Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris 10 Student Guide phần 1 pps

Sun Microsystems, Inc. UBRM05-104 500 Eldorado Blvd. Broomfield, CO 80021 U.S.A. Revision A.1 StudentGuide Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System SA-200-S10 March 19, 2005 6:20 pm Please Recycle Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, California 95054, U.S.A. All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers. 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LA DOCUMENTATION EST FOURNIE “EN L’ETAT” ET TOUTES AUTRES CONDITIONS, DECLARATIONS ET GARANTIES EXPRESSES OU TACITES SONT FORMELLEMENT EXCLUES, DANS LA MESURE AUTORISEE PAR LA LOI APPLICABLE, Y COMPRIS NOTAMMENT TOUTE GARANTIE IMPLICITE RELATIVE A LA QUALITE MARCHANDE, A L’APTITUDE A UNE UTILISATION PARTICULIERE OU A L’ABSENCE DE CONTREFAÇON. CE MANUEL DE RÉFÉRENCE DOIT ÊTRE UTILISÉ DANS LE CADRE D’UN COURS DE FORMATION DIRIGÉ PAR UN INSTRUCTEUR (ILT). IL NE S’AGIT PAS D’UN OUTIL DE FORMATION INDÉPENDANT. NOUS VOUS DÉCONSEILLONS DE L’UTILISER DANS LE CADRE D’UNE AUTO-FORMATION. v Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Sun Services, Revision A.1 Table of Contents About This Course Preface-xix Course Goals Preface-xix Course Map Preface-xx Topics Not Covered Preface-xxi How Prepared Are You? Preface-xxii Introductions Preface-xxiii How to Use Course Materials Preface-xxiv Conventions Preface-xxv Icons Preface-xxv Typographical Conventions Preface-xxvi Notes to the Instructor Preface-xxvii Installing the Solaris™ 10 Operating System 1-1 Objectives 1-1 Identifying the Fundamentals of the CD-ROM Installation 1-2 Solaris 10 OS Installation and Upgrade Options 1-2 Solaris Installation Command Line Interpreter (CLI) 1-2 Custom JumpStart™ Installation 1-3 Solaris Flash Archive Installation 1-3 Solaris WAN Boot 1-4 Standard Upgrade to the Solaris OS 1-4 Solaris Live Upgrade Software 1-5 Hardware Requirements for Installation of the Solaris 10 OS 1-5 Software Components of the Solaris OS 1-6 Solaris OS Software Groups 1-7 Installing the Solaris 10 OS From a CD-ROM or DVD 1-11 Pre-Installation Information 1-11 Demonstration: Performing an Interactive Installation 1-13 Introducing the Solaris™ 10 OS Directory Hierarchy 2-1 Objectives 2-1 Introducing / (root) Subdirectories 2-2 Introducing Important System Directories 2-3 Introducing Important In-Memory System Directories 2-4 vi Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Revision A.1 Introducing File Components 2-9 File Names 2-9 Inodes 2-9 Data Blocks 2-10 Identifying File Types 2-11 Regular Files 2-12 Directories 2-13 Symbolic Links 2-14 Device Files 2-16 Using Hard Links 2-20 Introducing Hard Links 2-20 Creating New Hard Links 2-21 Removing Hard Links 2-22 Performing the Exercises 2-23 Exercise: Identifying File Types (Level 1) 2-24 Preparation 2-24 Tasks 2-24 Exercise: Identifying File Types (Level 2) 2-26 Preparation 2-26 Task Summary 2-26 Tasks 2-28 Exercise: Identifying File Types (Level 3) 2-29 Preparation 2-29 Task Summary 2-29 Tasks and Solutions 2-31 Exercise Summary 2-34 Managing Local Disk Devices 3-1 Objectives 3-1 Introducing the Basic Architecture of a Disk 3-2 Physical Disk Structure 3-2 Data Organization on Disk Platters 3-3 Disk Slices 3-4 Introducing Solaris OS Device Naming Conventions 3-10 Logical Device Names 3-10 Physical Device Names 3-11 Instance Names 3-12 Listing a System’s Devices 3-13 The /etc/path_to_inst File 3-13 The prtconf Command 3-15 The format Command 3-16 Reconfiguring Devices 3-17 Performing a Reconfiguration Boot 3-17 Using the devfsadm Command 3-18 Performing the Exercises 3-20 vii Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Revision A.1 Exercise: Configuring and Naming Devices (Level 1) 3-21 Preparation 3-21 Tasks 3-22 Exercise: Configuring and Naming Devices (Level 2) 3-23 Preparation 3-23 Task Summary 3-24 Tasks 3-24 Exercise: Configuring and Naming Devices (Level 3) 3-26 Preparation 3-26 Task Summary 3-27 Tasks and Solutions 3-27 Exercise Summary 3-30 Partitioning the Hard Disk 3-31 Introducing the Fundamentals of Disk Partitioning 3-31 Recognizing Disk Space and Undesirable Conditions 3-32 Recognizing Wasted Disk Space 3-33 Recognizing Overlapping Disk Slices 3-34 Introducing Disk Partition Tables 3-35 Using the format Command 3-36 Partitioning a Disk 3-38 Managing Disk Labels 3-45 Viewing the Disk VTOC 3-45 Relabeling a Disk 3-47 Performing the Exercises 3-48 Exercise: Working With Disks and Partitions (Level 1) 3-49 Preparation 3-49 Tasks 3-49 Exercise: Working With Disks and Partitions (Level 2) 3-51 Preparation 3-51 Task Summary 3-51 Tasks 3-52 Exercise: Working With Disks and Partitions (Level 3) 3-56 Preparation 3-56 Task Summary 3-56 Tasks 3-57 Introducing the Solaris™ Management Console 3-64 Starting the Solaris Management Console 3-64 Using the Solaris Management Console Tools 3-65 Restarting the Solaris Management Console 3-66 Identifying the Functional Areas of the Solaris Management Console 3-67 Partitioning a Disk by Using the Solaris Management Console Disks Manager Tool 3-71 Partitioning the Disk Using the Disks Tool 3-71 Performing the Exercises 3-80 viii Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Revision A.1 Exercise: Working With the Solaris Management Console (Level 1) 3-81 Preparation 3-81 Tasks 3-81 Exercise: Working With the Solaris Management Console (Level 2) 3-82 Preparation 3-82 Task Summary 3-82 Tasks 3-83 Exercise Summary 3-84 Managing Solaris OS File Systems 4-1 Objectives 4-1 Introducing Solaris OS File Systems 4-2 Disk-based File Systems 4-2 Distributed File Systems 4-2 Pseudo File Systems 4-3 Creating a New ufs File System 4-4 Viewing the Solaris OS ufs File System 4-4 Using the newfs Command 4-14 Checking the File System by Using the fsck Command 4-17 Data Inconsistencies Checked by the fsck Command 4-17 Superblock Consistency 4-17 Cylinder Group Block Consistency 4-17 Inode Consistency 4-18 Data Block Consistency 4-18 The lost+found Directory 4-18 Noninteractive Mode 4-18 Interactive Mode 4-19 Resolving File System Inconsistencies 4-20 Reconnecting an Allocated Unreferenced File 4-20 Adjusting a Link Counter 4-21 Salvaging the Free List 4-21 Using Backup Superblocks 4-22 Monitoring File System Use 4-25 Using the df Command 4-25 Using the du Command 4-28 Using the quot Command 4-30 Using the Solaris Management Console Usage Tool 4-31 Performing the Exercises 4-33 Exercise: Creating and Maintaining ufs File Systems (Level 1)4-34 Preparation 4-34 Tasks 4-35 Exercise: Creating and Maintaining ufs File Systems (Level 2)4-36 Preparation 4-36 Task Summary 4-37 Tasks 4-38 ix Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Revision A.1 Exercise: Creating and Maintaining ufs File Systems (Level 3)4-40 Preparation 4-40 Task Summary 4-41 Tasks and Solutions 4-42 Exercise Summary 4-47 Performing Mounts and Unmounts 5-1 Objectives 5-1 Working With Mounting Basics 5-2 Determining Which File Systems Are Currently Mounted 5-4 Mounting a File System Automatically 5-4 Introducing the Virtual File System Table: /etc/vfstab 5-5 Introducing the /etc/mnttab File 5-8 Performing Mounts 5-11 Mounting a Local File System Manually 5-11 Using the mount Command Options 5-12 Mounting All File Systems Manually 5-14 Mounting a New File System 5-15 Mounting Different Types of File Systems 5-16 Performing Unmounts 5-18 Unmounting a File System 5-18 Unmounting All File Systems 5-19 Unmounting a Busy File System 5-19 Repairing Important Files if Boot Fails 5-21 Accessing Mounted Diskettes, CD-ROMs or DVDs 5-23 Using Volume Management (vold) 5-24 Restricting Access to Mounted Diskettes, CD-ROMs, or DVDs5-26 Stopping Volume Management (vold) 5-26 Troubleshooting Volume Management (vold) Problems . 5-26 Accessing a Diskette, CD-ROM, or DVD Without Volume Management (vold) 5-27 Using the mount Command 5-27 Performing the Exercises 5-28 Exercise: Mounting File Systems (Level 1) 5-29 Preparation 5-29 Tasks 5-29 Exercise: Mounting File Systems (Level 2) 5-31 Preparation 5-31 Task Summary 5-31 Tasks 5-32 Exercise: Mounting File Systems (Level 3) 5-34 Preparation 5-34 Task Summary 5-34 Tasks and Solutions 5-35 Exercise Summary 5-38 x Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris™ 10 Operating System Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun Services, Revision A.1 Performing Solaris 10 OS Package Administration 6-1 Objectives 6-1 Introducing the Fundamentals of Package Administration 6-2 Software Packages 6-2 The /var/sadm/install/contents File 6-2 Package Formats 6-4 Administering Packages From the Command Line 6-6 Translating Package Formats 6-6 Displaying Information About Installed Software Packages 6-7 Adding a Software Package 6-9 Checking a Package Installation 6-12 Removing a Software Package 6-14 Adding Packages by Using a Spool Directory 6-15 Streaming One or More Packages 6-17 Reviewing Package Administration 6-18 Performing the Exercises 6-19 Exercise: Manipulating Software Packages (Level 1) 6-20 Preparation 6-20 Tasks 6-20 Exercise: Manipulating Software Packages (Level 2) 6-21 Preparation 6-21 Task Summary 6-21 Tasks 6-22 Exercise: Manipulating Software Packages (Level 3) 6-24 Preparation 6-24 Task Summary 6-24 Tasks and Solutions 6-25 Exercise Summary 6-29 Managing Software Patches on the Solaris 10 OS 7-1 Objectives 7-1 Preparing for Patch Administration 7-2 Introducing Solaris OS Patches 7-2 Checking Patch Levels 7-4 Obtaining Patches 7-5 Preparing Patches for Installation 7-6 Installing and Removing Patches 7-9 Installing a Patch 7-9 Removing a Patch 7-10 Installing Patch Clusters 7-11 The smpatch Utility 7-14 Performing the Exercises 7-15 Exercise: Maintaining Patches (Level 1) 7-16 Preparation 7-16 Tasks 7-16 [...]... on a System 11 -8 Introducing the su Command 11 -8 Switching to Another Regular User 11 -10 Becoming the root User 11 -11 Monitoring su Attempts 11 -12 Controlling System Access 11 -14 The /etc/default/login File 11 -14 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Access 11 -16 The /etc/hosts.equiv and $HOME/.rhosts Files 11 -17 The /etc/hosts.equiv File Rules 11 -19 The. .. Unmounted File System 14 -10 The ufsdump Command 14 -10 Options for the ufsdump Command 14 -11 Tape Back Ups 14 -12 Remote Backups to a Tape 14 -13 Performing the Exercises 14 -14 Exercise: Backing Up a File System (Level 1) 14 -15 Preparation 14 -15 Tasks 14 -15 Exercise: Backing Up a File System (Level 2) 14 -17 Preparation 14 -17 Task... 10 - 71 Tasks and Solutions 10 - 72 Exercise Summary 10 - 76 Performing System Security 11 -1 Objectives 11 -1 Monitoring System Access 11 -2 Displaying Users on the Local System 11 -2 Displaying Users on Remote Systems 11 -3 Displaying User Information 11 -4 Displaying a Record of Login Activity 11 -5 Recording Failed Login Attempts 11 -6 Switching... 11 -20 Performing the Exercises 11 - 21 Exercise: User Access (Level 1) 11 -22 Preparation 11 -22 Tasks 11 -23 Exercise: User Access (Level 2) 11 -24 Preparation 11 -24 Task Summary 11 -25 Tasks 11 -25 Exercise: User Access (Level 3) 11 -28 Preparation 11 -28 Task Summary 11 -29 Tasks and Solutions 11 -30... 10 - 26 Using the Solaris Management Console Users Tool 10 - 27 Troubleshooting Login Issues 10 - 36 Performing the Exercises 10 - 40 Exercise: Adding User Accounts and Group Entries (Level 1 )10 - 41 Preparation 10 - 41 Tasks 10 - 43 Exercise: Adding User Accounts and Group Entries (Level 2 )10 - 45 Preparation 10 - 45 Task Summary 10 - 45 Tasks 10 - 46... 16 -10 Performing the Exercises 16 -11 Exercise: Working With UFS Snapshots (Level 1) 16 -12 Tasks 16 -12 Exercise: Working With UFS Snapshots (Level 2) 16 -13 Task Summary 16 -13 Tasks 16 -13 Exercise: Working With UFS Snapshots (Level 3) 16 -15 Task Summary 16 -15 Tasks and Solutions 16 -15 Exercise Summary 16 -17 xviii Intermediate System. .. the Solaris 10 Operating System q JumpStart™ procedure– Covered in SA-202: Advanced System Administration for the Solaris 10 Operating System q Network File System (NFS) environment configuration – Covered in SA-202: Advanced System Administration for the Solaris 10 Operating System q All the new features in Solaris 10 – Covered in SA-225-S10: Solaris 10 for Experienced System Administrators q Naming... 11 -45 Tasks 11 -45 xiv Intermediate System Administration for the Solaris 10 Operating System Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc All Rights Reserved Sun Services, Revision A .1 Exercise: Restricting Access to Data on Systems (Level 2) 11 -47 Preparation 11 -47 Task Summary 11 -47 Tasks 11 -48 Exercise: Restricting Access to Data on Systems (Level 3) 11 - 51 Preparation... Group Entries (Level 3 )10 - 51 Preparation 10 - 51 Task Summary 10 - 51 Tasks and Solutions 10 - 52 Exercise Summary 10 - 58 Managing Initialization Files 10 - 59 Introducing System- Wide Initialization Files 10 - 59 Introducing User Initialization Files 10 - 60 Customizing the User’s Work Environment 10 - 61 Performing the Exercises 10 - 64 Exercise: Modifying... Introducing User Administration 10 - 2 Main Components of a User Account 10 - 2 System Files That Store User Account Information 10 - 3 Managing User Accounts 10 - 14 Introducing Command-Line Tools 10 - 14 Creating a User Account 10 - 15 Modifying a User Account 10 - 20 Deleting a User Account 10 - 22 Creating a Group Entry 10 - 23 Modifying a Group Entry 10 - 24 Deleting . Attempts 11 -6 Switching Users on a System 11 -8 Introducing the su Command 11 -8 Switching to Another Regular User 11 -10 Becoming the root User 11 -11 Monitoring su Attempts 11 -12 Controlling System. Rules 11 -20 Performing the Exercises 11 - 21 Exercise: User Access (Level 1) 11 -22 Preparation 11 -22 Tasks 11 -23 Exercise: User Access (Level 2) 11 -24 Preparation 11 -24 Task Summary 11 -25 Tasks 11 -25 Exercise:. (Level 2) 11 -47 Preparation 11 -47 Task Summary 11 -47 Tasks 11 -48 Exercise: Restricting Access to Data on Systems (Level 3) 11 - 51 Preparation 11 - 51 Task Summary 11 - 51 Tasks and Solutions 11 -52 Exercise