Tài liệu AMAZONIAN ACCESSIONS OF WILD HEVEA GERMPLASM - A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE pptx

1 A mature rubber plantation Amazonian accessions of wild Hevea germplasm – A potential source of drought tolerance M. A. Mercy, D.B. Nair, Meena Singh, T. Meenakumari, C.P. Reghu and Kavitha K. Mydin Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam – 686 009, Kerala, India Rubber Board (Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India) Email for correspondence: mercyma2006@gmail.com Introduction Expansion of rubber cultivation from traditional to non-traditional regions in India 2 Introduction contd… Early detection of stress resistant traits – useful for the development of location specific clones. The narrow genetic base of Wickham genepool and the unidirectional selection for yield limits the availability of sufficient genetic variability. 1981-IRRDB germplasm collection – a valuable reservoir of genes for various abiotic stresses. 3 Acre : Brasileia, Feijo, Sena Madureira, Tarauaca, Xapuri Rondonia – Ariquemes, Calama, Costa Marques, Jiparana, Ouro Preto, Pimenta Bueno, Jaru Mato Grosso: Aracotuba, Cartriquaca, Itauba, Vila Bella Provenance No.of localities Accessions conserved S.India N.East Total Acre 5 1530 242 1772 Rondonia 7 1540 348 1888 Mato Grosso 4 465 382 847 Total 16 3576 972 4548 Provenance-wise conservation- India Introduced into India from 1981 – 1990 through Malaysia 4 Objective of the study To identify the drought tolerance potential of Amazonian accessions using various morphological, physiological, structural and biochemical parameters related to drought tolerance. - traditional region - hot spot Effect of moisture stress on plant growth 5 Drou g ht affected accession Sun scorching in the leaves 6 7 Morphological Characters  Scion height (cm)  Scion basal diameter (mm) at 20 cm from the bud union  Number of leaves  Number of leaf flushes per plant  Inter-flush distance (cm)  Single leaflet area (cm2)  Specific leaf weight (SLW) Observations Morphological parameters of selected accessions Genotypes Plant height (cm) Basal diameter (mm) No. of flushes No. of leaves Inter flush distance (cm) Single leaflet area (cm 2 ) SLW (g cm -2 ) AC 1044 102.79 c 11.14 ab 2.08 cd 49 d e 28.05 ab 84.42 a 0.005 a MT 55 147.06 a 13.23 ab 3.06 abc 90.89 abc 28.77 ab 87.05 a 0.006 a AC 446 115.77 abc 13.49 ab 2.83 abcd 48.47 de 35.26 ab 86.84 a 0.005 a RRIM 600 104.95 c 11.61 ab 2.28 bc d 51.44 de 22.67 b 58.82 b 0.006 a Tjir 1 104.9 c 11.89 ab 2.61 bc d 70.92 abcd 22.18 b 59.30 b 0.007 a MT 41 144.53 ab 12.88 ab 3.81 a 99.72 a 24.07 b 83.08 a 0.006 a MT 76 144.06 ab 12.02 ab 3 abc 77.22 abcd 28.59 ab 60.85 b 0.006 a MT 66 99.75 c 13.63 ab 2.69 bc d 48.25 de 19.57 b 81.56 a 0.007 a MT 938 130.67 abc 11.5 ab 2.17 cd 60.33 bc de 43.92 a 84.8 a 0.006 a AC 650 123.68 abc 15.79 a 3.36 ab 95.25 ab 32.51 ab 83.22 a 0.007 a AC 652 99.22 c 10.14 b 1.78 d 33.45 21.72 b 80.44 a 0.006 a RRII 105 108.31 bc 11.66 ab 2.25 bc d 50.08 de 20.15 b 61.52 b 0.007 a AC 728 112.29 abc 13.1 ab 2.33 bc d 55.44 cde 24.47 b 90.78 a 0.005 a G mean 118.31 12.47 2.64 63.88 27.07 76.784 0.006 Any two means having a common letter are not significantly different 8 Morphological characterization based on drought sensitive parameters - leaf size - appearance of leaf surface - presence or absence of wax coating on leaf surface - leaf yellowing and senescence - vigour of plant Accn. Leaf size Leaf surface Wax coat Yellowing (%) Vigour Senesce nce (%) MT1631 Narrow Flat Nil 37.5 Low 100 MT 1710 Narrow Curved Nil 10 Medium 80 AC 462 Narrow Flat Nil 68.33 Medium 100 MT 3714 Narrow Curved Nil 100 Medium 84 AC 441 Narrow Flat Nil 100 Medium 100 MT 81 Broad Flat Nil 13.75 Medium 8.33 MT 200 Broad Flat Nil 61.25 High 45 RO 217 Narrow Flat Nil 40.0 High 34 RO 1520 Broad Flat Nil 88 Low 86 Morphological characterization based on drought sensitive parameters Contd…. 9 Acce ssion Leaf size Leaf surface Wax coat Yellowi ng (%) Vigour Senesne nce (%) MT 1623 Narrow Curved Nil 7.5 High 0 MT 1681 Narrow Curved Nil 12.5 High 7.0 MT 52 Narrow Flat Nil 50.0 Low 54 MT 4242 Narrow Flat Nil 42.0 Medium 42 MT 60 Broad Flat Nil 76.25 Medium 80 MT 48 Broad Flat Nil 63.0 Medium 68 MT 1584 Broad Flat Nil 42.0 Medium 50 RRII 208 Broad Flat Nil 43.0 Medium 52 RRIM 600 Narrow/Small Flat Nil 48.0 High 47 Tjir 1 Narrow/small Flat Nil 61.25 Medium 55 RRII 105 Narrow/small Flat Yes 100.0 Medium 100 Contd Physiological parameters : - Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters - Leaf water potential (under water stress ) 10 Ranking of germplasm accessions (top ten) based on percent inhibitions in dark Fv/Fm, quantum yield and Fv’/Fm’. Rank No. Fv/Fm Quantum Yield Fv’/Fm’ 1 MT 4713 MT 4859 MT 4787 2 RO 4580 RO 4913 AC 4833 3 MT 4856 AC 4689 MT 4772 4 MT 5100 MT 4788 MT 5152 5 MT 4772 MT 4856 MT 4856 6 MT 5078 MT 4756 MT 5100 7 MT 4802 MT 5078 MT 4713 8 MT 4788 MT 5100 MT 4788 9 MT 5152 MT 5089 AC 4689 10 MT 5114 MT 4747 MT 5078 The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and percentage inhibitions in top ranking clones. Sl.No. Accession % inhibition in Fv/Fm % inhibition in Q.Y. % inhibition in Fv’/Fm’ Top ranking germplasm accessions 1 MT 5100 6.0 4.3 4.2 2 MT 5078 12.6 4.5 7.6 3 MT 4788 10.0 8.8 10.7 4 MT 4856 14.0 10.0 20.0 Bottom ranking germplasm accessions 1 MT 4694 54.0 37.0 47.0 2 RO 4615 30.0 30.7 24.5 [...]... in the abaxial surface - Thickness of palisade tissue (µm) - Thickness of mesophyll tissue (µm) - Mean number of cells in unit length of the palisade layer - Leaf lamina thickness ( µm) - Leaf vein (midrib) diameter (mm) Stem - No of primary xylem points and intra xylary phloem (from one year old twig) 13 Variability for leaf structural characters of selected accessions of Hevea brasiliensis Accessions. .. at RRS, Dapchari - a drought- prone region experiencing high temperature (exceeding 40o C in April) - high light intensity - very low soil moisture during summer months - rainfall pattern limited only to four months in a year - average annual rain fall of 7.5mm per day - average of 90 rainy days/ year 18 First year post- drought data on range and mean of growth characters in the hot-spot region Characters... whorls and leaves) RO 2524 Good growth (height and girth, no of whorls) MT 945 Good growth (height and girth, no of leaves) MT 58 Good growth (height and girth, no of leaves) 20 Mature yield of Amazonian accessions At RRS, Padiyoor (Northern Kerala) - summer period (February- May) - temperature 350C - rainy days 122/yr - high evaporation ( 5- 6 mm/day) Accessions with good mature yield at RRS, Padiyoor Accessions. .. empirical scoring Germplasm Nursery Yellowing (%) Top Middle SBN 2003 0 -5 SBN 2004 Bottom Senescence (%) Top Middle Bottom 14 -1 5 25 -4 0 0 -1 10 -1 5 2 0-4 0 0 -1 5 40 -4 5 60 -8 5 0 -1 15 -2 0 80 -9 0 SBN 2005 0 -1 0 30 -3 5 50 -8 0 5 -3 0 49 -5 0 75 -9 0 SBN 2006 10 -1 4 39 -4 0 80 -9 0 10 -3 5 50 -5 5 90 -9 5 SBN 2007 0 -1 5 40 -5 0 50 -1 00 10 -3 0 49 -5 0 80 -1 00 SBN 2008 5- 15 40 -5 0 70 -9 0 50 -6 0 70 -1 00 10 -3 0 12 No of wild. .. 11 Clonal variation in afternoon leaf water potential AN Leaf water potential (-Mpa) (April ) MT 3714 (-2 .27) MT 1631 (-2 .4) MT 48 (-2 .67) MT 1681 (-2 .93) MT 1584 (-3 .06) RRII 208 (-3 .07) Tjir 1 (-3 .34) RRIM 600 (-2 .8) RRII 105 (dried) CD= 0.35 ** ** Significant at 1% Percent leaf yellowing and senescence (ranges) of top, middle and bottom ranking accessions selected from source bush nurseries... wild accessions selected from germplasm source bush nurseries for intrinsic tolerance to drought stress Germplasm Nursery Total no of accessions Drought tolerant accessions Drought susceptible accessions SBN 2003 588 70 11 SBN 2004 976 49 30 SBN 2005 700 16 33 SBN 2006 806 11 32 SBN 2007 500 12 12 SBN 2008 202 7 3 Total 3772 165 121 Structural parameters : Leaf - Stomatal density- Number of stomata per... (traditional) AC 166, MT 1020, MT 179, RO 2908, AC 675 22 Conclusions Genetically divergent Amazonian accessions are an excellent repository of genes imparting tolerance to abiotic stress A potential source for drought tolerant accessions Of the three provenances, accessions from Mato Grosso are the most promising for developing drought tolerant clones Thank you all 23 ... section of one year old twig of wild Hevea accession MT 1623 IXP X 16 Transverse section of one year old twig of wild Hevea accession MT 1584 having minimum number of IXP X4 X 16 15 Potential accessions for structural traits along with twig diameter Accession/ No of primary Clone xylem points (PXP) No of intraxylary phloem points (IXP) Diameter IXP/ mm of twig diameter (mm) of twig MT 1623 104.50 77.00 15.60... yield AC 661 MT 941 AC 650 Highlights from various studies Drought related Potential Accessions identified parameter/ location Morphological MT 55, AC 650, MT 66, MT 41, AC 650,MT 76, AC 652, MT 938 Drought adaptation MT 1681, MT 1623 Chlorophyll fluorescence MT 5100, MT 5078,MT 4788, MT 4856 Leaf water potential MT 4788, MT 5100, MT 3714, MT 1631, MT 48 Structural (leaf) AC 446, MT 938, MT 41, AC 1044... 88.50 abcde bcdef 95.65 109.79 107.26 92.47 a 35.24 f 24.29 abc 33.51 abcd 101.38 50.43 58.08 104.27 114.52 fg 48.31 Mesophyll tissue thickness ( m) ab abc cdef 98.18 abcd 31.19 34.59 33.47 29.76 33.40 32.38 a abc cde abc abcd ef 26.04 31.3 Transverse section of one year old twig of wild Hevea accession MT 1623 having maximum number of IXP PX IXP X 16 X4 14 Transverse section of one year old twig of wild . 1 A mature rubber plantation Amazonian accessions of wild Hevea germplasm – A potential source of drought tolerance M. A. Mercy, D.B. Nair, Meena Singh,. Calama, Costa Marques, Jiparana, Ouro Preto, Pimenta Bueno, Jaru Mato Grosso: Aracotuba, Cartriquaca, Itauba, Vila Bella Provenance No .of localities Accessions