[...]... interleaver size of 10 24 symbols on slow fading channels xvii 13 7 13 7 13 8 13 9 14 0 14 0 14 4 14 4 14 5 14 5 14 6 14 6 15 0 15 1 15 2 15 3 15 4 15 5 15 6 15 9 16 0 16 1 16 2 16 3 xviii 5 .13 5 .14 5 .15 5 .16 5 .17 5 .18 5 .19 5.20 5. 21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 List of Figures FER performance of QPSK ST turbo TC with variable memory order of component codes, four transmit and two receive antennas and the interleaver size of 13 0 symbols... to the solid line) and a variable SNR of 0, 5, 10 , 15 and 20 dB 2 6 6 17 17 18 19 20 21 21 22 24 24 25 xiv List of Figures 1. 15 1. 16 1. 17 1. 18 1. 19 1. 20 1. 21 1.22 1. 23 1. 24 1. 25 1. 26 1. 27 1. 28 1. 29 1. 30 1. 31 1.32 2 .1 2.2 Analytical capacity per antenna ccdf bound curves for a MIMO slow Rayleigh fading channel with a fixed SNR of 15 dB and a variable number of transmit/receive... R = 1/ 2, BPSK, a PIC-STD and PIC-DSC detection on a slow Rayleigh fading channel FER performance of HLSTC with nT = 4, nR = 2, R = 1/ 2, BPSK, the PIC-STD and the PIC-DSC detection on a slow Rayleigh fading channel xix 17 2 17 2 17 3 17 3 17 4 17 4 17 5 17 7 17 7 17 8 18 2 18 2 18 6 18 7 19 0 19 5 19 7 19 8 2 01 203 204 xx List of Figures 6 .10 6 .11 6 .12 6 .13 6 .14 6 .15 6 .16 6 .17 6 .18 6 .19 6.20... antenna on slow Rayleigh fading channels 205 205 206 206 207 209 210 211 212 212 213 215 215 216 217 217 225 230 2 31 2 31 232 236 List of Figures 7.7 7.8 7.9 7 .10 7 .11 7 .12 8 .1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8 .10 8 .11 8 .12 8 .13 8 .14 8 .15 8 .16 8 .17 8 .18 8 .19 8.20 8. 21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25 8.26 Performance comparison of the coherent and differential BPSK STBC with four... criterion with two, three and four transmit antennas on slow fading channels 11 8 12 0 12 1 12 3 12 9 12 9 13 0 13 0 13 1 13 2 13 2 13 3 13 3 13 4 13 4 13 5 13 6 13 6 List of Figures 4 .19 4.20 4. 21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 5 .1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5 .10 5 .11 5 .12 Performance comparison of the 8-state 8-PSK codes based on the trace criterion with two, three and four... Bit error rate performance for STBC of 1 bits/s/Hz on Rayleigh fading channels with one receive antenna xv 56 57 57 59 60 62 63 63 79 80 84 85 85 86 92 93 97 98 98 99 10 8 10 9 11 0 11 0 11 1 xvi List of Figures 3 .12 3 .13 3 .14 4 .1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4 .10 4 .11 4 .12 4 .13 4 .14 4 .15 4 .16 4 .17 4 .18 Symbol error rate performance for STBC of 1 bits/s/Hz on Rayleigh fading channels... telecommunication systems Viterbi algorithm vertical Bell Laboratories layered space-time vertical layered space-time vertical layered space-time code wideband code division multiple access wireless local area network zero forcing List of Figures 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 1. 5 1. 6 1. 7 1. 8 1. 9 1. 10 1. 11 1 .12 1. 13 1. 14 Block diagram of a MIMO system Block diagram of an equivalent MIMO channel if... antennas for fast fading channels 12 3 12 4 12 5 12 5 12 6 12 6 12 7 12 7 12 7 12 8 14 1 14 2 14 2 14 3 14 3 6 .1 6.2 Comparison of convolutional and LDPC code distances 213 Performance comparison of convolutional and the LDPC codes 214 7 .1 Transmitted symbols for a differential scheme 228 xxiv 8 .1 8.2 8.3 List of Tables Parameters for system environments ... interleaver size of 13 0 symbols on slow fading channels FER performance comparison of QPSK ST turbo TC with the 4-state component code from Table 4.5, with ideal and imperfect channel estimation in a system with two transmit and two receive antennas and the interleaver size of 13 0 symbols on slow fading channels 16 3 16 4 16 4 16 5 16 5 16 6 16 7 16 8 16 8 16 9 16 9 17 0 17 1 List of Figures 5.26... Rayleigh distribution The pdf of Rician distributions with various K 26 26 27 29 31 32 33 34 34 35 35 37 37 38 40 43 43 44 52 53 List of Figures 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2 .10 2 .11 2 .12 2 .13 2 .14 2 .15 2 .16 3 .1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3 .10 3 .11 Selection combining method Switched combining method Maximum ratio . EffectofAntennaCorrelationonPerformance 11 3 4 Space-Time Trellis Codes 11 7 4 .1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7 4.2 EncoderStructureforSTTC 11 7 4.2 .1 GeneratorDescription 11 8 4.2.2. . . 14 9 5 .1. 1 ConstructionofRecursiveSTTC 15 0 5.2 PerformanceofRecursiveSTTC 15 2 5.3 Space-Time Turbo Trellis Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3 5.4 DecodingAlgorithm 15 4 5.4 .1. antennas . . . . . . . 11 4 4 .1 EncoderforSTTC 11 8 4.2 STTCencoderfortwotransmitantennas 12 0 4.3 Trellis structure for a 4-state space-time coded QPSK with 2 antennas . . 12 1 4.4 The boundary for