Encyclopedia of Smart Materials (Vols 1 and 2) - M. Schwartz (2002) Episode 14 pptx

1162 Index Terms Links This p a g e has been reformatted b y Knovel to p rovide easier navi g ation. Controlled drug delivery 319 Controlled porosity 843 Controllers for ship noise control 1097 1098 for smart skin sound control 1035 for smart truss structures 1074 for vibration control 1088 Copolymers, Langmuir-Blodgett films 586 Copper, thermal properties compared to Ni-Ti shape-memory alloys 629 Copper-aluminum-nickel shape-memory alloys 622 922 952 applications 930 for ship noise control 1101 Copper-aluminum shape-memory alloys 952 Copper-based shape-memory alloys 922 951 952 recovery stresses 961 two-way shape-memory effect 957 958 Copper ferric sulfide, negative thermal expansion 1041 Copper halides, in photochromic glasses 770 773 Copper nitride anodes, lithium-ion batteries 81 Copper tin anodes, lithium-ion batteries 81 Copper tubing 645 Copper-zinc-aluminum shape-memory alloys 622 922 952 applications 930 931 designing with 926 for ship noise control 1101 Copper-zinc shape-memory alloys 952 Cordierite, negative thermal expansion 1051 Corneal nipples 114 Corn starch, electrorheological material dispersed phase 377 Corrosion conductive adhesives 333 marine environments 984 power industry 886 sensor array technology for detection in aircraft 903 904 905 ultrasonic measurement 691 Corrosion cell 906 Couplings, electric power industry 884 Covalent molecularly imprinted polymers 669 Crabs, smart materials for studying 423 Crack development monitoring in structural concrete 64 Schrodinger’s equation-based simulation 271 self-diagnosis in fiber-reinforced composites 891 1163 Index Terms Links This p a g e has been reformatted b y Knovel to p rovide easier navi g ation. Cradle-through-grave approach 220 See also Health monitoring Creatine biosensors 107 o-Cresol red 175 Critical magnetic field 001 Critical temperature indicators 175 Critical transition temperature 001 Cross-linking, in hydrogels 491 493 Crown ethers 471 Cruise control 549 Cryocon electrical connector 935 Cryofit hydraulic pipe couplings 928 929 Crystallization, ultrasound application 691 Cure monitoring 292 frequency-dependent electromagnetic sensing for 456 460 smart automated cure control 463 with surface acoustic wave sensors 915 Current measurement, power industry applications 881 trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diamide organogelator 476 cis-1,3,5-Cyclohexanetricarboxamide derivative organogelators 476 Cymbal (piezoelectric actuator) 1 147 D Dacron, for enzyme immobilization 102 Damage detection carbon-fiber reinforced plastics self-monitoring 392 cement matrix composites for 226 in ceramics and large-scale structures 891 earthquakes, self-diagnosis 582 fiber-optic sensors for 307 415 419 polymer matrix composites for 236 sensor array technology for aircraft 903 904 907 smart paints for 754 triboluminescence applications 190 1063 using dereverberated transfer function 520 533 Dampers electrorheological fluids application 388 1091 lockable damper mechanism 449 magnetorheological fluids application 600 space system 928 Dams health monitoring 546 structural integrity 882 887 Data storage, optical. See Optical recording media 1164 Index Terms Links This p a g e has been reformatted b y Knovel to p rovide easier navi g ation. Daylight sensing, material characteristics for architectural smart materials 62 Dc motors, for ship noise control 1105 Debye polarization, and electrorheological effect 363 364 Decamethylferrocenium, tetracyanothanide ferromagnetism 592 Defect detection noncontact ultrasound for 694 700 701 705 706 707 ultrasound for 690 691 Deformation luminescence 190 Deformation sensors magnetostrictives for 614 triboluminescence applications 1064 Defrost temperature indicator 176 Degrees of freedom, of vibrating systems 1114 DekDyne microsensor 457 Delamination detection, ultrasound for 691 delta E effect 507 609 Demand controlled ventilation 64 Denisyuk hologram 180 Density determination, ultrasound for 690 Dental applications 82 hydrogels application 491 shape-memory alloy application 85 931 Dentures, shape-memory alloy application 86 Dereverberated transfer function, in structural health monitoring 520 damage detection approach using 533 nonuniform structures 525 Dermatitis, detecting with skin sensor 93 Dew-point hygrometers 912 917 Dew point measurement, surface acoustic wave sensors for 916 Dextrans, for enzyme immobilization 102 Diabetes monitoring 99 104 1,2-diaminocyclohexane derivative organogelators 476 2,6-diaminopyridine-barbiturate organogelators 483 Diaphragm-type pressure transducers, for ship health monitoring 985 Diazepam, molecularly imprinted polymer-based assay 680 Dichromism 775 Dielectrics property-performance relationship 458 ultralow dielectric constant 438 1165 Index Terms Links This p a g e has been reformatted b y Knovel to p rovide easier navi g ation. Dielectric sensors for composite manufacturing 562 for cure monitoring 294 298 frequency-dependent electromagnetic sensing 456 Diethylaminoethyl methacrylate chemical indicator 175 Differential Global Positioning Systems 550 Digital chronometer 448 Dimensional analysis noncontact ultrasound application 713 ultrasound application 691 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) detection porous silicon sensors 130 Direct chip attach technique 439 Direct fiber-optic sensors 719 Discrete fiber-optic sensors 719 Discrete spring-mass elements 520 nonuniform structures 525 Dispersions, memory effects 267 Dispersion-strengthened composites 246 Displacement transducers, for ship noise control 1103 Displayed motion 923 Dissolution-diffusion method, for preparing functionally graded polymer blends 826 827 Distributed-effect fiber-optic sensors 718 Distributed fiber-optic sensors 418 718 Distributed fiber-optic temperature sensor 879 Distributed smart material systems 873 Ditriphenylphosphine oxide manganese bromide triboluminescence 1054 Diverging tail 53 DNA-biochips, conductive polymer application 283 DNA-chitosan complexes 186 n-docosanoic (behenic) acid Langmuir-Blodgett films 585 Domain boundaries 994 Donor-acceptor complexes 474 Doppler vibrometers, for bridge monitoring 546 Dot-matrix printer head piezoelectric actuator application 159 Double exchange 202 998 Dragonflies 44 vision 112 Drainage systems, smart materials for 60 Drosophila melanogaster, vision 112 113 1166 Index Terms Links This p a g e has been reformatted b y Knovel to p rovide easier navi g ation. Drug delivery systems 95 319 chitosan-based gels applications 185 glycoproteins for binding 99 hydrogels applications 322 491 495 Dry (intrinsic) electrorheological materials 379 381 Ducts, active noise control in ships 1107 1111 Dyes as chemical indicators 174 Langmuir-Blodgett films 589 as pH indicators for power industry applications 879 Dynamic aeroelasticity 49 Dysprosium. See also Terfenol-D magnetostriction 602 E Earth ceramics. See Soil-ceramics Earthenware 581 Earthquakes damage monitoring 582 fiber-optic sensors for detecting 421 shape-memory alloy application for structural elements 933 triboluminescence during 1055 Eastern Pacific bonito, ultrasonic telemetry 435 Eco-carat soil-ceramic material 1027 Ecosystems 219 Edrophonium chloride, pulsatile delivery systems for 321 Eggo superelastic headphones (Sony) 930 n-eicosanoic (arachidic) acid Langmuir-Blodgett films 585 Elasticoluminescence 190 Elastic properties determination noncontact ultrasound application 700 ultrasound application 691 Elastomers 245 electrorheological materials 376 epoxy resin toughening agent in flip-chips 443 ferroelectric liquid crystalline 850 magnetorheological materials 598 Electrically-conductive adhesives 331 Electrically-induced triboluminescence 1054 Electrically-stimulated pulsatile drug delivery systems 321 Electrical power industry. See Power industry applications Electric motors, for ship noise control 1105 Electric vehicles, high energy density batteries required 68 1167 Index Terms Links This p a g e has been reformatted b y Knovel to p rovide easier navi g ation. Electroceramic actuators 1 2 Electroceramics 337 electromechanical actuators 338 electrostriction 342 optical materials 351 smart chemical systems 347 thermal systems 344 Electrochemical cells 68 light-emitting, PPV application 799 804 Electrochemical micromachining 647 Electrochemical transduction, porous silicon sensors 131 Electrochromics in architectural smart materials 60 62 63 defined 356 Electrochromic smart windows 352 357 360 1133 1135 1141 Electrochromic sol-gel coatings 356 Electrochromism 356 Electrodischarge machining 634 Electroluminescent devices poly(p-phenylenevinylene) for 793 799 Electroluminescents in architectural smart materials 62 63 Langmuir-Blodgett film applications 589 Electrolumiscence 1054 Electromagnetic actuators, for ship noise control 1105 Electromagnetic devices, biomimetic 112 Electromagnetic interference Shielding, conductive polymer composites application 274 Electromagnetic sensing, frequency dependent (FDEMS) 456 Electromechanical actuators 338 Electromyogram (EMG) assessment of fish using telemetry 434 Electron energy-loss spectroscopy for smart perovskite characterization 1010 Electronic nose 284 Electronic packaging 438 Electronic polarization, and electrorheological effect 363 364 387 Electronic Route Guidance Systems 550 Electronics Langmuir-Blodgett film applications 584 shape-memory alloy applications 934 Electron microscopy, precision positioner for 339 Electrophoretic mobility electrorheological fluids 379 1168 Index Terms Links This p a g e has been reformatted b y Knovel to p rovide easier navi g ation. Electrorheological fluids 362 376 for adaptive systems 17 28 30 dielectric properties 363 ESF controllers 451 and fluid machines 450 mechanism of effect 371 385 memory effects 267 for ship noise control 1100 1103 for vibration control 62 1084 1091 Electrorheological materials 218 376 598 applications 388 mechanical properties 382 in oscillatory shearing 383 in steady-state flow 383 Electrorheological valves 390 Electrostatic dissipation, conductive polymer composites application 274 Electrostatic intermolecular interactions 471 472 Electrostriction 139 218 342 measurement 141 smart perovskites 997 Electrostrictive actuators 1 340 Electrostrictive ceramics 139 See also Piezoelectric ceramics applications 146 future trends 147 Electrostrictive materials 860 for adaptive systems 17 28 for ship noise control 1099 1100 Electrostrictive single crystals 143 Elevated houses 1016 Elinvar 1044 Emulsions, memory effects 267 Enclosed sound fields 1109 1112 Energy supply systems, smart materials for 62 63 Engineering materials 214 243 Enhanced active constrained layer (EACL) damping 31 Enlargement, technology direction 582 Ensemble, of molecules in memory fluid 269 Enteric coatings, smart pills 838 Environmental and people applications 392 Environmental design issues 219 Environmentally-responsive self-regulated drug delivery systems 322 Environmental sensors 61 64 Enzymatic biosensors 95 97 98 enzymes used 100 immobilization techniques 100 1169 Index Terms Links This p a g e has been reformatted b y Knovel to p rovide easier navi g ation. Enzyme-based drug delivery systems 324 Enzyme immobilization 101 chitosan-based gel application 188 conductive polymer application 281 Enzyme reaction-sensitive hydrogels 495 applications 500 Epoxide-terminated polyurethane conductive adhesive 334 Epoxy fiberglass snubbers 1125 Epoxy molding compounds, flip-chips for underfills 446 Epoxy resins as binder with PZT in smart paint composites 755 in flip-chips 441 Erasable/rewritable digital storage 738 751 ERL-4221 444 Escherichia coli, infrared detection 116 ESF controllers 452 Esters, Langmuir-Blodgett films 585 N,N'-1,2-Ethanediylbis(2-methyl-2- propenamide)-based molecularly imprinted polymers 671 Ethanol biosensor 98 Ethinyl estradiol, controlled release 324 Ethyleneglycol dimethylmethacrylate-based molecularly imprinted polymers 671 672 675 677 β -Eucryptite, negative thermal expansion 1050 Euler buckling, material characteristics for architectural smart materials 62 Eurema butterfly wings 115 Evolution 217 Exhaust sensor, automotive 347 Extended irreversible thermodynamics 272 Exterior radiation sensors, for louvers 62 Externally-regulated drug delivery systems 319 320 Extrinsic electrorheological materials 379 Extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer sensors 724 725 Extrinsic fiber-optic sensors 416 719 Extrinsic interferometric sensors 1102 Eyeglasses photochromic 1036 superelastic frames 84 923 929 F Fab fragments 840 Fabry-Perot etalons 417 1170 Index Terms Links This p a g e has been reformatted b y Knovel to p rovide easier navi g ation. Fabry-Perot fiber-optic sensors 719 727 for cure monitoring 297 for health monitoring 303 for ship health monitoring 987 Fabry-Perot interferometers 298 417 724 725 726 power industry application 878 Factors of ignorance 1117 Fail-safe design, of aircraft 313 Faraday-rotation transducers 881 Fast ion conductors 349 359 Fast polarization 364 Fatigue shape-memory actuators 629 shape-memory alloys 926 Fatigue life octave rule for improving 1122 sine wave vibration 1121 Fatty acids gelators 475 Langmuir-Blodgett films 585 589 Faujasite, negative thermal expansion 1050 Federal power agencies 874 Feldspar 1020 Ferrimagnets 591 Ferrite, for composite tagging 310 Ferroelectric ceramics in shape-memory 148 150 alloy/piezoelectric heterostructures 557 Ferroelectric hysteresis 341 Ferroelectricity 860 piezoelectric ceramics 162 164 semicrystalline polymers 863 smart perovskites 993 Ferroelectric liquid crystalline elastomers 850 Ferroelectric liquid crystals 850 Ferroelectric relaxors 144 151 153 344 575 Ferro fluids, for gas leakage prevention 455 Ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys 936 Ferromagnetic tagged composites 310 Ferromagnets 591 magnetostriction in 601 Ferrous alloys 215 Fiber Bragg gratings 395 728 in photothermorefractive glasses 778 reflection in 395 Fiber Bragg grating sensors 395 719 724 725 726 728 applications 412 for civil structure health monitoring 316 composite manufacturing applications 562 for cure monitoring 297 ß-eucryptite application 1051 [...]... with piezoelectric polymers composites with smart paints Links 450 74 80 75 80 3 31 72 557 14 4 14 4 569 15 1 15 3 575 858 15 9 10 99 992 16 0 11 00 997 693 575 16 8 15 1 557 755 569 10 43 14 3 557 994 5 71 569 15 2 15 0 693 337 17 15 6 999 16 2 14 4 754 15 2 572 576 15 1 578 16 8 578 343 18 15 7 31 160 557 755 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 11 85 Index Terms Lead zirconate titanate (PZT)... Conductive polymers; Smart polymers Intelligent processing of materials (IPM) Intelligent synthesis, of ceramic materials Links 744 7 51 799 11 43 10 49 3 21 110 6 215 62 319 324 53 222 11 5 279 286 293 934 729 51 113 6 11 2 72 319 10 6 497 320 10 5 438 718 582 392 392 60 60 392 449 218 73 325 498 3 21 500 860 279 559 568 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 11 81 Index Terms Intelligent... drug delivery systems enzyme immobilization in in smart windows structure and properties types Links 399 18 5 18 7 18 0 219 423 217 684 319 222 567 293 10 25 10 66 9 81 982 990 10 97 62 916 998 60 322 5 51 613 11 06 62 64 65 324 390 215 449 8 81 913 10 19 497 17 4 490 322 10 1 11 38 494 494 17 5 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 67 11 79 Index Terms Hydrogen bonding chemical indicators... Glucose oxidase in chemical valve Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Glucose-responsive hydrogels Glucose-responsive insulin delivery Links 18 6 740 7 41 745 7 51 202 6 01 503 510 555 508 504 623 272 553 245 10 2 10 51 770 770 10 55 770 10 56 897 546 314 298 8 91 392 5 81 310 647 80 60 11 33 548 432 987 95 98 99 844 10 0 500 10 6 300 582 583 62 549 550 99 10 0 10 4 10 0 10 5 10 6 325 This page has been reformatted by... Links 636 612 986 10 65 10 89 986 11 03 11 03 645 838 498 586 17 6 844 11 33 10 36 11 35 62 17 4 797 850 267 864 798 586 293 335 359 11 39 63 866 81 74 81 81 72 72 80 72 74 75 81 79 78 73 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 11 87 Index Terms Lithium-ion cells Lithium-iron nitride anodes lithium-ion batteries Lithium-iron oxide cathodes lithium-ion batteries Lithium-manganese... 10 94 308 569 616 16 3 15 0 10 32 14 3 15 1 8 81 557 10 99 992 10 71 2 10 89 423 219 585 71 309 5 71 573 576 578 15 0 16 8 16 2 7 81 788 11 00 995 11 11 147 15 1 220 222 62 455 63 694 690 215 3 21 699 15 4 713 17 8 467 632 644 633 62 799 63 799 60 804 61 62 63 10 19 986 606 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 8 61 118 6 Index Terms Linear (micro)actuator Linear motors, magnetostrictives for Linear... manufacture Free system model Frequency, of vibration and displacement Links 644 637 654 30 448 267 418 417 295 11 43 10 56 585 45 443 296 49 598 10 29 17 7 423 907 511 616 18 7 392 874 214 19 0 19 0 10 55 928 529 535 923 508 10 70 11 14 11 17 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 11 74 Index Terms Frequency dependent electromagnetic sensing (FDEMS) cure monitoring application life... architectural smart materials Links 73 81 80 81 71 78 75 344 7 81 1099 15 1 15 7 71 344 15 1 15 7 11 00 81 80 645 965 449 303 11 04 304 930 62 276 965 977 10 3 978 62 63 419 4 91 965 71 107 724 M Mach-Zender interferometer Macroporous hydrogels Macroscopic transformation strain Magnesium battery Magnesium biosensors 725 726 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 11 88 Index Terms... framework 11 40 99 216 745 883 357 15 5 11 33 10 7 888 11 35 11 40 589 348 913 319 11 27 487 18 3 474 4 71 490 376 598 267 322 5 61 880 272 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 11 75 Index Terms Gene therapy, chitosan-based gel delvery Germanium chalcogenide films GFRP See Glass-fiber-reinforced plastics Giant magnetoresistance Giant magnetostriction Giant magnetostrictive materials. .. and wettability Microtube shutter mechanism Links 913 17 5 17 5 724 935 725 726 503 292 11 16 630 6 31 637 337 935 912 14 7 635 635 6 41 355 556 630 644 584 589 6 31 6 31 273 9 41 110 3 4 91 620 644 644 699 6 91 644 7 01 705 706 708 912 416 15 1 638 642 18 0 656 656 656 665 657 658 644 648 654 663 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 11 92 Index Terms Migration studies Milk products, . shape-memory alloys 629 Copper-aluminum-nickel shape-memory alloys 622 922 952 applications 930 for ship noise control 11 01 Copper-aluminum shape-memory alloys 952 Copper-based shape-memory. crystals 14 3 Elevated houses 10 16 Elinvar 10 44 Emulsions, memory effects 267 Enclosed sound fields 11 09 11 12 Energy supply systems, smart materials for 62 63 Engineering materials 214 243. Free stand zone melting, for giant magnetostrictive material manufacture 508 Free system model 10 70 Frequency, of vibration 11 14 and displacement 11 17 11 74 Index Terms Links