sk1 001 server plus certification bible phần 2 pps

35 Chapter 2 ✦ Setting Up the Environment Install equipment in the rack according to the manufacturer’s specifications first. If none are included, the heaviest equipment should go in the bottom of the rack. Preparing Network Cabling Although your entire network may already be cabled, within the server room, you will need to create network cables that connect your servers to your network switches and hubs. There are many other special cabling needs within a server room, including being able to connect two servers together, or to chain two hubs or switches together. Coaxial As described in Chapter 1, coaxial cable consists of a thin copper wire surrounded by protective, insulated material, to protect it from physical damage, and electro- magnetic interference. This is the same type of cable that is used to connect your television or VCR. The ends of the cables are terminated with BNC connectors, of which there are sev- eral types. A single-end BNC connector is what is installed on the end of the coaxial cable. On a network card, it is female, while the connector on the cable is male. Because a coaxial cable network is part of a bus topology, the cables can be con- nected and chained together through different types of BNC connectors. The BNC T-connector is in the shape of a letter T, which enables you to connect it to a device, and then connect another cable to continue the chain. A BNC barrel connector is used to join two coaxial cables together. At the end of the network chain, the cabling must be terminated with a 50-ohm terminator. Without a termina- tor, the network signal would bounce back onto the Ethernet bus, disrupting net- work communications. There are three main ways that a BNC connector can be attached to a cable. It can be bolted on, screwed on, or crimped. The bolt and screw types of connectors are easy to install, as you do not need any special crimping tools to attach the connec- tors. Generally, when you buy coaxial cable, the connectors are already installed on the ends, and all you need to do is properly connect the BNC barrel and T-connec- tors as needed, and terminate the end of the chain. Twisted-pair A standard network twisted-pair cable contains eight wires. Depending on the type of connection you are trying to achieve, there are a number of different ways these wires can be configured. There are two wires dedicated as transmit, and two for receive. The other wires are not used at all. A hub or switch port is already Exam Tip 4809-3 ch02.F 5/16/01 3:12 PM Page 35 36 Part I ✦ Installation configured to reverse these wires so that communications can work properly. When a cable is connected to hub, the transmit wires are connected to the receive wires on the hub. At the same time, the receive wires on the cable are connected to the hub’s transmit wires. If you are trying to connect one PC to another without a hub or switch, you’ll need a crossover cable, which reverses the transmit and receive wires within the cable itself. Some hubs and switches come with an uplink port, which allows a hub to be con- nected or chained together with another hub through the use of a straight-through cable, which is a regular twisted-pair cable without a crossover. Sometimes this port can work both ways, which can be toggled by use of a push switch. However, if the hubs do not have uplink ports, the wires of the standard ports are already reversed, and therefore, you will need a crossover cable to connect both hubs together. For the exam, know the specific pin outs of the cables described in the following sections, and know the type of situation for which each one is used. Straight-through cable This is the most common type of twisted pair cabling. It connects your server or device to a wall jack or hub to complete the network connection. See Figure 2-1 for a pin-out diagram of a straight-through 10BaseT cable, showing the wires used for both transmit and receive. Figure 2-1: A pin-out diagram for a standard straight-through cable 1 Transmit+ White/Orange 2 Transmit– Orange 3 Receive+ White/Green 4 Not Assigned Blue 5 Not Assigned White/Blue 6 Receive– Green 7 Not Assigned White/Brown 8 Not Assigned Brown 1 Transmit+ White/Orange 2 Transmit– Orange 3 Receive+ White/Green 4 Not Assigned Blue 5 Not Assigned White/Blue 6 Receive– Green 7 Not Assigned White/Brown 8 Not Assigned Brown Exam Tip 4809-3 ch02.F 5/16/01 3:12 PM Page 36 37 Chapter 2 ✦ Setting Up the Environment Crossover cable You need to use a crossover cable when connecting two servers together, or linking two hubs together that do not have special uplink ports. The crossover cable reverses the wires so that the transmit and receive wires are connected together. See Figure 2-2 for a pin-out diagram of a crossover 10BaseT cable. Figure 2-2: A pin-out diagram for a crossover cable showing the crossover of the transmit and receive wires Rollover cable A rollover cable is a special type of RJ-45 connector where the pins are flipped over so the connector at one end is a complete reverse of the other. This is mainly used for connecting to console ports on network devices for configuration purposes. See Figure 2-3 for a pin-out diagram of a rollover cable. Figure 2-3: A pin-out diagram for a rollover cable 1 Transmit+ White/Orange 2 Transmit– Orange 3 Receive+ White/Green 4 Not Assigned Blue 5 Not Assigned White/Blue 6 Receive– Green 7 Not Assigned White/Brown 8 Not Assigned Brown 5 Not Assigned White/Blue 6 Receive– Green 7 Not Assigned White/Brown 8 Not Assigned Brown 1 Transmit+ White/Orange 2 Transmit– Orange 3 Receive+ White/Green 4 Not Assigned Blue 1 Transmit+ White/Orange 2 Transmit– Orange 3 Receive+ White/Green 4 Not Assigned Blue 5 Not Assigned White/Blue 6 Receive– Green 7 Not Assigned White/Brown 8 Not Assigned Brown 1 Transmit+ White/Orange 2 Transmit– Orange 3 Receive+ White/Green 4 Not Assigned Blue 5 Not Assigned White/Blue 6 Receive– Green 7 Not Assigned White/Brown 8 Not Assigned Brown 4809-3 ch02.F 5/16/01 3:12 PM Page 37 38 Part I ✦ Installation Making the cable ✦ Cut and crimp network cabling You will probably encounter many situations when you will have to create your own network cables for specific purposes within the server room. With a few simple tools, you can quickly make any type of cable you need: ✦ Cable: For most modern networks, you will need minimum Category 5 UTP cabling. ✦ Connectors: For UTP cabling, you will need RJ-45 connectors, which look simi- lar to RJ-11 phone connectors, but wider to accommodate 8 wires. ✦ Cutter: You will need a good cutting tool to make a nice, even cut in the wires so that the ends line up in a straight line. ✦ Stripper: To cut the plastic casing from the cable, you will need a stripper tool, which will make the task much easier. A sharp knife can also be used, but you must be careful not to damage the internal wires. ✦ Crimper: This tool clamps and seals the connector onto the wires. Some inexpensive crimpers do not crimp the cable ends very well, and over time the pins lose their connection. Get yourself a good quality crimper. The following are some general steps in making a UTP cable. Making a UTP network cable 1. Strip about two inches of the plastic cover away from the end of the cable, revealing the wires beneath. 2. Spread the wires apart, while holding the base of the wires where the casing was stripped. Now you can separate the color-coded wires into the proper order that you need, depending on the cable. You will have to untwist the cables to do this, but do not untwist them too far, as you will lessen the effec- tiveness of the cable if you untwist more than half an inch. 3. Once the wires are in the proper order, straighten them out with your fingers Then, using your cutter, make a straight, even cut, about half an inch from the cable casing, to even up the ends of the wires. 4. Now you can slowly guide the wires into the RJ-45 connector, lining up the wires with their identical slots on the connector. Push the cable in until the plastic casing is able to fit inside the jack. 5. Insert the RJ-45 jack into the crimping tool, being careful not to let the wires fall out of the jack. Then clamp the crimper together as tight as possible until In the Real World Objective 4809-3 ch02.F 5/16/01 3:12 PM Page 38 39 Chapter 2 ✦ Setting Up the Environment you hear some clicking noises. This is an indication that the crimping is completed. 6. Examine the ends of the jack to make sure all the wires have been crimped into the contacts. If available, test the cable with a special electronic cable tester. Making a coaxial network cable is much simpler than a UTP cable, because there is only one wire to worry about, and there is no need to worry about color coding or wire twists. Making a coaxial network cable 1. You will need a special coax cable stripper, because the coaxial cable sheath is very thick, and it may take some patience to strip it with conventional cut- ters. Strip the end of the cable, leaving about 1 ⁄2 inch of the inner conductor exposed, with 1 ⁄8 inch of the inner insulation exposed below that. 2. Place the center pin of the connector over the end of the exposed conductor. It should reach down enough to meet the exposed insulation. Use a special BNC crimper to crimp the connector to the conductor. 3. Slide a small crimp barrel collar onto the to cable, and then the fit the BNC connector onto the end of the cable. Make sure the connection is snug, and that the conductor cable is visible through the end of the connector. 4. Slide the crimp barrel collar back up to fit tightly against the connector. Use the BNC crimper again to crimp the collar onto the cable and connector. 5. Tug the end of the cable to make sure the connector is tightly crimped. Finally, test the connector with a cable tester. A cable tester is a very helpful tool to have when diagnosing cabling problems. For example, on a UTP cable, they can often tell you which pins are not connected, or if the cable is a standard straight through, or crossover cable. Installing the UPS ✦ Install UPS Although a UPS is a simple device to operate, there are several steps needed to properly install and configure the UPS for your server, beyond plugging the server into one of the UPS outlets. Objective In the Real World 4809-3 ch02.F 5/16/01 3:12 PM Page 39 40 Part I ✦ Installation There are four main steps to installing a UPS: 1. Charging the battery 2. Connecting the UPS to the server 3. Configuring the UPS software 4. Testing the UPS Charging the UPS battery The first step, which is often overlooked, is charging the UPS. Before it can be charged, the battery must be connected. UPS companies are required to ship the UPS with the battery disconnected internally, for safety reasons. The first thing you must do is to open up the UPS and reconnect the cable. Do not plug anything into the UPS while it is performing its initial charge, which can take eight to ten hours. By law, UPS units must be shipped with the battery disconnected, for safety rea- sons. It must be connected again when the UPS is unpacked. Many people over- look this, and cannot figure out why a UPS battery will not work when installing for the first time. Connecting the UPS UPS units come with serial cables that connect to the serial port of the server it is protecting. This allows the UPS to communicate with the server’s network operat- ing system. In the event of a power failure, the UPS will contact the server OS, which will then shut itself down gracefully. This prevents data loss and corruption that can happen if the server is shut down abruptly. Configuring the UPS software Within the network OS, you can now configure the UPS software, which will enable you to specify what actions to take in the event of a power failure. You may wish to simply shut down the system, but in the case of a specialized server, such as a criti- cal database server, you will want to be able to run scripts or programs that will safely shut the database down before the rest of the OS is shut down. You should set the shutdown time to begin after at least a few minutes of battery power. If the power failure only lasts less than a minute, there is no need to immediately shut down the server. You should also set up the program to monitor the current UPS statistics such as current load and current state of input voltage. Testing the UPS There are two main scenarios that you should test with your UPS. One test is to make sure the UPS immediately switches to battery in the event of a power failure. Exam Tip 4809-3 ch02.F 5/16/01 3:12 PM Page 40 41 Chapter 2 ✦ Setting Up the Environment The second test is to ensure that if the power is disconnected, that the UPS signals the server operating system of the power failure, and that auto-shutdown is started. To test the UPS, simply disconnect it from your power outlet. The UPS should signal a warning sound, to indicate that it is running on battery power. If power to the server is immediately shut off, there is a problem with your battery, or the battery may not be fully charged. Depending on the load on the UPS, and the number of servers it is connected to, the battery run-time might be very short. If the UPS does not signal the server for auto-shutdown, check the serial cable to make sure it is properly secured to the serial port on both the UPS and the server. Next, you should examine the server configuration to make sure that serial port is enabled and that the UPS is properly configured for auto shutdown. It is a good idea to test your UPS regularly, at least twice a year, to ensure that the battery is still functioning properly. Make sure to do this during non-production hours in case the test fails. Never connect a laser printer to a UPS, as the current surge from the printer when it is first turned on is strong enough to cause damage. Key Point Summary In this chapter, several hardware installation concepts were discussed, including installation of the servers into the rack, preparing network cables, and installing and configuring the UPS. Keep the following points in mind for the exam: ✦ Install servers into the rack according to the rack vendor’s specifications. ✦ Mount heavier equipment on the bottom of the rack to prevent tipping. ✦ Remove all equipment from a rack before moving it. ✦ Know the pin outs of a regular straight-through and crossover UTP cable, and where they should be used given a scenario of hubs and devices. ✦ Coaxial networks need to be terminated at the end of the network bus. ✦ Connect the UPS internal battery connector after being unpacked. ✦ The UPS should be fully charged for eight to ten hours before use. ✦ To enable server auto-shutdown, a serial signal cable should be connected from the UPS to a serial port on each server. ✦ You need to configure the UPS software on each server’s network OS to enable the auto-shutdown features of the UPS. ✦ You should test the UPS regularly to test the state of the battery and the auto shutdown of servers. ✦✦✦ Caution 4809-3 ch02.F 5/16/01 3:12 PM Page 41 STUDY GUIDE The Study Guide section provides you with the opportunity to test your knowledge about setting up the server environment. The Assessment Questions provide prac- tice for the test, and the Scenarios provide practice with real situations. If you get any questions wrong, use the answers to determine the part of the chapter you should review before continuing. Assessment Questions 1. A technician is creating a cable that will connect a standard network switch port to a network router. What type of cable will be needed to complete the connection? A. Straight-through cable B. Uplink sable C. Crossover cable D. Rollover cable 2. A server rack is being moved to a new location on the other side of the build- ing, where a new server room has been constructed. The rack currently holds three servers, but two of them are not used anymore. What is the best pro- cess for moving the rack to its new location? A. Remove all the servers, move the rack to the new location, and install only the server being used back into the rack. B. Remove all the servers, move the rack to the new location, and install all the servers back into the rack. C. Put the entire rack onto a dolly and roll it slowly to its new location. Servers are secured so that they will not fall out. D. Remove the unused servers. Put the rack onto a dolly, and roll it slowly to its new location. 3. A technician is extending a rack-mounted server that is located near the top of the rack. When the server is fully extended, the rack begins to tip over. What is the most likely cause of the imbalance in the rack? A. The rack is too close to the wall. B. The rack has no stabilizer feet attached. 42 Chapter 2 ✦ Study Guide 4809-3 ch02.F 5/16/01 3:12 PM Page 42 43 C. The server should be located lower on the rack. D. The rack is on wheels. 4. A technician wants to connect the uplink port on an existing 24-port hub to a new expansion 12-port hub. Which of the following cable and port combina- tions should be used to properly connect the devices? A. Rollover cable from the uplink port of the 24-port hub to the uplink port of the 12-port hub B. Crossover cable from the uplink port of the 24-port hub to a standard port on the 12-port hub C. Straight-through cable from the uplink port of the 24-port hub to a stan- dard port on the 12-port hub D. Uplink cable from the uplink port of the 24-port hub to the uplink port on the 12-port hub 5. A technician is installing four servers with a combined VA rating of 1200. What VA rating should the UPS have to be able to provide battery backup to the servers? A. 1500 B. 1200 C. 600 D. 3000 6. A technician is installing four servers into a rack. In what order should the components be mounted into the rack? A. Heaviest servers on the top B. Heaviest servers on the bottom C. Server weight distributed evenly over the rack D. According to the rack vendor’s documented specifications 7. A server is being connected to a network switch. What type of network cable will be needed to make the connection? A. Crossover cable B. Straight-through cable C. Rollover cable D. UTP cable 43 Chapter 2 ✦ Study Guide 4809-3 ch02.F 5/16/01 3:12 PM Page 43 8. A new server has been connected to a UPS system. The UPS battery has been fully charged and tested. Two weeks later, a power failure caused the UPS to switch over to battery for 20 minutes before the battery ran out and the server lost power. What is the mostly likely cause of the abrupt server shutdown? A. The UPS load was too high. B. The UPS battery was not charged properly. C. The UPS software was not configured. D. The server is not compatible with the UPS. 9. A 1500VA-rated UPS is connected to a server and monitor with a combined VA rating of 700. The server needs to print reports on an hourly basis, and a laser printer has been installed beside it. The VA rating of the printer is 400. When the technician plugs the printer into the UPS and turns the printer on, the UPS indicates an overload failure. What is the most likely cause of the problem? A. The laser printer is causing an abnormal load on the UPS. B. The VA rating of the combined devices is too high for the UPS. C. The UPS battery has not been charged. D. The printer is incompatible with the UPS. 10. Two network hubs have to be connected together, but neither of them have an uplink port on them. How can the two hubs be connected? A. Rollover cable B. Straight-through cable C. Crossover cable D. Uplink cable 11. A technician wants to properly stabilize a server rack. There are currently five servers mounted on the rack. What can be done to make sure the rack will not move or tip over? A. Move the heaviest servers to the top of the rack. B. Add stabilizer plates to all six sides of the rack. C. Add stabilizer plates to the front and back sides of the rack. D. Bolt the rack into the floor. 44 Chapter 2 ✦ Study Guide 4809-3 ch02.F 5/16/01 3:12 PM Page 44 [...]... software has not been installed D The UPS was not properly grounded 45 4809-3 ch 02. F 46 5/16/01 3: 12 PM Page 46 Chapter 2 ✦ Study Guide Scenarios 1 A technician is expanding a 10BaseT LAN by adding two new servers: a mail server and a file server There is only one unused standard port on the current 24 -port server room hub, so a new 24 -port hub has been purchased to be added on to the first hub The new hub...4809-3 ch 02. F 5/16/01 3: 12 PM Page 45 Chapter 2 ✦ Study Guide 12 A server has just been connected to a new UPS When the technician pulls the power plug to test the UPS, both the UPS and the server abruptly shut down What is the most likely cause of the UPS not running from battery? A The server BIOS was not updated B The UPS software was not installed C The serial cable to the server was disconnected... power-on via power-on sequence 2. 1 Check/upgrade BIOS/firmware levels (system board, RAID, controller, hard drive, etc.) 2. 4 Configure external peripherals (UPS, external drive subsystems, etc.) ✦ ✦ ✦ ✦ 4809-3 ch03.F 52 5/15/01 9:46 AM Page 52 Part I ✦ Installation CHAPTER PRE-TEST 1 Why should BIOS and firmware levels be kept current? 2 Why is the memory checked whenever a server is turned on? 3 What... turning your server on If there is no keyboard present, the server may sound a warning beep and display a message on the monitor screen and will not boot further This is to prevent the server from starting up without any way of inputting commands, or shutting the server down safely Other servers may boot into the operating system anyway, in which case you can sometimes attach a keyboard while the server. .. Operating System Found” appeared on the monitor screen, and the server halted What is the most likely cause of the problem? A The CMOS battery has failed B There is a RAM error C The network OS has not been installed D The server s BIOS is missing 2 A technician is using a KVM switch to access each server in a server rack On one of the servers, the keyboard and mouse do not seem to be working What should... is running on battery Next you should examine the servers to see if auto-shutdown has been initiated after a few minutes 3 The pin out requirements for a crossover cable are detailed in Figure 2- 4 Wires 1 and 3 are crossed over, as are wires 2 and 6 Wires 4, 5, 7, and 8 stay the same 1 Transmit+ White/Orange 1 Transmit+ White/Orange 2 Transmit– Orange 2 Transmit– Orange 3 Receive+ White/Green 3 Receive+... should they be? 2 The two new servers in the Scenario #1 have necessitated an upgrade to the UPS, which currently will not handle the load of the extra servers A new UPS with sufficient capacity for all the servers has been purchased and is ready to be installed What steps must be taken to properly install and test the new UPS? 3 A technician needs to create a crossover cable to connect two servers together... keyboard and mouse See Figure 3-3 for an example of a KVM switch KVM Switch V KM V KM V KM V KM Monitor Keyboard Mouse Server Server Server Figure 3-3: A KVM switch connects several servers to one keyboard, monitor and mouse You will find that sometimes when using the KVM switch to access the server that the keyboard or the mouse will not work Most KVM switches come with a reset button that resets all the... not specify what type of UTP cable For more information, see the “Twisted pair” section 47 4809-3 ch 02. F 48 5/16/01 3: 12 PM Page 48 Chapter 2 ✦ Study Guide 8 C The UPS software was not configured to automatically shut down the server in the event of a power outage Answer A is incorrect because one server will not overload the UPS Answer B is incorrect because the battery was working properly Answer... on the SCSI bus A conflict with another device can render the system inoperable Modems If your server is being used as a remote access server or fax server, there must be a modem located either internal to the server, or connected to it externally through the use of serial modem cables Many remote access servers use a bank of modems, to allow many phone lines to be available for dialing in or out Several . to the wall. B. The rack has no stabilizer feet attached. 42 Chapter 2 ✦ Study Guide 4809-3 ch 02. F 5/16/01 3: 12 PM Page 42 43 C. The server should be located lower on the rack. D. The rack is. floor. 44 Chapter 2 ✦ Study Guide 4809-3 ch 02. F 5/16/01 3: 12 PM Page 44 45 12. A server has just been connected to a new UPS. When the technician pulls the power plug to test the UPS, both the UPS and the server. grounded. 45 Chapter 2 ✦ Study Guide 4809-3 ch 02. F 5/16/01 3: 12 PM Page 45 Scenarios 1. A technician is expanding a 10BaseT LAN by adding two new servers: a mail server and a file server. There is