+0H!H+:7 [a; / ! >,>,:E>E:L>E%L:V>L%V:->LkV%-:W>Vk-% ^%5B.#JH!HPpHpH ,C pH EC pHB> , ,> , ,: - E> , E: - E% - L> , pH ,C B> , ,> , ,: - E> , E: - E% - qpH EC B> , ,> , ,: - E> , E: - E% V r+ 9:J> :<`'M)* 8J)+0'* f D U'"H@A\C'\!+g>F:!+g >F(/ Z ) X,f'<87<+;!9>B ≤ ≤ ! 9: ; ! &<,=+8M0&' UFG/ZI0'* fI`A)+> O' UFG\/ > ?@)2!+i&>:0)[>(%'> P b0/ ^%5 '8'M)*!+ , E N s ^ 8JP= , E C 8C C/// ^' , E ///!+> P0%M)*28///!++:<t(AP0 'M)*'/ '()$%*+*, .0'">Q:3:H [`%<P' UFG/ .0&>!:H!H'"3:)+=+/ .0&>H!H*'"3:)+==/ -(./0 "#$ h_ f'">Q:3:)+=@P87/DAaP@!+> U / "%&'( rM0+Pb&>!:H!H'">Q:3:H [ `%<' UFG/ r7<+8MWJ'EJ$)+LJ!/ "&)$ rM0#JH!HP(a)+#f < / r7<+X Unu'3Kuuu)+Xrur'3Kuuur/h_ == KuuurE=/ C.0+H!H &' [)+:G!:>O:=/ C.0+H!H &' [)+:G!:%Ok=r/ '(.12$%& ^=JB^H [`%<P' UFG80P0 7%</ ^=B^H [n% 800`%</ -()34 &)&&*+ ,!-$&./0.& &&* '&1!23&45" A ^=JH [`P' UFG`!" A#`%</ ^=H [n% `!" 7%</ 5(678 67809,7$0:& '&5&;<< ,!$0) =&8!" ^=JH [`P' UFG'=G' U`%</ ^=H [n% '=G' U 7%</ 9(: T 3:0fH [' UFG`%<>a8 3'g <+P !:H!H+ & '(27;<7 >&' 30:& '&5&?<< 3 &-& @4A&=&'0: & '&5&<< 3 &-& 8" ^=JH [`P' UFG !F 7%<'Mj : `%</ ^=H [n% !F `%<'Mj : 7%</ -(=> ^=J*#P=) `%<n'3W/.2*) ' 7%<nL'3/ 5(2,<?@( ^=JH [`P' UFG P0 )+ ' `%< 'Mj 8v( 7%</ ^=H [n% P0 )+ ' 7%<'M j 8v(`%</ 9(6>A0 B>&&*,$C&&-&=&/-&&*,04&*-&=&*3 D$0)E0F/& -&< &,09&&3&8!" r 3)*P=87<+I>#FP ')+"!F / r 3)*P=87<+I>i#(87P .I>>0#fP0?87<+/ : wP0 !F : !+'F'3#J8[)iP 38?09H!HF I":# :H!HF":#= 0*;Q80/ .0 3'e!:)$H!H8e2%'bMF ]%F:G=/ ZO' IP0":#%!+ U'=7 U'=>@ %c0 %@ :GaN , x/N":# @%y' U]%F I%y' U 7 /d 3 @#8e2)+@'*@ / ZO' IP0":#! 3=*!+ U'=7)+ U'=>@ #:( >) ":# /d 3=*&H0H:P8 I +! 3 !+H:P5! 3π!+H:P8/3 H>O:H!H%& i ! 3=*'" +! 3'(! 3'@ )+! 38/3 H)*P O:H!H%& i ! 3=*M! 3=*@a , N , .! , ///)+! 3=*aN.!N E N , x////3 HMPO: H!H%&! 3=*M! 39: )+! 3=*@ j/ d 3=*#8e2)+'*@ /r] )90:G ":#=*=J%F#'*Bz 0A% U>0: 0 80% U/ T@ 9{+ i0# I! 3 )+=0*/j j %& U>'=G' U∆χ'I|=# I! 30fJ/3 U>'=G' U∆χ≥ WJ#' I! 3 3 U>'=G' U∆χ}WJ#' I! 3=0 *F !UNp∆χ~W)y=!F ! 3=0*/^! 3=* j 2:G8 U! 3=*:Ga ∆χ≥L)+! 3=*@:G a }∆χ}L/ .I>>0 I! 30f;87>B BC& BC&+D,&72 NJ+ i !F ' IJ)+: ' IJ/ N U>'=G' U∆χ≥W NJ + i 0 O< / N U>'=G' U≤∆χ}W !F j H!H ] + %(/: 9H!H] + G/.0 0 %#b8?!a .0 : H!H/ .0 H!H%&=FGP7 /^%5BN , N.!/// E b•' U/^%5B.!h.! , /// r7#B%!ab•' U i0 ' U0 %#/ d 3 = 0 * @ a '@ H!H%&@8*!U)[ +B , N , ///≤∆χ}L d 3=0*a '@ H!H %&8*!U)[=BNr N , x/ W~∆χ≥L d 39: !+=j": P! 3=0*/^''@ H!H %&'"J+%='/^%5:G!€' Dx , @ A#FPDx , D d 39'" U8?=4 /h_ 4 8 I% c=O:H!H%& '4 !+H!H'<!+9H!H/ .@AH!HB8 c% c_ O:H!H%&8? %##/ .@A#FB3_ O:H!H%&@AH!H8?=)F '"@A#F/.@A#F8 3Ja3":P0:G / ^%5B@AH!H)+@A#FP !+ x N x x N Da! 08 !+>ag":3P08 F+08 ! 0 U/.0%F! 0jO:!+B Cd 0>: E Bg":=8 >) 88 :F88 /6! 0A% U !+Y ,X•/^%5:G.N L J%FA% U8?] GA% U8 ']8'lPA% U/ Cd 0>: , Bg":=8 >) 8 :F+88 ! 0/6! 0 0 !+, /^%5:G. , N L 08 P8! 0>: , %'J%F:G '";'*8] ! 3!+, / d 0>: , d 0>: E d 0>: F Cd 0>:Bg":P=8 >) =8 :F 8 ! 0/6! 0>:!+ X / ^%5:G. , N , 78?='jz/ d 3σ)+! 3πB 9'=H!H!#9:)+7 i'j F G>aH:P508 f !+! 3σ/T 9'=H!H!# ])[ :PO:z:G>aH:P808 ! 3π/d 3π |8[(! 3σ/d 3'(B!+! 30f8?=O:H!H%&/d 3 '(lM! 3σ/d 3'@ M=! 3δ)+=! 3π/d 38M=! 3δ )+ ! 3π/ .0":# j U'=7 U'=>@ .! X ./^ 0":#:G U'=7 U'=>@ #:/ .0":##bF IjA ( 0":#F I:Gj|8['0 ))/// .0 I !F '[%‚%y' U)+%y U/ G$ H& ,7$ =&8!-09&,!,$0)AE5 0I&J'E! =&8!0-'E " B18>+C,1D&E ZI0'*> 0n@A:Gj %a)+0;Q>B G &H+D 0P0'(#8?/ G &H+8^<30":# I> 0PN!+Cn0":#PN) !F N.N , JN> 0 / I> 0Px!+,n=>j":N , x , p , xx> 0!<!"!+C/ G &H+>^=:Gg> 0P08?@/^H;Q+ IJ> 0P=+':G38 3> 0P02!F / G &H+A^ '(> 0P8?' UP '/^ 'g> 0P0 '8?' UP/ FGEZI8 I% c> 0J) 3%#>>2'I8 I% c' UJ) 3> %#>/3' U!+COI) 3'( 7!+CO>' ) > 0:7 ) 3 '<'P7%#)+iCO/ B18>+C,1D!; ^=>:G '#F:AF:> 0P0P &=I0/K U0'*> 0H@A:Gl> 08J2'I0'*0> 0Pn:G:7 %a)+@ J A#F/Z [+'O8 U b:bIG8?0:7A 0P":#i( l=:9 :7A 0=0'( 7)+%c%+(/ QB 0O:H!H'[!U++)[:P'=G' U !( 'H>H!H+j9'I0'*> 0P/ ^%5B h=IMF ] [F0 0> 00/ ^%5BI0> 0BECC,CECLCV/ DI0> 0B,CLC- 9#3=MF ]F0 0B C.#JlI 7> 0lI') 2!+# 0/ C^#:#JlI`> 0lI') 2!+#/ C^ J)nI`> 0)nI 7> 0I') 2!+# 0O#/ ^A!+I%a'0# 0P=#%a)+> 0P0 :G/ ^%5B^N E > 0E!+> 0#:#lI`> 0A!+ lI') 2!+#0:7A0f/ ^Nx E > 0CV!+> 0#lI 7> 0A!+l I') 2!+# 0/ ,+0,+12+,+<0,+K&L+K+MND& &< D 0G#:#P=8?>H!H '+=P 'I9'I'F'"#JP 3l7' ) 0: 0 !F @> 0G/N8?X>AaP ) NB,>AaP% 3>Nl H!H ^%5B.0KR///VH!H0*I9 'EH!H> 0#:#!+E/ .0uK.D LH!H0*I9 'LH!H> 0 #:#!+L/ .0Kuup.!ruWH!H0*/.I9 'H!H> 0#:#!+/ D 0%(B> 0%(#P=8?>AaP/ ^%5B.0uT//H!H0*> 0%(#!+ C/ O .0Kuup.!ruWH!H0*> 0%(#!+CW/ .0 !F jl=> %(8?>H!H0*) pH,> 0 %(!+C,)+CE.E> 0%(!+C,CE)+C-.,> 0%(!+C)+C,/ . [0'IG8?:(J:7A 0(PQ(,(1<9(PQ (,(&RST565+&79(PQ(,(&RSTU565+&7/]'Gl'[9:'3:(:0: `8?H!H)J'G!+:(:0:'( 7!F IG8?<30:(J :7A 0/.08G8?H:(:0:+>B PV+w0'*> 0P0:7Al8 I% c> 0P i+>a'g > 0/^n'%a)+%# U98 3'I0'*# 0#/ PV+8K 3;0J 0)+;0J)+G8?_ ;0J/ PV+>^JU>":# 0)+#HQBg>H!H:7 8?g>H!H9/^A!+' J8= >$#P>H!H)+>H!H9 >'!#8= >' >H!HO9J'"U>P#)+# 0 (A/ PV+AZOU>P# 0)+#)+:(J:7A/D'G8?'30 #@ )+:7A 0/ PV+:T I!F 3;7/ WXYR7A 0'( 7@@ j rBw0'*> 0# 0# .# 0BpH CE pH , x E .#B , N r,BK 30;0J 0 ,pH CE C,EH → ,pH ;0J , N → ,N C C,H;0J 0 %&;KL&&* H& M'&!N)&OP$Q&4R =&8!&(=&5&&9P$MJ&OP$ =&8!N- S(&'&!M H& N4"2&@TU< A )&OP$-V =&8! 4U< W A @ /&&9P$V- S(&'&!A H& " XQY^JU> ;0J 0)+ r= >$#rD.-%'U>_ ;0J>B ,pH CE C,EH→,pH E , N →,N C C,H XQZZOU># 0#)+:(J Z pH , x E CEN , → ,pHCEN , x XQ[T I!F 0U>:(J3'e'bJ++) UG8?3> <H!F n8/ WXY8R7A 0'# 02) 2!+@ j XQRw0'*> 0# 0# .# 0BD C- N , Dx L .#B. XQVK 3;0J 0;0JB .→. C, C,H;0J 0 D C- C,H→D CL ;0J XQY^JU> ;0J 0)+ rD., .→. C, C,H D C- C,H→D CL XQZZOU># 0#)+:(J \ GW D0)]-&* H& D0)]-^?&9P$,) =&4(&'&^=&5-&9P$,S(&'&!-=&57&=&/&-^?" &&=&*0)&]&&?8J&9P$$_" XQ[T I!F 0U>:(J3'e'bJ++) UG8?3> < H!F n8/ WXY>R7A 0:AF:B [# 0O XQRw0'*> 0# 0# .# 0Bx , .#BpH C, D pHD , XQVK 3;0J 0;0JB \ )&&*'&!-U< AG 7=&8!/ES(& H& ,&;` 7&S(&0)3A&;K055 O9P$! =&8!U<G U< -G -RV ,pH C, →,pH CE C,HpH , x E pH CE U>, ,,D →,D CL CHpHD , D U>, ,pHD , →,pH CE C,D CL C,,H ,pHD , →,pH CE C,D CL C,,H;0J 0