CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide phần 8 ppsx

624 Chapter 12  Working with Personal Computer Components Know how to remove, install, and configure CPUs. Know how to choose the right CPU for the motherboard you have. Know how to remove and install a CPU in a ZIF socket. Know how to remove, install, and configure memory. Know the difference between vari- ous memory form factors, especially SDRAM and DDR, so you know how to choose the cor- rect memory for your motherboard. Be aware of the fastening mechanisms that modern memory modules employ, how they affect module installation, and how to release them dur- ing module removal. Know how to remove, install, and configure adapter cards. Be aware that adapter cards must match available expansion slots. Know how to remove and install them and how to secure them into the computer chassis. Know how to remove, install, and configure storage devices. Know the difference between the data and power connectors used on storage devices. Be aware of the master/slave relationship used with ATA devices and know the strategy for setting them. Know what it means to partition and format a hard drive. Be aware of the physical differences in storage-device form factors. Know how to remove, install, and configure power supplies. Know the difference between the modern motherboard power headers, and be aware of when an adapter might be required. Know the two most common device connectors coming from the power supply. Be familiar with how to fasten power supplies to the chassis, as well as how to unfasten them. Know how to remove, install, and configure display devices. Know the display device choices on the market today. Know the general configuration aspects of each type of device. Know the specific adjustments most commonly available. Know how to remove, install, and configure input devices. Be aware of what constitutes an input device. Know how to connect an input device to a computer and how to disconnect one. Familiarize yourself with common mouse configuration. Know how to remove, install, and configure cooling systems. Know that cooling systems range from passive heat sinks to liquid cooling systems. Know the specifics on removing and installing the more common devices and the general concept of dealing with the more complex devices. Know the default IRQs for COM ports and common devices. Know the default IRQs for COM ports and common devices such as modems, sound cards, disk drives, and so on. Be familiar with Device Manager. Device Manager can display information about the com- puter’s memory, I/O ports, IRQs being used, and many other PC resources. Understand how manual resource assignments are set. Manual resource assignments for Plug and Play devices are set on the Resources tab of the device’s Properties dialog box. For a non-PnP device, resource assignments are controlled by jumpers on the device itself. Know the hardware tools mentioned. Be able to name the hardware tools and their purpose, as discussed in this section. Be aware of the need to keep systems well ventilated. Heat can be a negative force to almost any PC component, and ventilation can help ensure there is not excessive heat buildup. 4831x.book Page 624 Tuesday, September 12, 2006 11:59 AM Review Questions 625 Review Questions 1. Which statement is true regarding upgrading a computer system? A. When upgrading RAM, you must also upgrade the CPU. B. When upgrading RAM, you must perform a forklift upgrade on the entire system. C. When upgrading RAM, it is possible that you can upgrade RAM only. D. RAM is the only upgrade you can perform on modern computer systems. 2. Which two of the following are today’s best choices for video adapter technology? A. ISA B. PCI C. PCIe D. AGP 3. Which of the following is not a selection criterion for RAM? A. Physical size B. Solid state C. Speed D. Capacity 4. While installing a CPU, you apply gentle pressure to the surface of the CPU, but it will not seat. When you examine the pins of the CPU to see if they are straight, you find that a number of them are bent. Why are the bent pins not the original problem? A. The socket has a ZIF mechanism that must be released before inserting the CPU. B. The holes in the socket are large enough to accept pins bent up to 45 degrees from perpendicular. C. The bent metal protrusions around the edge of a chip are not pins. They are non-electronic tensioners to make sure the CPU maintains a tight connection. D. CPUs don’t have pins. What you thought were pins were metallic designs in the likeness of the manufacturer’s logo. 5. Which of the following statements regarding motherboard replacement is not true? A. As you remove any electronic components, including the motherboard and its adapters, you should place them in antistatic containers. B. Existing power supply connectors might not fit the new motherboard. C. Existing memory modules might not fit the new motherboard. D. When removing the motherboard, it is recommended that you not remove the expansion boards, so that you do not subject them to static. 4831x.book Page 625 Tuesday, September 12, 2006 11:59 AM 626 Chapter 12  Working with Personal Computer Components 6. Which statement concerning CPU and RAM configuration is most true? A. Modern motherboards have intelligent BIOS routines that automatically recognize and configure themselves for the CPU and RAM. B. The CPU and RAM modules have DIP switches on them that must be set the same as the DIP switch on the motherboard. C. The motherboard is preset from the factory to work with only one CPU and only one type of RAM module. D. You must use an external CPU/RAM programming station to pre-configure these compo- nents for your specific motherboard. 7. Which of the following statements is true, regarding working inside a computer system? A. You and the chassis should be grounded to the same ground, but power should not be supplied to the system. B. All internal components, except the power supply, are hot-swappable. Maintaining power to the system while working ensures interruption-free service for the customer. C. As long as the LEDs on the motherboard are lit, you are safe to work inside the chassis. D. Not since the original PC has the technician been able to work inside the computer system. 8. Which of the following is not a consideration when installing an internal storage device? A. You should match the form factor of the drive or adapt it to an available drive bay or slot. B. You should secure the drive with at least two screws on one side and preferably two on each side. C. Due to the high revolutions at which modern hard drives spin, you must secure external power source because the internal power supplies do not have the capacity. D. You need to be sure that the routing of the drive’s ribbon cable, if applicable, does not obstruct the engineered flow of air across internal components. 9. Which of the following statements regarding floppy-drive installation is true? A. Like a hard drive, the floppy drive requires no external access. B. Like DVD-ROM drives, floppy drives have a 5.25-inch form factor and must be installed in the larger drive bays. C. Because it is antiquated technology, floppy-disk drives can no longer be purchased new. D. Although some drives might not clearly key the receptacle for the Berg power connector, you must insert the connector correctly or the drive can be damaged. 10. After manually formatting a hard drive and installing the operating system, you find that the computer does not function in the manner expected. Which of the following is a possible cause? A. You performed a high-level format, but neglected to perform a low-level format first. B. The operating system was distributed on two discs, but you only installed one. C. During formatting, you did not make the partition bootable. D. The operating system was larger than your hard drive and did not install completely. 4831x.book Page 626 Tuesday, September 12, 2006 11:59 AM Review Questions 627 11. What is the term for an operating-system independent operation that ties a hard drive to its controller card? A. High-level formatting B. Low-level formatting C. Partitioning D. Scrubbing 12. Which of the following is not a consideration when upgrading power supplies? A. You might find that you do not have a matching motherboard connector on your new power supply. B. You might find that your case has a nonremovable power supply. C. You might find that your power rating is not adequate on the new power supply. D. You might find that you do not have enough of the appropriate connectors coming from the power supply for the devices you have installed. 13. Which of the following is not a Microsoft boot mode? A. Normal mode B. Complete mode C. Safe mode D. VGA mode 14. Which of the following is not a configuration option for computer video? A. Pincushion B. Contrast C. Trapezoid D. Rhombus 15. Which of the following is not an example of a standard input device connector? A. 1/8-inch jack B. Mini-DIN C. D-subminiature D. USB 16. When installing a CPU fan and heat sink, which of the following is not a consideration to keep in mind? A. If a tool is needed, use only the tool for which the clip to be attached was designed. B. Orient the fan and heat sink to be square with the CPU and to match up with the tabs that receive the clips. C. Match the direction that the fan blows, up or down, to the model of CPU based on heat production. D. Determine if you have the appropriate power connector for the fan and obtain an adapter, if necessary. 4831x.book Page 627 Tuesday, September 12, 2006 11:59 AM 628 Chapter 12  Working with Personal Computer Components 17. Which system resource allows an expansion card, for instance, to signal the CPU that it requires some of the CPU’s time? A. I/O memory B. DMA channels C. IRQ lines D. Memory addresses 18. Which of the following is considered a diagnostic utility in the Microsoft operating system? A. REGEDIT B. CACL C. CALC D. CHKDSK 19. Which one of the following statements is not accurate regarding preventive maintenance where heat is concerned? A. Make sure that outside air vents are not blocked or clogged. B. Use distilled water to rinse dust off of internal components regularly, but make sure to allow sufficient drying time or use a blow-dryer or compressed air for faster drying. C. Use a static-safe vacuum cleaner but do not touch the electronics to avoid dislodging minute items, such as jumpers and pluggable components. D. Regularly check the operating parameters of CPU and system fans. 20. What is the name of the utility that allows you to check hardware resources and alter them, if allowed? A. Device Manager B. Task Manager C. Program Manager D. Control Panel 4831x.book Page 628 Tuesday, September 12, 2006 11:59 AM Answers to Review Questions 629 Answers to Review Questions 1. C. Very often, computer systems prove to have an upgrade path for their RAM. Also, upgrading the RAM is the least expensive upgrade compared to the increase in performance that you can observe, up to a point. 2. C, D. ISA is an antiquated computer expansion bus. PCI is liable to be replaced by its high- performance cousin PCIe. AGP remains a popular video technology in today’s market. 3. B. All RAM is solid state. The other three options are selection criteria. 4. A. You should never apply insertion pressure to a CPU. With ZIF sockets, you release the lever on the side of the socket, and the CPU should drop right in, sometimes with delicate urging but never with what could be considered pressure. 5. D. Removing the expansion boards from their slots is recommended, if not required. Any static that you discharge into the motherboard can affect the adapters while they’re attached. The fact that a motherboard outside of the case is made more cumbersome with cards attached means that you are more likely to slip and discharge static with the mother- board in that state. 6. A. It’s true. Sometimes you have to pat yourself on the back for being able to install the CPU and RAM, because kudos for configuring the motherboard for these components would be a bit of a stretch. The BIOS does this for you today. There are no DIP switches on these components, and there is no such thing as a CPU/RAM programming station. Manufacturers must remain more flexible than to produce motherboards for only one set of CPU and RAM modules. 7. A. You must make sure, for electrostatic-discharge reasons, that you are at the same electrical potential as the chassis and other components. The best way to do this is by using an antistatic wrist strap and ensuring it is clipped to the chassis and that the chassis is connected to ground. Alternatively, both you and the chassis can be connected in parallel to the same source of ground. Very few components on standard computer systems are hot-swappable, which is normally limited to certain drives and USB/PC Card applications. Servers are somewhat more resilient, but still not all components are hot-swappable. Motherboard LEDs light up when power is supplied to the board. This is an indication that you should not perform work inside the chassis. How many people would be out of a job if they could not work inside a computer system today? 8. C. Today’s hard drives, regardless of their RPMs, have standard internal power connections. Each of the other options are valid concerns when installing an internal drive. 9. D. See the “Do You Smell Something” Real Word Scenario in this chapter. Inserting the Berg connector upside down will damage the drive the first time the motor is activated. Floppy drives require front access for floppy-disk insertion. Their form factor is only 3.5 inches, and you can still buy them new. 4831x.book Page 629 Tuesday, September 12, 2006 11:59 AM 630 Chapter 12  Working with Personal Computer Components 10. C. When manually performing a high-level format of a drive, you must make the partition bootable. Automatic operating-system installation takes care of this for you, making it easy to overlook. If a low-level format is required, you are not able to partition a drive and perform a high-level format without first performing the low-level format. You do not need to install each disc for your operating system separately. Operating systems prompt you for all required distribution media during installation and do not allow you to choose partial-media installa- tions. If you do not have enough room on your hard drive to install an operating system, the installation routine will not perform the installation. 11. B. The question describes low-level formatting, which is performed by the manufacturer for ATA (IDE) drives but must be performed by the installer for SCSI drives. Partitioning and high- level formatting are based on the operating system being used, and scrubbing is an informal term used to describe the behavior of certain integrity-checking utilities. 12. B. Personal computers do not have permanently installed power supplies. Like other electrical and electronic components, power supplies can and do fail on a regular basis. Permanently mounting a power supply to a chassis would be a disservice to the consumer. You need to con- sider the cumulative power needs of your installed components and you might have to obtain adapters and splitters if you do not have enough or you have the wrong types of connectors coming from the power supply. 13. B. There is no such thing as complete mode. Without any adjustment to the boot process, you boot into normal mode. Safe mode and VGA mode are used during troubleshooting various problems that prevent successful booting in normal mode, including graphics issues. 14. D. Although a geometric shape like the trapezoid, rhombus is not a video configuration setting. The other three options are. 15. A. 1/8-inch jacks, or minijacks, are used for multimedia input devices, not standard input devices. Standard input devices include human interface devices, such as keyboards and mice. The other three options have and can be used for such devices. 16. C. The fan always blows downward to push the collected heat out through the fins of the heat sink. The other options are valid points to consider. 17. C. Interrupt request (IRQ) lines perform as stated in the question. The other three resources have nothing to do with this action. 18. D. Of the options listed, only CHKDSK is considered to be a diagnostic utility. The others either do not exist or are nondiagnostic in nature. 19. B. Please don’t rinse your computer components. The other options are highly advisable to keep heat dissipation under control. 20. A. Only Device Manager allows you access to the resources being used by the various hardware components. Task Manager and Control Panel allow you to monitor and alter certain items, but not hardware resources the way Device Manager is designed to do. 4831x.book Page 630 Tuesday, September 12, 2006 11:59 AM Chapter 13 Working with Laptops and Portable Devices THE FOLLOWING COMPTIA A+ IT TECHNICIAN EXAM OBJECTIVES ARE COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER:  2.1 Identify fundamental principles of using laptops and portable devices  Identify appropriate applications for laptop-specific communication connections such as Bluetooth, infrared, cellular WAN and Ethernet  Identify appropriate laptop-specific power and electrical input devices and determine how amperage and voltage can affect performance  Identify the major components of the LCD including inverter, screen and video card  2.2 Install, configure, optimize and upgrade laptops and portable devices  Removal of laptop-specific hardware such as peripherals, hot-swappable and non-hot-swappable devices  Describe how video sharing affects memory upgrades  2.3 Use tools, diagnostic procedures and troubleshooting techniques for laptops and portable devices  Use procedures and techniques to diagnose power conditions, video, keyboard, pointer and wireless card issues for example:  Verify AC power (e.g. LEDs, swap AC adapter)  Verify DC power  Remove unneeded peripherals  Plug in external monitor  Toggle Fn keys  Check LCD cutoff switch 4831xc13.fm Page 631 Thursday, September 14, 2006 3:32 PM  Verify backlight functionality and pixilation  Stylus issues (e.g. digitizer problems)  Unique laptop keypad issues  Antenna wires THE FOLLOWING COMPTIA A+ DEPOT TECHNICIAN EXAM OBJECTIVES ARE COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER:  2.1 Identify the fundamental principles of using laptops and portable devices  Identify appropriate applications for laptop-specific communication connections, for example:  Bluetooth  Infrared devices  Cellular WAN  Ethernet  Identify appropriate laptop-specific power and electrical input devices, for example:  Output performance requirements for amperage and voltage  Identify the major components of the LCD (e.g. inverter, screen, video card)  2.2 Install, configure, optimize and upgrade laptops and portable devices  Demonstrate the safe removal of laptop-specific hardware including peripherals, hot-swappable and non hot-swappable devices  Identify the affect of video sharing on memory upgrades  2.3 Identify tools, diagnostic procedures and troubleshooting techniques for laptops and portable devices.  Use procedures and techniques to diagnose power conditions, video issues, keyboard and pointer issues and wireless card issues, for example:  Verify AC power (e.g. LED’s, swap AC adapter) 4831xc13.fm Page 632 Thursday, September 14, 2006 3:32 PM  Verify DC power  Remove unneeded peripherals  Plug in external monitor  Toggle Fn keys  Check LCD cutoff switch  Verify backlight functionality and pixilation  Stylus issues (e.g. digitizer problems)  Unique laptop keypad issues  Antenna wires 4831xc13.fm Page 633 Thursday, September 14, 2006 3:32 PM [...]... probation, was fined the equivalent of $87 2, and had his laptop confiscated Several cases like this are pending in U.S courts as well The most common standard for the last several years has been 80 2.11b, which provides wireless speeds up to 11Mbps Newer still is 80 2.11g, which is backward compatible with 80 2.11b and provides data transmission of up to 54Mbps Both 80 2.11b and 80 2.11g operate in the 2.4GHz band,... circuitry D A crack in the LCD display 10 Which of the following standards supports communications up to 54Mbps? A 80 2.11x B 80 2.11b C 80 2.11g D Bluetooth 11 A piconet is limited to how many devices? A Six B Seven C Eight D Unlimited 657 483 1xc13.fm Page 6 58 Thursday, September 14, 2006 3:32 PM 6 58 Chapter 13 Working with Laptops and Portable Devices 12 Which of the following communication technologies has... encoding schemes Another standard you will occasionally run into is 80 2.11a This standard operates at a different frequency (the 5GHz band), uses a different encoding scheme than 80 2.11b and 80 2.11g, and is not compatible with either of them Ethernet Devices Most laptops today come with an internal 80 2.11 adapter Often the laptop will claim to be 80 2.11b/g compatible, meaning it can handle either type of network... other GSM uses a variety of bands to transmit The most popular are 900MHz and 180 0MHz, but 400, 450, and 85 0MHz are also used Because of this, one phone cannot work at full capacity on all the GSM networks in the world GSM splits up its channels by time division, in a process called Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)  483 1xc13.fm Page 640 Thursday, September 14, 2006 3:32 PM 640 Chapter 13 Working... located Other types of hardware in some laptops require you to release a latch The following photo shows a modular front-load bay, and the right side has a CD-ROM in it  483 1xc13.fm Page 6 48 Thursday, September 14, 2006 3:32 PM 6 48 Chapter 13 Working with Laptops and Portable Devices EXERCISE 13.1 (continued) 4 Turn the computer over, and you can see the release latch Slide it to the side, and pull... press the function (Fn) key and another key (often F8) to direct the video output to an external monitor Check the LCD cutoff switch Remember the function+F8 idea? Try toggling it a few times, waiting a few seconds between each press of the toggle key to let the display power up Most laptops have three display states: LCD only, external only, and both  483 1xc13.fm Page 652 Thursday, September 14, 2006... requires line of sight, and generally speaking the two devices need to be pointed at each other to work If you point your remote away from the television, how well does it work? 483 1xc13.fm Page 6 38 Thursday, September 14, 2006 3:32 PM 6 38 Chapter 13 Working with Laptops and Portable Devices More information on the IrDA standard can be found at the organization’s website: http://www.irda.org Most laptops have... is the most common Bluetooth class, and it operates at 2.5 milliwatts (mW) of power For security, Bluetooth uses the Secure and Fast Encryption Routine (SAFER+) encryption routine, a 1 28- bit algorithm developed in 19 98 There have been questions surrounding how secure Bluetooth really is, and the best advice is to not leave powered-on devices unattended Bluetooth Devices As mentioned earlier, the first... questions Keep in mind that some BIOSs will only allow you set aside a certain amount of memory— say, 128MB—for video memory How does this affect your computer when you upgrade the memory? First, keep in mind that some of your memory will be taken by the video card, so you might want to upgrade to 483 1xc13.fm Page 649 Thursday, September 14, 2006 3:32 PM Removing Devices and Video Sharing 649 more than... of troubleshooting steps There’s not a single book in the world that can tell you how to troubleshoot every situation, but if you follow some principles and guidelines, you’ll get to the bottom of almost every problem After reviewing the general guidelines, we’ll move into diagnosing specific laptop problems Identifying Specific Safety Issues The safety of the technician and the computer must be considered . been 80 2.11b, which provides wireless speeds up to 11Mbps. Newer still is 80 2.11g, which is backward compatible with 80 2.11b and provides data transmission of up to 54Mbps. Both 80 2.11b and 80 2.11g. Manager is designed to do. 483 1x.book Page 630 Tuesday, September 12, 2006 11:59 AM Chapter 13 Working with Laptops and Portable Devices THE FOLLOWING COMPTIA A+ IT TECHNICIAN EXAM OBJECTIVES. you will occasionally run into is 80 2.11a. This standard operates at a different frequency (the 5GHz band), uses a different encoding scheme than 80 2.11b and 80 2.11g, and is not compatible with