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[...]... Position sense or proprioception involves input from cutaneous met hanoreceptors, Golgi tendon organs, and muscle spindles (mid dle figure of upper panek Both monosynaptic reflex pathways (mid dle figure ol upper panel) and polysynaptic pathways involving sev eral spinal cord segments (top and bottom figures ot upper panel) initiate muscle contraction teflexes The lower panel shows the somatotopir... Botfv of fofnix Thalamus L'ncus Crura of frwnix Fimbna of hippocampus Hippocampus Commissure of fomix Spienium of corpus callosum lateral ventricle Body of fomix Coiumns of fornix C om nirSsure o f fornix Crura of fornix Mamillary bodies Amygdaloid bodies F i g u r e 2 1 8 Hippocampus with fimbria m H ip p o c a m p u s a n d F o r n ix The limbic system includes the hypothalamus and a collection of interconnected... illustrated I atpf.ll «lSper! of cerebral rortex to show topographic profec lion of motor tenters on prpcentrdl gynts Motor system l ibers originate in motor cortex and rk'si end via posterior limb of internal capsule 10 basts pedunculi of m k !brain Longitudinal bundle' brant h upon entering basis pontis and rejoin to enter pyramids of medulla At lower medulla, bulk of fibers cross median plane to form... the upper portion of the system (upper motor neuron) The ante rior horn cells and tbeir associated axons constitute the lower por tion of the system ilower motor neuron) Superior c erellellar peciuni le Middle cerebellar peduncle To contralateral cerebellar cortex Cortical input Nucleus reticularis tegmenri pontis fissure Pontine nuclei (contralaleral) Spinal inpul Inferior olive Upper part of medulla... ' prc:iptlt ! f«Ul t? i ’ 1 U / intcrcalalus Olfactory tract / horn« Ventromedial nucleus OpUc (III nerve Optic chiasm ( r T t 'b r a l Red nucleus Mamillary ( omplex Iut>erohypnphy v ll tract Oculomotor (III) nerve Supraoptic nucleus Supraoptic ohypophyseal tract ■Posterior lobe of pituitary Anterior looe of pituitary C H A R T 2.3 peduncle "V jrO o ts ^ l ( longitudinal fasciculus " Descending Hypothalamic... cortex: posteen tral gyrus Posterior limb oi internal capsule Ventral posterolateral (VPL1 nucleus of thalamus MesrtK ephalon ¡cerebral peduncles! Medial lemniscus Cradle nucleus Spinothalamic tract Cuneate nudeus I ower part of medulla oblongata Fasciculus gracilis Fasciculus cuneatus Reticular formation Dorsal (posterior) spinal root ganglion PrttpritH eptian, position Cervical part of spinal cord... Cutaneous receptors respond to touch 1mechanoreceptors), pain (nociceptors), and temperature (thermotec eptors) Several different ty[>es of receptors are present in skin Meissner's corpuscles have small receptive fields and respond best to stimuli that are applied at low frequency (i.e., flutter) The pacinian corpuscles are located in the subcutaneous tissue and have large receptive lidds They respond best... ul pulse applied to lamellated capsule are transmitted to central axon and provoke generator potentials, wtiich in turn may trigger action potentials; there is no response to a slow change in ptessure gradient Pressure at central core and, accordingly, generator potentials arc rapidly dissipated hy viscoelastic properties o( capsuk' (Action potentials may be blocked hy pressure at a node or by drugs!... (relay for proprioceptive information) Spinal input Cervical pan _ of spinal cord From skin (touch and pressure) Motor interneuron From muscle (spindles and Golgi tendon organsl Rostral spinocerebellar tract Spinal border cells Motor interneuron Lumbar part of sptnal cord Clarke's column Ventral spino cerebellar tract From skin and deep tissues [pain and Golgi tendon organs) ! Anterior lobe Primary-... ovem ent controlling posture and balance and m ovem ent of the head and of the distal portions of the limbs It helps in the planning of motor eyes It sends efferent fibers to the appropriate descending m otor activity (e.g., seeing a pencil and then planning and executing the pathyvays Th e paleocerebellum primarily controls m ovem ent ot the m ovem ent of the arm and hand to pick it up) Free nerve endings . Botfv of fofnix Thalamus L'ncus Crura of frwnix Fimbna of hippocampus Hippocampus Commissure of fomix Spienium of corpus callosum lateral ventricle Coiumns of fornix Crura of fornix Mamillary. il part of spinal cord Upper lumbar parr o( spinal cord IL1-2 1311 Sacral part of spinal turd Parotid glaml Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs heart Sympathetic fiber« Presynaptic ■ [ Postsynaptic Infer«. chiasm Anterior looe of pituitary Red nucleus Mamillary ( omplex Iut>erohypnph yv.ll tract Oculomotor (III) nerve Supraoptic nucleus Supraoptic ohypophyseal tract ■ Posterior lobe of pituitary "V j