HP-UX/Tru64 UNIX System Administration Interoperability phần 6 docx

Performance Monitoring Commands and Utilities Chapter 8 181 Commands and Utilities The HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX operating systems have commands and utilities for monitoring system performance. The collect utility (Tru64 UNIX) The Tru64 UNIX collect command is a system monitoring tool that records or displays specific operating system data over an extended period of time. Any set of the subsystems, such as file systems, message queue, tty, or header can be included in or excluded from data collection. You can display data at the terminal, or store it in either a compressed or encompassed data file. Data files can be read and manipulated from the command line, or through use of command scripts. See the collect(8) reference page for additional information. The dxsysinfo utility (System Information Utility) (Tru64 UNIX) This graphical user interface, which runs on Tru64 UNIX, provides general information about the operating system and version, the amount of RAM, and number of CPUs. You can use it to monitor CPU activity, in-use memory, available swap space, and file system usage. The following illustrates this utility. Performance Monitoring Commands and Utilities Chapter 8 182 GlancePlus/UX (HP-UX) GlancePlus/UX is a performance monitoring and diagnostic tool that lets you examine system activities, identify and resolve performance bottlenecks, and tune your system for more efficient operation. GlancePlus/UX is an optional product from HP that runs on HP-UX as well as some other UNIX variants. GlancePlus/UX provides useful performance data in real time in your choice of character or graphic mode. From the Global Screen, you can access various other screens which display data in histogram, percentage, and list form; many of these lists can be filtered. These other screens include the following. • Process List Screen • CPU Report Screen • Memory Report Screen • Disk Report Screen. A detailed description of GlancePlus/UX is available in the HP-UX 11i System Administration Handbook and Toolkit by Marty Poniatowski. The iostat command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) The iostat command supplies statistics on how much I/O the system is performing; a system may be performing poorly because it is I/O bound. The HP-UX operating system and the Tru64 UNIX operating system both offer the iostat command, but they each have a different output. Furthermore, there is an option offered only by HP-UX. HP-UX -t reports terminal statistics as well as disk statistics. The Tru64 UNIX implementation allows you to specify a drive parameter to force iostat to display specific drives. The default output of the commands differs greatly. Here is the output from the iostat command run on an HP-UX system. HP-UX # iostat device bps sps msps c1t15d0 0 0.0 1.0 Here is the output from the iostat command run on a Tru64 UNIX system. Tru64UNIX # iostat tty floppy0 dsk0 cpu tin tout bps tps bps tps us ni sy id 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 3 97 Also, note that the Tru64 UNIX implementation only reports on the first two disk drives by default. See the appropriate iostat reference page for more information. The ipcs command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) This utility, which is implemented on both operating systems, displays certain information about active interprocess communication facilities. There is only one difference between the two implementations in terms of options. HP-UX -C corefile allows you to specify a file, which is a core file or a directory created by savecrash or savecore, instead of /dev/kmem. The default output of the command as implemented in HP-UX corresponds to the command with the -a option under Tru64 UNIX. Performance Monitoring Commands and Utilities Chapter 8 183 The output of this command also differs depending on the implementation, as illustrated here. HP-UX # ipcs IPC status from /dev/kmem as of Wed Mar 12 15:32:45 2003 T ID KEY MODE OWNER GROUP Message Queues: q 0 0x3c1c0555 -Rrw w w- root root q 1 0x3e1c0555 rw-r r root root Shared Memory: m 0 0x411c05cc rw-rw-rw- root root m 1 0x4e0c0002 rw-rw-rw- root root m 2 0x41206998 rw-rw-rw- root root m 3 0x301c3e81 rw-rw-rw- root root Semaphores: s 0 0x411c05cc ra-ra-ra- root root s 1 0x4e0c0002 ra-ra-ra- root root s 2 0x41206998 ra-ra-ra- root root Tru64 UNIX # ipcs -a Message Queues: T ID KEY MODE OWNER GROUP CREATOR CGROUP CBYTES QNUM QBYTES LSPID LRPID STIME RTIME CTIME q 0 0x418d02eb rw root system root system 0 0 16384 3 136928 16:34:51 16:34:51 2:35:31 Shared Memory: T ID KEY MODE OWNER GROUP CREATOR CGROUP NATTCH SEGSZ CPID LPID ATIME DTIME CTIME m 0 0x618d0821 rw root daemon root daemon 0 57776 136480 197673 15:11:47 15:11:47 14:01:18 Semaphores: T ID KEY MODE OWNER GROUP CREATOR CGROUP NSEMS OTIME CTIME s 0 0x696e6974 ra-r r root system root system 8 2:35:32 2:35:32 s 1 0x418d02eb ra root system root system 1 2:35:31 2:35:31 s 2 0x618d0821 ra root daemon root daemon 1 15:11:47 14:01:18 The lpana command (HP-UX) This HP-UX utility prints LP spooler performance information, which you can use to optimize the configuration of the entire printer spooler system. The netstat command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) Both the HP-UX operating system and the Tru64 UNIX operating system implement the netstat command to displays network statistics. There are differences in the options for each version: HP-UX -g shows multicast information for network interfaces. -v shows additional routing information. Tru64 UNIX -A displays either the address of any protocol control blocks associated with sockets or the addresses of routing table entries with bitmasks. -b displays the contents of Mobile IPv6 binding cache. Performance Monitoring Commands and Utilities Chapter 8 184 -d displays the number of dropped packets. -g displays statistics since the system was last booted. -H displays the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table. -I interface -s displays the DNA Data Link Layer counters (64-bit values) for the specified network interface and the adapter’s status and characteristics. -I interface -c displays the current access filter for the specified network interface. -m displays information about memory allocated to the data structures associated with network operations. -o displays the DNA Data Link Layer counters (old 32-bit values) for the specified network interface and the adapter’s status and characteristics. -R displays the host’s routing tables on each Resource Affinity Domain (RAD), if the system is NUMA-capable. -t displays timer information. -u displays information about domain sockets (UNIX domain). -v displays more verbose output. -x displays the status of the IPsec Security Associations (SAs). -X displays the status of the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Protocol SAs. -z displays the current network interface statistics or protocol statistics, then sets them to zero. OpenView (HP-UX) Hewlett-Packard’s OpenView offers a complete portfolio of service-driven management solutions including performance measurement tools. OpenView is an optional product which runs on the HP-UX operating system. The HP OpenView Performance Agent for UNIX, previously the HP OpenView MeasureWare Agent for UNIX, captures performance, resource, and transaction data from HP 9000 series servers. Using minimal system resources, the software continuously collects, logs, summarizes, and time stamps resource and performance measurement data from applications, databases, networks and operating systems. HP PerfView is an analysis tool that lets you examine data from the HP OpenView Performance Agent for UNIX. The psrinfo and pinfo commands (Tru64 UNIX) These Tru64 UNIX commands display information about processors including the current state of the processor, how long it has been on line, its processor speed in MHz, and whether or not it has an internal floating point processor. Performance Monitoring Commands and Utilities Chapter 8 185 SAM (HP-UX) The HP-UX System Administration Manager provides a facility for monitoring the performance of various aspects of the operating system. SAM initiates commands to accomplish these tasks; the following provides a correspondence of these facilities to the commands used. The System Properties facilities displays system data. Disk and Terminal Activity iostat -t Inter-Process Communication Facility Status ipcs Process with Highest CPU Usage top System Activity sar Virtual Memory Activity vmstat Performance Monitoring Commands and Utilities Chapter 8 186 The sar command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) The System Activity Reporter is a standard utility on HP-UX and is available on earlier versions of Tru64 UNIX with the SVE extension to the operating system. There are two sar commands: the system activity reporter (sar) and the system activity report package (sa1, sa2, sadc). The system activity reporter and the system activity report package have the same differences; they are as follows. HP-UX -A is equivalent to a slightly different set of options. -M reports the per-processor data on a multiprocessor system (similar to the -P option below). -w reports system swapping and switching activity (similar to the -p and -g options below). Tru64 UNIX -A is equivalent to a slightly different set of options. -g and -p report paging activities (similar to the -w option above). -k reports kernel memory allocation activities. -r reports unused memory pages and disk blocks. -P processorid reports the activity for a specified processor (similar to the -M option above). See the appropriate reference page for more information on the sar command. The showmount command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) The showmount command displays the names of all hosts that have NFS file systems mounted. This command is common to both operating systems however there are additional options under Tru64 UNIX. Tru64 UNIX -t nnn specifies a time-out value in seconds; the default is 25 seconds. -T specifies an infinite time-out. The sys_check utility (Tru64 UNIX) This Tru64 UNIX utility is a system census and configuration verification tool that is also used to aid in diagnosing system errors and problems. You can use sys_check to create an HTML report of your system's (hardware and software) configuration and to perform an analysis of the operating system parameters and attributes such as those that tune the performance of the system. A report generated by sys_check provides warnings if it detects problems with any current settings. Note that while sys_check can generate hundreds of useful warnings, it is not a complete and definitive check of the health of your Tru64 UNIX system. See the sys_check (8) reference page for additional information. Performance Monitoring Commands and Utilities Chapter 8 187 SysMan Menu (Tru64 UNIX) The SysMan Menu on Tru64 UNIX provides a means for monitoring various aspects of the operating system. These menu items trigger commands to perform monitoring functions as follows. SysMan Station (Tru64 UNIX) The SysMan Station, which is proprietary to the Tru64 UNIX operating system, lets you monitor a system or cluster and administer system resources. You can see how long the system has been running continuously, use the icons in the View windows to check the status of an object, and use the SysMan Station icon in the CDE front panel to monitor the status of the system as a whole. You also can launch the SysMan Menu to administer the system or invoke applications directly from the SysMan Station. On launching the SysMan Station, the Status Monitor window is displayed giving the administrator the current status of the File systems, Network, Storage, and System attention groups by default. An example is shown here. The default attention groups that you can monitor are: File Systems Any AdvFS or UFS file systems. Network The network and devices, such as tu0, which are connected to the local host. Storage Storage devices connected to buses and device interfaces. - Hardware View central processor unit (CPU) information psrinfo -v - Monitoring and Tuning View virtual memory (VM) statistics vmstat 1 10 View Input/Output (I/O) statistics iostat 1 10 View Uptime statistics uptime - Support and Services Create escalation report sys_check Create configuration report sys_check Performance Monitoring Commands and Utilities Chapter 8 188 System The events associated with the system components. In addition, the Views option menu allows you to display the hierarchical structure of the group in the Views Pane. These groups are: AdvFS File systems Displays a view of all AdvFS domains. Hardware Displays a view of all devices, from the CPU to individual disks. Mounted File systems Displays a view of the file systems that are currently mounted. Physical File systems Displays a view of all UFS and AdvFS file systems available. The time and timex commands (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) The time command gives a quick indication of system performance by timing a given command and displaying the real, system, and user time required for the command to stderr. The HP-UX operating system and the Tru64 UNIX operating system both implement this command; the options and the output are identical in both implementations. The HP-UX operating system also offers the timex command, which enables you to display total system activity or process accounting data with respect to the command being timed. See the timex(1) reference page for more information. The top command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) The top command displays the current top processes on the system, periodically updating the information. Raw CPU percentage data is used to rank the processes. When you issue this command on an HP-UX operating system, you can specify the delay between screen updates, a specific count of displays, your choice of user names or user identifiers, and a specific number of processes to be displayed. The top command is not part of the base Tru64 UNIX operating system, but it is distributed as freeware on the Associated Products CD (APCD). The uptime and w commands (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) Both the HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX operating systems implement the UNIX uptime and w commands, which displays the current time and the amount of time since the system was booted, and the number of users logged in. There are differences in the implementations of these commands, however. HP-UX -h suppresses the heading. -l uses the long output format. -s uses the short form of output for displaying terminal information. -u prints only the first line, which describes the overall state of the system; this is the default. -w prints a summary of the current activity on the system for each user. Tru64 UNIX uptime -m displays the Mach factor instead of the load average, which is the default. w -f suppresses the from field. w -h suppresses the system summary and the heading line. w -l prints the information in the long output format. w -m displays the Mach factor instead of the load average, which is the default. w -s prints the information in short format. Performance Monitoring Commands and Utilities Chapter 8 189 w -u prints the system summary only, which is equivalent to the uptime command without any options. The output of the uptime command differs only slightly between both operating systems. Under HP-UX, the format of the time is given in AM or PM, where Tru64 UNIX displays the time in 24-hour format. HP-UX # uptime 3:16pm up 66 days, 20:33, 3 users, load average: 5.71, 5.31, 5.26 Tru64 UNIX # uptime 15:15 up 183 days, 13:38, 2 users, load average: 0.22, 0.22, 0.25 The vmstat command (HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX) Although both HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX offer this virtual memory statistics command, the implementation of the command options differs greatly; only the -f option, which reports the number of forks, is identical. Here are the options for each: HP-UX -d reports the disk transfer information, in the form of transfers per second, as a separate section. -n provides an output format, which separates the default output into distinct virtual memory information and CPU data sections; these are more easily read on an 80-column display device. -S reports the number of processes swapped in and out (si and so) instead of page reclaims and address translation faults (re and at). -s prints the total number of several kinds of paging-related events from the kernel sum structure that have occurred since boot-up or since vmstat was last executed with the -z option. -z clears all accumulators in the kernel sum structure. Tru64 UNIX -D displays debugging information. -i displays virtual memory statistics (pagesize, procs, memory, pages, intr, cpu). -M displays information about memory usage by buckets. -p displays statistics for the vm and ubc subsystems for Resource Affinity Domains (RADs). -P displays accumulated statistics about physical memory use. -r rad_id displays virtual memory statistics for the specified RAD only. -R displays information for all RADs. -s displays accumulated statistics along with the page size. -w appends iowait information to the default output. The output of this command varies between the operating systems. Here is the default output from this command run on an HP-UX system. Performance Monitoring Commands and Utilities Chapter 8 190 HP-UX # vmstat procs memory page faults cpu r b w avm free re at pi po fr de sr in sy cs us sy id 1 0 0 9838 11494 7 14 1 0 0 0 0 96 168602 26 29 15 56 Here is the default output of the command run on a Tru64 UNIX system. Tru64UNIX # vmstat Virtual Memory Statistics: (pagesize = 8192) procs memory pages intr cpu r w u act free wire fault cow zero react pin pout in sy cs us sy id 3 118 41 14K 9713 6051 182M 20M 75M 223K 30M 9406 20 49 410 0 3 97 [...]... operating systems, but Tru64 UNIX supports many of the same System V style printer commands as HP-UX Chapter 9 191 Print System Commands and Utilities Commands and Utilities The administrator of an HP-UX operating system has the option of using SAM (the preferred method) or individual commands to set up and maintain the print system on his or her computer The administrator of a Tru64 UNIX operating system. .. See the Tru64 UNIX System Administration manual for information on printer configuration 198 Chapter 9 Print System Adding a Printer Adding a Printer You can add a a local printer, a remote printer, or a networked printer to an HP-UX system or to a Tru64 UNIX system Adding a Local Printer This section describes how to install a local printer (that is, a directly-connected printer) to an HP-UX system and... Printer/Plotter 204 Chapter 9 Print System Adding a Printer The Add Remote Printer/Plotter dialog box opens 8 Enter the name you want to call this printer 9 Enter the name of the system to which the printer is attached 10 Enter the name of the printer as it is known to the remote system 11 Designate with a check in the check box if the remote system is a BSD system, for example, a Tru64 UNIX system 12 Enter the Remote... Tru64 UNIX System Administration manual 212 Chapter 9 Print System Controlling Printer Operations Controlling Printer Operations If you have superuser capabilities, you can control the flow of print requests to the queues of named printers or printer classes You can issue commands for each printer or multiple printers Controlling the Flow of Print Requests Both the HP-UX operating system and the Tru64... option-arguments are optional and cannot be presented as separate arguments The printconfig utility (Tru64 UNIX) The Tru64 UNIX printconfig utility is used for adding, modifying, and deleting printer entries in the /etc/printcap file Its main window is shown in Figure 9-1 on page 194 Figure 9-1 Tru64 UNIX printconfig Main Window The reject command (HP-UX) This command permits the lp command to reject... host system 2 Collect the following information: • What is the name the printer will use? Printer names can be up to fourteen alphanumeric characters in length; the alphabetic characters may be in either upper or lower case and the underscore (_) is also allowed • What is the name of the remote system for this printer? • Is the remote system a Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) UNIX system? BSD systems... option 4 Restart the printer spooler: # lpsched Tru64 UNIX The Tru64 UNIX operating system does not allow assignment of priorities to printers Print jobs are handled on a first-come, first served basis, but the lpc command with the topq argument may be used to place the print jobs for a given user at the top of the print queue Chapter 9 215 Print System Enabling and Disabling a Printer Enabling and... “cancel” model on the remote system? • (Optional) What is the “status” model on the remote system? • Will you allow anyone to cancel print requests? • Will this printer be the system s default printer? 3 Invoke SAM on the local system 4 Double-click the Printers and Plotters icon The Printers and Plotters window opens 5 Double-click the LP Spooler icon The LP Spooler window opens 6 Double-click the Printers... selecting the Modify button The lprsetup Utility (Tru64 UNIX) The following example shows how to use the lprsetup command to set up a printer on the local system Some tables are truncated to shorten the example 1 Log in as root or use the su command to switch to super user 2 Gather the following information: • 202 What is the printer name? Chapter 9 Print System Adding a Printer • What is the printer alias?... appear as remote hosts with an attached printer If you are setting up a remote printer from a remote system, list the local system (the client) in the hosts.lpd file or hosts.equiv file of the remote system (the host) HP-UX To configure a remote printer into your printer spooler, you must be able to access the system with the printer via a LAN The process of adding a remote printer is similar to that of . sy cs us sy id 1 0 0 9838 11494 7 14 1 0 0 0 0 96 168 602 26 29 15 56 Here is the default output of the command run on a Tru64 UNIX system. Tru6 4UNIX # vmstat Virtual Memory Statistics: (pagesize. Utilities The HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX operating systems have commands and utilities for monitoring system performance. The collect utility (Tru64 UNIX) The Tru64 UNIX collect command is a system monitoring. under Tru64 UNIX. Tru64 UNIX -t nnn specifies a time-out value in seconds; the default is 25 seconds. -T specifies an infinite time-out. The sys_check utility (Tru64 UNIX) This Tru64 UNIX utility