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[...]... End-of-life practice in European intensive care units The Ethicus Study JAMA 290:790 17 Singer P, Martin DK, Kelner M (19 99) Quality end-of-life care: Patients’ perspectives JAMA 2 81: 163 16 8 18 Truog RD, Burns JP (2002) Excellence in end-of-life care: a new goal for intensivists Intensive Care Med 28 :11 97 11 99 19 Ben-Nun M, Konichezk S, Polishuk Y, Benbenishty J (2005) Care of the deceased patient and. .. (Pelle) family member IRAK-2 and MyD88 as proximal mediators of IL -1 signaling Science 278 :16 12 16 15 14 Cao Z, Henzel WJ, Gao X (19 96) IRAK: a kinase associated with the interleukin -1 receptor Science 2 71: 112 8 11 31 15 Mulligan MS, Miyasaka M, Tamatani T et al (19 94) Requirements for L-selectin in neutrophil-mediated lung injury in rats J Immunol 15 2:832–840 16 Yiming MT, Parthasarathi K, Issekutz AC... 320:469–473 11 Eliasson AH, Howard RS, Torrington KG et al (19 97) Do-not-resuscitate decisions in the medical ICU: comparing physician and nurse opinions Chest 11 1 :11 06 11 11 12 Heyland DK, Cook DJ, Rocerk GM et al (2003) Decision-making in the ICU: perspectives of the substituted decision-maker Intensive Care Med 29:75–82 13 Prendergast TJ, Luce PM (19 97) Increasing incidence of withholding and withdrawal... homologous to members of the interleukin -1 receptor (IL-1R) family MyD88 is an adaptor protein that associates with the IL-1R protein by direct TLR–TLR domain interaction [13 ] The death domain (DD) of MyD88, then, is recruited by a homotypic DD interaction, a family of IL-1R-associated protein kinases (IRAKs) [13 , 14 ] On IL -1 binding to the IL-1R, IRAK -1 is phosphorylated and dissociates from the receptor... Crit Care Med 31: S243–247 20 Vu TK, Hung DT, Wheaton VI et al (19 91) Molecular cloning of a functional thrombin receptor reveals a novel proteolytic mechanism of receptor activation Cell 64 :10 57 10 68 21 Jenkins RG, Su X, Su G et al (2006) Ligation of protease-activated receptor 1 enhances alpha(v)beta6 integrin-dependent TGF-beta activation and promotes acute lung injury J Clin Invest 11 6 :16 06 16 14 22... Health and Safety, University of Insubria – Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit B, District Hospital and Macchi Foundation, Varese (Italy) Massone M.L Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, G Gaslini Institute Children’s Hospital, Genoa (Italy) Perrone L 2nd Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Abdominal Transplantation Unit, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milan (Italy) Mazzon D Department of Surgery and. .. Crit Care Med 15 5 :15 –20 14 Azoulay E, Pochard F, Chevret S et al (2004) Half the family members of intensive care unit patients do not want to share in the decision-making process: A study in 78 French intensive care units Crit Care Med 32 :18 32 18 38 15 Jacob DA (19 98) Family members’ experiences with decision making for incompetent patients in the ICU: a qualitative study Am J Crit Care 7:30–37 16 Sprung... emergency team Anaesth Intensive Care 23 :18 3 18 6 Dying in the Intensive Care Unit 7 6 Hourihan F, Bishop G, Hillman KM et al (19 95) The medical emergency team: a new strategy to identify and intervene in high risk patients Clin Intensive Care 6:269–272 7 Daffurn K, Kerridge R, Hillman KM et al (19 92) Active management of the dying patient Med J 15 7:7 01 704 8 Angus D, Barnato AE, Linde-Zwirble WT et al on... Palliat Care 16 :S10–S16 3 The SUPPORT Principal Investigators (19 95) A controlled trial to improve care for seriously ill hospitalised patients: The Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments (SUPPORT) JAMA 274 :15 91 15 98 4 Amos B (2000) Australia’s health system in the 20th century Healthcover 10 :59–63 5 Lee A, Bishop G, Hillman KM et al (19 95) The medical emergency. .. specific inhibitors; the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) MMP-2 is essentially inhibited by TIMP-2; and MMP-9 is inhibited by TIMP -1 Recently is has become apparent that the unbalanced MMP-9/TIMP -1 ratio will be involved in airway remodelling, leading to either short- or long-course ARDS, and that the MMP-9/TIMP -1 ratio could therefore be a predictive factor for the outcome of ARDS [6] . Gullo (Editor) Anaesthesia, Pain, Intensive Care and Emergency – A.P.I.C.E. Proceedings of the 21 st Postgra duate Course in Critical Care Medicine Venice-Mestre, Italy –November 1 0 -1 3, 2006 A Gullo (Editor) Anaesthesia, Pain, Intensive Care and Emergency A.P.I.C.E. Proceedings of the 21 st Postgraduate Course in Critical Care Medicine Venice-Mestre, Italy – November 1 0 -1 3, 2006 Springer ANTONINO. Italy Library of Congress Control Number: 20069356 91 ISBN 10 8 8-4 7 0-0 57 0 -1 Springer Milan Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 13 97 8-8 8-4 7 0-0 57 0-9 Springer Milan Berlin Heidelberg New York This work