Introduction Vegetable Oil Resources for Biodiesel Production Methods for modification of straight vegetable oil Performance Evaluation of Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel Stability of biodiesel To study the fossil fuel scenario with respect to petroleum diesel, fuel properties of biodiesel resuorces for biodiesel production, process for its production, etc.
Jatropha curcas oil: A future source of biodiesel By Siddharth Jain INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE ROORKEE-247 667 INDIA Presentation on Contents Introduction Vegetable Oil Resources for Biodiesel Production Methods for modification of straight vegetable oil Performance Evaluation of Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel Stability of biodiesel Conclusion Total crude oil consumption of the country is 184.68 MT in 2007-08. Out of which 80% of the total demad is imported. Import value is 6,06,800 crore. Crude oil is also creating environmental problems. Therefore there is need to go for substitute of petroleum diesel. Substitute of petroleum diesel: Straight vegetable oil Edible oils Non edible oils 72.5 % of the total edible oil demand is importing in the country. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY To study the fossil fuel scenario with respect to petroleum diesel, fuel properties of biodiesel resuorces for biodiesel production, process for its production, etc. Study the effect of biodiesel on the performance of IC engine To study the oxidation stability of biodiesel. WHY JATROPHA Jatropha can be grown in arid zones (20 cm rainfall) as well as in higher rainfall zones & even on land with their soil cover. Under the national biodiesel program Jatropha is selected to fulfill the national need of biodiesel. Upto 2012 government is planning to substitute biodiesel from jatropha in commercial use (20% of the total petroleum diesel ). Jatropha specie is scientifically developed to give maximum yield. It is a quick yielding species even in adverse land situations viz degraded & barren lands under forest & non forest use, dry and drought prone area, marginal lands even an alkaline soils & also as agro forestry crops. Jatropha removes carbon from the atmosphere stores it in the woody tissues & assists in the build up of soil carbon. Various parts of the plant are of medicinal value. Biodiesel and land requirement in India Year Diesel demand (MT) Biodiesel requirement (MT) Seed requirement (MMT) Area requirement (Mha) BD 5 BD 10 BD 20 BD 5 BD 10 BD 20 BD 5 BD 10 BD 20 2007-08 60.18 3.01 6.02 12.0 10.0 20.0 40.1 5.01 10.0 21.0 2008-09 90.27 4.51 9.03 18.0 15.0 30.1 60.1 7.52 15.0 30.0 2009-10 95.23 4.76 9.52 19.0 15.8 31.7 63.5 7.94 15.8 31.7 2010-11 100.47 5.02 10.0 20.1 16.7 33.5 66.9 8.37 16.7 33.5 2011-12 106.00 5.30 10.6 21.2 17.6 35.3 70.6 8.83 17.6 35.3 2012-13 111.83 5.59 11.1 22.3 18.6 37.2 74.5 9.32 18.6 37.2 2013-14 117.98 5.90 11.8 23.6 19.6 39.3 78.6 9.93 19.6 39.3 2014-15 124.47 6.22 12.4 24.9 20.7 41.5 82.9 10.3 20.7 41.5 2015-16 131.31 6.57 13.3 26.2 21.9 43.7 87.5 10.9 21.9 43.7 2016-17 138.54 6.93 13.8 27.7 23.1 46.1 92.6 11.5 23.1 46.1 2017-18 146.16 7.31 14.6 29.2 24.3 48.7 97.4 12.1 24.3 48.7 2018-19 154.19 7.71 15.4 30.8 25.7 51.4 102 12.8 25.7 51.4 2019-20 162.67 8.13 16.2 32.5 27.1 54.2 108 13.5 21.1 54.2 Land area under cultivation of jatropha in various states State Area (ha) % of total land Andhra Pradesh 260 2.63 Bihar 110 1.11 Chattisgarh 650 6.58 Delhi 665 6.63 Gujarat 1140 11.54 Goa 10 0.10 Haryana 520 5.26 Jharkhand 200 2.02 Karnataka 120 1.21 Kerala 50 0.5 Madhya Pradesh 84 0.85 Maharashtra 1310 13.26 Manipur 200 2.03 Meghalaya 200 2.03 Mizoram 300 0.30 Nagaland 240 2.43 Rajasthan 715 7.24 Tamilnadu 960 9.72 Uttar Pradesh 633 6.41 Uttarakhand 650 6.58 West Bengal 100 1.01 Total 9878 100 JATROPHA PLANTATION Productivity of Jatropha plantation S.No Seeds/ hactare (MT) Oil / hectare (MT) Biodiesel/ hectare (MT) Cost of plantation/ hectare (Rs) 1 4-6 1.5-2 1.35- 1.8 20000 Methods of using straight vegetable oil as fuel: As oil As modified oil Problems of using oil directly in engine High viscosity Low calorific value [...]... performance evaluation has found that brake specific fuel consumption for B100 was 14.8% higher than diesel for biodiesel from Jatropha oil at full load, thereby indicating the use of 100% biodiesel can produce same output of energy using higher amount of biodiesel and therefore deserve to become the “On Farmer Fuel” where farmer can grow his own resource, convert to biodiesel and use in agricultural sets... stabilizing the biodiesel S.No Name of antioxidant Abbreviation 1 Pyrogallol PY 2 Gallic Acid GA 3 Propyl Gallate PG 4 Catechol C 5 Nordihydroguaiaretic acid NDGA 6 2-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol BHA 7 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol BHT 8 t-butyl hydroquinone TBHQ CONCLUSIONS Biodiesel is an ecofriendly and renewable fuel substitute of diesel Research has indicated that upto B20, there is no need of modification in... Blends of Jatropha Biodiesel with Diesel COMPARISION OF EMISSIONS FROM BIODIESEL AND DIESEL S.No Emission type B100 B20 1 Hydrocarbon (HC) -67% -20% 2 CO -48% -12% 3 Particulate matter (PM) -47% -2% 4 NOX +10% +2% 5 SO2 -100% -20% 6 PAH -80% -13% The Specification of Biodiesel and Diesel Fuel Properties Jatropha Oil Jatropha Biodiesel Diesel BIS Standards for Biodiesel Net calorific 36.01 value (MJ/kg)... Parameters measured for Biodiesel Preparation Parameters Jatropha Oil Methyl Ester Acid Base Time (min) 180 180 Temp (0C) 65 55 RPM 400 400 Methyl Ester Amount 30 (%) 30 Yield (%) 21.5039 90.21 Catalyst H2SO4 KOH Methanol to oil Ratio 30:70 (v/v) 30:70 Properties of Jatropha oil S.No Properties Jatropha oil 1 Net calorific value (MJ/kg) 36.01 2 Flash point (0C) 242 3 Viscosity (cSt, @ 300C) 51 4 FFA... 150C) 932 BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR A FUEL FOR IC ENGINE High energy density Good combustion qualities High thermal stability Low deposit forming tendencies Compatibility with the engine hardware Good fire safety Low toxicity Low pollution Easy transferability and onboard vehicle storage Variation in BSFC with Load for Different Blends of Jatropha Biodiesel with Diesel Variation in BTE with Load for Different... Soybean 37.9 39.6 -3.9 -12.2 32.6 254 0.9138 Sunflower 37.1 39.6 7.2 -15.0 33.9 274 0.9161 Palm 42.0 39.5 31.0 - 39.6 267 0.9180 Jatropha 40-45 39-40 - - 55@ 300C 240 0.912 Diesel 40-55 42 -15 to -5 -33 to -15 1.3-4.1 60-80 0.820.86 Factors affecting the transesterification reactions Reaction temperature Ratio of alcohol to vegetable oil Catalyst Mixing intensity Purity of reactants EXPERIMENTAL SETUP... the need of any diesel for blending The brake thermal efficiency is found higher upto B30 in comparison to diesel while BTE of B100 (24%) was almost equals to diesel (24.5%) for JOME The basic problem with biodiesel is that it is more prone to oxidation resulting in the increase in viscosity of biodiesel with respect to time which in turn leads to piston sticking, gum formation and fuel automization problems... 37.12 Flash point (0C) 242 192 60-80 130 (minimum) Viscosity (cSt, 51 @ 300C) 5.3 2.6 1.9-6.0 Acid value 17.84 (mgKOH /g) 0.42 0.09 0.8 Density (kg/m3 932 @ 150C) 887 - 880 xidation stability O Perameters required to measure the oxidation stability Peroxide value Iodine value FFA contents Induction period Viscosity Flash point Cloud point Pour point Saponoficatiuon value Antioxidants used for stabilizing...Fuel Properties of Vegetable Oil Vegetable oils Cetan Heating Cloud number valu point es (0C) (MJ/ kg) Pour point (0C) Kinematic Flash viscosit point y (cSt @ 380C) Specific gravi ty @ 150C Corn 37.6 39.5 -1.1 -40.0 34.9 277 0.9095 Cottonseed 41.8 39.5 1.7 -15.0 33.5 234 0.9148 rapeseed 37.6 39.7 -3.9 -31.7 37.0 246 0.9115 Safflower 41.3 39.5 18.3 -6.7 31.3 260 0.9144 Sesame 40.2 39.3 -3.9 9.4... biodiesel is that it is more prone to oxidation resulting in the increase in viscosity of biodiesel with respect to time which in turn leads to piston sticking, gum formation and fuel automization problems Thanks . Jatropha curcas oil: A future source of biodiesel By Siddharth Jain INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE ROORKEE-247 667 INDIA Presentation on Contents Introduction