[...]... · · 152 Transport Processes at the Nephron · · · 154 Reabsorption of Organic Substances · · · 158 Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license 148 Excretion of Organic Substances · · · 160 Reabsorption of Na+ and Cl– · · · 162 Reabsorption of Water, Formation of Concentrated Urine · · · 164 Body Fluid Homeostasis · · · 168... Language · · · 336 Glia · · · 338 Sense of Taste · · · 338 Sense of Smell · · · 340 Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license 310 Sense of Balance · · · 342 Eye Structure, Tear Fluid, Aqueous Humor · · · 344 Optical Apparatus of the Eye · · · 346 Visual Acuity, Photosensors · · · 348 Adaptation of the Eye to Different Light Intensities... membrane The enclosed spaces (cisterns) make up around 10% of the cell volume, and the membrane comprises up to 70% of the membrane mass of a cell Ribosomes can attach to the cytosolic surface of parts of the ER, forming a rough endö Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license C Transcription and translation Genomic DNA Nucleus... Logarithms · · · 380 Graphic Representation of Data · · · 381 The Greek Alphabet · · · 384 Reference Values in Physiology · · · 384 Important Equations in Physiology · · · 388 Further Reading 391 Index 394 XIII Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license 1 Fundamentals and Cell Physiology “ If we break up a living organism... Scientific American Books, New York, 1995 Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license Jdiff ϭ A ! D ! 1 Fundamentals and Cell Physiology Passive Transport by Means of Diffusion Diffusion is movement of a substance owing to the random thermal motion (brownian movement) of its molecules or ions (Ǟ A1) in all directions throughout... hard time penetrating the membrane by means of “simple” diffusion The oil-and-water partition coefficient (k) is a measure of the lipid solubility of a substance (Ǟ C) Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license ̈ 1 Brownian particle movement (~T) 2 Passive transport PO2 O2 O2 3 PO2 profile O2 Gas O2 PO2 0 PO2 Slope=gradient... W Pfaller Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license 9 1 Fundamentals and Cell Physiology 10 ̈ primary mRNA strand by splicing (Ǟ C1b, D) and then degraded The introns, themselves, contain the information on the exact splicing site Splicing is ATP-dependent and requires the interaction of a number of proteins within a ribonucleoprotein... distributing Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license ̈ A Unicellular organism in the constant external environment of the primordial sea Substance absorption and excretion Signal reception Heat Ion exchange Genome Digestion Water O2 Exchange of gases Motility CO2 Plate 1.1 Excretion B Maintenance of a stable internal environment... a 11 Growth of peptide chain Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license 1 Fundamentals and Cell Physiology 12 ̈ plasmic reticulum (RER) These ribosomes synthesize export proteins as well as transmembrane proteins (Ǟ G) for the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, etc The start of protein synthesis... a common channel through which substances with molecular masses of up to around 1 kDa can pass Since this applies not only for ions such as Ca2+, but also for a number of organic substances such as ATP, these types of cells are Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved Usage subject to terms and conditions of license ̈ Nucleus 1 2 Cytosol Ca2+ Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) . Reading 391 Index 394 Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. II Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology. Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. VIII Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology