linux assembly language programming PHẦN 2 doc

7KHQXPEHURIELWVLQDZRUGLVFDOOHGWKH ZRUGVL]H 7KHZRUGVL]HRIWKHPHPRU\LQ)LJXUHLVIRXUELWV $FRPSXWHUZLWKVXFKDPHPRU\ZRXOGEHVDLGWRKDYH IRXUELWZRUGV (DFKZRUGLQWKLVPHPRU\KROGVD QXPEHUUHSUHVHQWDEOHLQIRXUELQDU\GLJLWVLHDQXPEHUIURPWKURXJK6RIRUH[DPSOHDSURFHVVRU UHTXHVWLQJWKHZRUGORFDWHGDWWKHDGGUHVVZRXOGEHJLYHQWKHQXPEHU:KHQGHVLJQLQJDFKHVVSOD\LQJ FRPSXWHUIRUH[DPSOHLWPLJKWEHDJRRGLGHDWRXVHELWZRUGVRQHELWIRUHDFKORFDWLRQRQWKHFKHVV ERDUG :RUGVLQFRPSXWHUPHPRU\DUHQXPEHUHGFRQVHFXWLYHO\VWDUWLQJIURP]HUR7KHVHQXPEHUVDUHFDOOHG DGGUHVVHV ,Q)LJXUHWKHDGGUHVVHVDUHWKHLQWHJHUVIURPWKURXJK$FRPSXWHUZLWK Q ZRUGVZLOO KDYHDGGUHVVHVIURPWKURXJK Q :KHQUHTXHVWLQJGDWDWUDQVIHUVLQWRRURXWIURPPHPRU\FRPSXWHU SURFHVVRUVXVHDGGUHVVHVWRVSHFLI\ZKLFKGDWDZRUGVDUHWREHWUDQVIHUUHG 7KHWRWDOFDSDFLW\RIDFRPSXWHUPHPRU\LVWKHQXPEHURIZRUGVLQWKHPHPRU\WLPHVWKHZRUGVL]HOHQJWK WLPHVZLGWK7KHOLWWOHPHPRU\LQ)LJXUHKDVDFDSDFLW\RIELWV0HPRU\FDSDFLW\LVRIWHQPHDVXUHG LQ E\WHV LQVWHDGRIELWV2QHE\WHRIPHPRU\LVWKHVDPHDVHLJKWELWV &RPSXWHUVEDVHGRQ,QWHOSURFHVVRUVXVHHLJKWELWZRUGV$ZDUQLQJQRWHLVLQRUGHUKHUH%HFDXVH GRFXPHQWDWLRQIURP,QWHODQG0LFURVRIWXVHWKHWHUP ZRUG WRUHIHUWRDELWREMHFWWKLVXVDJHKDVEHFRPH IDLUO\VWDQGDUG7KLVLVXQIRUWXQDWH,WLVEHWWHUWROHDYHWKHWHUPZLWKLWVPDFKLQHGHSHQGHQWPHDQLQJ,QDQ\ FDVHWKHQXPEHURIE\WHVLQWKHPHPRU\RIDQ,QWHOEDVHGPDFKLQHLVWKHVDPHDVWKHQXPEHURIDGGUHVVHV %HFDXVHWKHQXPEHURIZRUGVLQDFRPSXWHUPHPRU\LVW\SLFDOO\DODUJHSRZHURIWZRRUDVPDOOPXOWLSOH WKHUHRIVHYHUDOQDPHVIRUWKHVHODUJHSRZHUVRIWZRKDYHEHHQDGDSWHGIURPWKHPHWULFV\VWHP)RU H[DPSOH  LVDQGLVDSSUR[LPDWHO\,QWKHPHWULFV\VWHPWKHOHWWHU.IURP NLOR LVXVHGWR VWDQGIRU,QUHIHUHQFHWRFRPSXWHUPHPRU\NLORPHDQV2WKHUPHWULFSUHIL[HVZKLFKKDYHEHHQ DGDSWHGDUHVKRZQLQWKHIROORZLQJWDEOH 7KHXVHRIWKHDSSUR[LPDWHHTXDOLWLHVLQWKLVWDEOHPDNHVSRVVLEOHVLPSOLILHGFRPSXWDWLRQVLQYROYLQJODUJH ([DFW9DOXH 6\PERO 3UHIL[ $SSUR[LPDWH9DOXH    . NLOR WKRXVDQG    0 PHJD PLOOLRQ    * JLJD ELOOLRQ    7 WHUD WULOOLRQ /DUJH3RZHUVRI7ZR SRZHUVRIWZR)RUH[DPSOHWKHPD[LPXPPHPRU\FDSDFLW\RIDQ,%0$7FRPSXWHULV  E\WHVRI PHPRU\7RH[SUHVVWKLVDPRXQWLQPRUHIDPLOLDUWHUPVZHPD\EUHDNGRZQ  DVIROORZV 7KLVLVDSSUR[LPDWHO\PLOOLRQE\WHV6LQFH   .î. 0HJWKHH[DFWDPRXQWRIPHPRU\LVO 0HJDE\WHVRUE\WHV 7KH+H[DGHFLPDO6\VWHP %DVHVL[WHHQLVLPSRUWDQWEHFDXVHLWLVHDVLHUWRUHDGDQGZULWHWKDQELQDU\EXWLVQRQHWKHOHVVUHDGLO\ FRQYHUWLEOHWRDQGIURPELQDU\ %DVHVL[WHHQLVDOVRWKHILUVWEDVHZHKDYHFRQVLGHUHGZKLFKLVJUHDWHUWKDQWHQ,QVWHDGRISXWWLQJVRPH QXPHUDOVRXWRIZRUNEDVHVL[WHHQUHTXLUHVWKHHPSOR\PHQWRIDGGLWLRQDOQXPHUDOV6LQFHQXPHUDOVDUH QHHGHGIRUDOOQXPEHUVOHVVWKDQVL[WHHQWKLVPHDQVSRVLWLRQVDUHRSHQIRUWKHQXPEHUVWHQHOHYHQWZHOYH WKLUWHHQIRXUWHHQDQGILIWHHQ,WLVWKHFXVWRPWRILOOWKHVHSRVLWLRQVZLWKWKHOHWWHUV$%&'(DQG) 6RLQEDVHVL[WHHQFRXQWLQJJRHVOLNHWKLV$%&'() $%&'()DQGVRRQ6HH7DEOH 7DEOH+H[DGHFLPDO6\VWHP3ODFH9DOXHV V V +H[DGHFLPDO 'HFLPDO                                      $ $   % %   & &   ' '   ( (   ) )                                           $ $   % %   & &   ' '  7KHUHLVYDOXHLQEHLQJDEOHWRDGGDQGVXEWUDFWLQKH['HEXJJHUVJHQHUDOO\GLVSOD\UHJLVWHUVLQKH[DQGLW LVKDQG\WREHDEOHWRFKHFNWKHDULWKPHWLFEHLQJGLVSOD\HGZLWKRXWKDYLQJWRFRQYHUWEDFNWREDVHWHQ $GGLWLRQDQGVXEWUDFWLRQDUHHDV\WRGRLQKH[LIZHUHPHPEHUWKDWFDUU\LQJDQGERUURZLQJDUHGRQHZLWK  $GGLWLRQLQ+H[ 7RDGG ZHVWDUWZLWKWZHOYHSOXVHLJKWZKLFKLVWZHQW\ZKLFKLV+ZKLFKLVFDUU\ SOXVHOHYHQSOXVVHYHQLVQLQHWHHQZKLFKLV+ZKLFKLVFDUU\ $ HLJKWHHQZKLFKLV+ZKLFKLVFDUU\ )LQDOO\  6XEWUDFWLRQLQ+H[ 7RVXEWUDFW  ( (   ) )          ZHVWDUWE\ERUURZLQJ &²(LVWZHQW\HLJKWPLQXVIRXUWHHQZKLFKLVIRXUWHHQ $²LVWHQPLQXVIRXULV $JDLQERUURZLQJ $LVWZHQW\WKUHHPLQXVWHQZKLFKLVWKLUWHHQRU' )LQDOO\  &RQYHUVLRQWR+H[ 7RFRQYHUWDQXPEHULQWREDVHVL[WHHQZHFDQGLYLGHE\DVPDQ\WLPHVDVQHFHVVDU\6XSSRVHZHFRQYHUW LQWRKH[DGHFLPDO 7RGHPRQVWUDWHWKHHDV\FRQYHUWLELOLW\RIEDVHWZRLQWREDVHVL[WHHQZHDJDLQFRQVLGHUWKHQXPEHU RQO\WKLVWLPHZHFRQYHUWLWLQWREDVHWZR 7KHIDFWWKDWGLYLGLQJE\IRXUWLPHVLVHVVHQWLDOO\WKHVDPHWKLQJDVGLYLGLQJE\VXJJHVWVWKDWIRXU VWDJHVRIWKLVFRQYHUVLRQPXVWFRUUHVSRQGWRRQHVWDJHRIKH[DGHFLPDOFRQYHUVLRQ,IZHJURXSWKHELQDU\ GLJLWVLQWRIRXUVZHGRLQIDFWREVHUYHWKLVUHODWLRQVKLS 7KHVHOXPSVRIIRXUGLJLWVZKHQWUHDWHGDVLQGLYLGXDOQXPEHUVDQGJLYHXVWKH KH[DGHFLPDOGLJLWV(DQG7KLVLVWKHEDVHVL[WHHQUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIRQHWKRXVDQG,WLVFOHDUKRZWR FRQYHUWLQWKHRWKHUGLUHFWLRQDVZHOO7KHFRQYHUVLRQEHWZHHQWKHWZRLVHDV\HQRXJKWKDWLWFDQEHGRQH ZLWKRXWWKLQNLQJ6HH7DEOH7KLVPDNHVLWSRVVLEOHWRXVHKH[DGHFLPDODVDKXPDQUHDGDEOHIRUPRI ELQDU\DNLQGRIKLJKOHYHOPDFKLQHODQJXDJH&RQVLGHUWKHIROORZLQJWZRUHSUHVHQWDWLRQVRIWKHVDPH QXPEHU     (           %      $   6XSSRVH\RXKDGWRUHDGRQHRIWKHVHWRDKDUGZDUHVXSSRUWSHUVRQRYHUWKHSKRQHRUFRS\LWRQWRD SRVWFDUG,VWKHUHDQ\GRXEWWKDWXVLQJKH[ZRXOGEHHDVLHUDQGOHVVOLDEOHWRHUURU" &RPSXWHUSURJUDPVRULJLQDOO\FRQVLVWHGRIOLQHDIWHUOLQHRIELQDU\FRGH7KHUHLVDELWWHUVZHHWLURQ\KHUH )LOOLQJRXWFRGLQJVKHHWVZLWK]HURVDQGRQHVZDVDMREW\SLFDOO\GRQHE\ZRPHQ$VDUHVXOWPDQ\ZRPHQ JRWLQRQWKHYHU\EHJLQQLQJRIWKHFRPSXWHUSURJUDPPLQJILHOG :K\QRW2FWDO" 2FWDOQXPEHUVFDQEHFRQYHUWHGEDFNDQGIRUWKIURPELQDU\LQWKHVDPHZD\DVKH[QXPEHUVPHUHO\ JURXSLQJE\WKUHHVLQVWHDGRIIRXUV2FWDODOVRKDVWKHDGYDQWDJHRYHUKH[LQWKDWQRDOSKDEHWLFQXPHUDOVDUH QHHGHG+RZHYHUWKHLQFUHDVLQJO\ZLGHVSUHDGXVHRIWKHE\WHDVWKHIXQGDPHQWDOXQLWRIPHPRU\KDVOHGWR DGHFUHDVHLQWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIRFWDO %DVH'LVWLQJXLVKLQJ1RWDWLRQV 6LQFHDOOWKHGLJLWVLQGHFLPDODUHYDOLGLQKH[DGHFLPDOLWLVQRWSRVVLEOHWRGHWHUPLQHZLWKRXWDGGLWLRQDO LQIRUPDWLRQZKHWKHUQXPHUDWLRQVXFKDVLVLQWHQGHGDVGHFLPDORUKH[$FRPPRQFRQYHQWLRQIRU LQGLFDWLQJKH[DGHFLPDOLVWKHXVHRIDQDSSHQGHG+:KHQWKLVFRQYHQWLRQLVXVHGMXVWPHDQVILIW\EXW +PHDQVILIW\LQKH[LHHLJKW\2FFDVLRQDOO\SDUWLFXODUO\ZLWKDVVHPEOHUV%DQG'DUHDSSHQGHGWR LQGLFDWHELQDU\DQGGHFLPDO$SSHQGLQJ2IRURFWDOZRXOGREYLRXVO\QRWEHDJRRGLGHD,QWKH&ODQJXDJH RFWDOLVLQGLFDWHGE\SUHSHQGLQJD  DQGKH[DGHFLPDOLVLQGLFDWHGE\SUHSHQGLQJD [ 7KLVERRNSODFHV SULPDU\UHOLDQFHRQGHFLPDOKH[DGHFLPDODQGELQDU\QXPHUDWLRQ7RGLVWLQJXLVKWKHVHEDVHVWKHIROORZLQJ FRQYHQWLRQVZLOOEHXVHG z +H[DGHFLPDOH[FHSWLQ&SURJUDPVZLOODOZD\VEHLQGLFDWHGE\DQDSSHQGHG+,QDGGLWLRQEHFDXVH RIDSUREOHPGLVFXVVHGLQVHFWLRQKH[QXPHUDWLRQXVHGLQWKHDVVHPEO\ODQJXDJHZLOODOVRKDYHD SUHSHQGHG z %LQDU\ZLOOEHLQGLFDWHGE\JURXSLQJGLJLWVLQWRFOXPSVRIIRXUVHSDUDWHGE\VSDFHV z %DVHWHQQXPHUDWLRQLVWKHGHIDXOW,WLVDVVXPHGIRUDOOQXPHUDWLRQZKRVHEDVHLVQRWRWKHUZLVH LQGLFDWHG )UDFWLRQVLQ2WKHU%DVHV 7DEOH+H[%LQDU\&RQYHUVLRQ %LQDU\ +H[DGHFLPDO 'HFLPDO                                $   %   &   '   (   )  0XFKFRPSXWDWLRQLQYROYLQJIUDFWLRQVLVGRQHXVLQJVFLHQWLILFQRWDWLRQ%HFDXVHVFLHQWLILFQRWDWLRQLQYROYHV ERWKGHFLPDOIUDFWLRQVDQGH[SOLFLWSRZHUVRIWHQLWDOORZVIRUIUHHGRPLQWKHORFDWLRQRIWKHGHFLPDOSRLQW )RUH[DPSOH &RQVHTXHQWO\VFLHQWLILFQRWDWLRQLVVRPHWLPHVUHIHUUHGWRDV IORDWLQJSRLQW QRWDWLRQ7KHIORDWLQJSRLQW SURSHUW\RIWKHUHSUHVHQWDWLRQLVDUHVXOWRIWKHIDFWWKDWDOOSDUWVRIWKHUHSUHVHQWDWLRQLQFOXGLQJWKH IUDFWLRQDOSDUWXVHSRZHUVRIWHQ,QRUGHUWRWDNHDGYDQWDJHRIWKHIORDWLQJSRLQWSURSHUW\LQFRPSXWHU FRPSXWDWLRQVZKLFKXVHWKHELQDU\V\VWHPDOOIUDFWLRQVDQGH[SOLFLWSRZHUVPXVWEHELQDU\LQVWHDGRI GHFLPDO 1RQGHFLPDOSODFHKROGLQJIUDFWLRQVZHUHXVHGE\WKH%DE\ORQLDQVDQGSHUVLVWWRGD\LQRXUWLPHDQGDQJOH XQLWV\VWHPVZKHUHZHVHHPLQXWHVDQGVHFRQGVDVEDVHIUDFWLRQV 'HFLPDOIUDFWLRQVRIFRXUVHDUHRXUHYHU\GD\VWDQGDUG)RUH[DPSOH :HILQGWKLVEDVHWHQIUDFWLRQXVLQJORQJGLYLVLRQ 6XSSRVHZHZDQWWRILQGRQHHLJKWKDVDSHQWLPDOIUDFWLRQ:HFDQXVHORQJGLYLVLRQLQEDVHILYHXVLQJWKH SHQWLPDOPXOWLSOLFDWLRQWDEOHZKHUHQHFHVVDU\7KHSHQWLPDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIHLJKWLV 7KLVLVDUHSHDWLQJIUDFWLRQVLPLODUWR LQWKHGHFLPDOV\VWHP6RRQHHLJKWKLQWKHSHQWLPDO V\VWHPLV DQLQILQLWHO\UHSHDWLQJIUDFWLRQ,WVPHDQLQJUHSUHVHQWHGXVLQJRUGLQDU\GHFLPDOQRWDWLRQLVWKDW ,IZHXVHORQJGLYLVLRQWRJHWWKHKH[DGHFLPDOIUDFWLRQZHJHWDILQLWHUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ 7KLVLVFHUWDLQO\FRUUHFWVLQFH ,QEDVHWZRWKHVDPHGLYLVLRQORRNVOLNHWKLV 7KLVLVFRUUHFWVLQFH ,QHDUO\,QWHOV\VWHPVFRPSXWDWLRQVEDVHGRQIORDWLQJSRLQWQXPEHUVZHUHGRQHRQVHSDUDWHSURFHVVRUVVXFK DVWKH6LQFHWKHWKHVHIORDWLQJSRLQWXQLWVZHUHLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWRWKHPDLQSURFHVVRU,Q&D SURJUDPPHUPD\VHQGFRPSXWDWLRQVWRWKHIORDWLQJSRLQWXQLWE\XVLQJDIORDWLQJSRLQWGDWDW\SHVXFKDV GRXEOH &RQYHUWLQJ)UDFWLRQV ,QWKHSUHYLRXVVHFWLRQZHXVHGORQJGLYLVLRQWRILQGDSODFHKROGLQJIUDFWLRQJLYHQWKHQXPHUDWRUDQG GHQRPLQDWRUDVLQWHJHUV)RUH[DPSOHWRILQGDEDVHWZRSODFHKROGLQJIUDFWLRQZHFRXOGGRORQJGLYLVLRQ LQEDVHWZR,IZHDUHJLYHQLQVWHDGDSODFHKROGLQJIUDFWLRQLQVRPHRWKHUEDVHZHFDQXVHDPXOWLSOLFDWLYH SURFHVVWRGRWKHFRQYHUVLRQ)RUH[DPSOHVXSSRVHZHDUHJLYHQWKHGHFLPDOIUDFWLRQ«DQGZH ZLVKWRFRQYHUWWKDWLQWRDELQDU\IUDFWLRQ/HW E   E   E  «EHWKHXQNQRZQGLJLWVLQRXUELQDU\IUDFWLRQ ,IZHXVHWKHHTXDOLW\ ZHFDQGHWHUPLQHWKHLUYDOXHVDVIROORZV6XSSRVHZHGRXEOHERWKVLGHVRIWKLVHTXDWLRQ 7KHLQWHJHUSDUWVRIERWKVLGHVPXVWDJUHH7KHLQWHJHUSDUWRIWKHOHIWVLGHLV]HURVR E   +HQFHZHKDYH RXUILUVWGLJLWDQGZHDOVRKDYHWKHHTXDWLRQ ,IZHGRXEOHWKLVHTXDWLRQZHJHW $JDLQWKHLQWHJHUSDUWVRIERWKVLGHVPXVWDJUHHVR E   6XEWUDFWLQJ  E  IURPWKLVHTXDWLRQ\LHOGVWKH HTXDWLRQ &RQWLQXLQJLQWKLVZD\ZHJHW E    E    E    E   HWF+HQFHWKHELQDU\IRUPRILV :HKDYHMXVWIRXQGDELQDU\IUDFWLRQIURPDGHFLPDOIUDFWLRQE\PXOWLSO\LQJE\UHSHDWHGO\7RILQGD SHQWLPDOIUDFWLRQIURPDGHFLPDOIUDFWLRQZHEHJLQZLWKDVLPLODUHTXDWLRQDQGPXOWLSO\E\UHSHDWHGO\ %\GHILQLWLRQWKHEDVHILYHFRHIILFLHQWVPDNHWKLVHTXDWLRQWUXH 0XOWLSO\LQJWKLVHTXDWLRQE\\LHOGV 7KHLQWHJHUSDUWRIERWKVLGHVPXVWDJUHH+HQFH E   6XEWUDFWLQJ  E  \LHOGV 0XOWLSO\LQJWKLVHTXDWLRQE\\LHOGV )URPWKLVZHJHW E   DQG &RQWLQXLQJLQWKLVZD\ZHJHW E    E    E    E   HWF6RWKHSHQWLPDOHTXLYDOHQWLV« )XUWKHU5HDGLQJ 1XPEHU:RUGVDQG1XPEHU6\PEROV$&XOWXUDO+LVWRU\RI1XPEHUV .DUO0HQQLQJHU'RYHU%RRNV &KDSWHU/2*,&&,5&8,76$1'&20387$7,21 (OHFWURQLFFRPSXWHUVDUHPDGHRIORJLFFLUFXLWV7KHDLPRIWKLVFKDSWHULVWRH[SODLQKRZWKHEDVLF FRPSXWHUIXQFWLRQVRIDULWKPHWLFDQGVWRUDJHFDQEHGRQHXVLQJWKHVHFLUFXLWV,WFXOPLQDWHVLQDEULHI GLVFXVVLRQRIWKH $'' DQG 029 FRPPDQGV 7KHPRVWEDVLFORJLFFLUFXLWVDUHFDOOHG JDWHV *DWHVDUHFRQWUROOHUFLUFXLWV7KHVLPSOHVWORJLFJDWHLVWKH 127JDWH,QWKHQH[WVHFWLRQLWLVVKRZQKRZD127JDWHFDQFRQWURODIODVKOLJKW 7KH127*DWH 7KHVLPSOHIODVKOLJKWFLUFXLWVKRZQLQ)LJXUHLVFRQWUROOHGE\WKHVZLWFKDWWKHWRSZKLFKLVVKRZQLQ WKHRSHQSRVLWLRQ7KHQHJDWLYHHQGRIWKHEDWWHU\LVFRQQHFWHGGLUHFWO\WRWKHEXOEEXWWKHSRVLWLYHHQGLV RQO\FRQQHFWHGWRWKHEXOEE\ZD\RIWKHVZLWFK6RZKHQWKHVZLWFKLVRSHQFXUUHQWZLOOQRWIORZDQGWKH EXOELVRII:KHQWKHVZLWFKLVFORVHGFXUUHQWFDQIORZDQGWKHEXOEFRPHVRQ7KHFRQWUROLVPHFKDQLFDO )LJXUH$6LPSOH)ODVKOLJKW /RJLF*DWH7HUPLQDOV $ORJLFJDWHLVDFLUFXLWZKLFKZRUNVOLNHDVZLWFK)LJXUHVKRZVDJHQHULFORJLFJDWHKRRNHGXSWRD EDWWHU\$VVKRZQLQWKHILJXUHDORJLFJDWHKDVIRXURUPRUHWHUPLQDOV )LJXUH$*HQHULF/RJLF*DWH  2XWSXW7HUPLQDO 7KLVWHUPLQDOLVVZLWFKHGVRWKDWLWLVFRQQHFWHGHLWKHUWRWKHSRVLWLYHRUWKH QHJDWLYHSRZHUWHUPLQDO7KHVZLWFKLQJLVGRQHE\VROLGVWDWHHOHFWURQLFVLPEHGGHGLQVLOLFRQDQG LQYROYHVQRPRYLQJSDUWV  3RVLWLYH3RZHU7HUPLQDO 7KLVWHUPLQDOLVDOZD\VFRQQHFWHGWRWKHSRVLWLYHEDWWHU\RUSRZHUVXSSO\ WHUPLQDO  1HJDWLYH3RZHU7HUPLQDO 7KLVWHUPLQDOLVDOZD\VFRQQHFWHGWRWKHQHJDWLYHEDWWHU\RUSRZHU VXSSO\WHUPLQDO  ,QSXW7HUPLQDO $ORJLFJDWHKDVRQHRUPRUHLQSXWWHUPLQDOV7KHVHWHUPLQDOVFDUU\WKHLQSXW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z z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LVIDOVHLWKDVWKHYDOXH7KHVHHYDOXDWLRQVUHVXOWLQWKHIROORZLQJ VLPSOLILFDWLRQRIWKH&ODQJXDJHVWDWHPHQW LI \  z 7KH%RROHDQ 25 RSHUDWRUPD\EHDSSOLHGQH[W7KHRQO\WKLQJ 25 VHHVLVWKHWUXWKYDOXHVUHVXOWLQJ IURPWKHRSHUDQGHYDOXDWLRQV 25 LVJLYHQDDQGDIURPZKLFKLWSURGXFHVD LI\  z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7KHVHDUHWKHOLQHVIRUZKLFKWKHH[SUHVVLRQVS $1' 127 TDQG 127 S$1'TDUHWUXH+HQFHWKHH[SUHVVLRQ KDVWKHVDPHWUXWKWDEOHDV ;25 DQGPDEHXVHGWRFRQVWUXFWDFLUFXLWIRU ;25 7KH%RROHDQH[SUHVVLRQS 25 T$1' 127 S$1'TDOVRKDVWKHVDPHWUXWKWDEOH7KHUHIRUHWKH ORJLFFLUFXLWZKLFKFRUUHVSRQGVWRWKLVH[SUHVVLRQDOVRZRUNVDVDQ ;25 FLUFXLW7KDWFLUFXLWORRNVOLNHWKLV 7KHVWDQGDUGVPEROIRU ;25 LV ;25 PDEHLPSOHPHQWHGXVLQJDQFLUFXLWZKLFKKDVWKHFRUUHFWWUXWKWDEOHLQFOXGLQJWKHWZRMXVWVKRZQ 3URSDJDWLRQ'HOD 6RPHHVVHQWLDOIHDWXUHVRIORJLFFLUFXLWEHKDYLRUDUHOHIWRXWRIDQGHVFULSWLRQEDVHGRQORQ%RROHDQ H[SUHVVLRQVDQGWUXWKWDEOHV2QHVXFKIHDWXUHLVWKHSURSDJDWLRQGHODWKHWLPHUHTXLUHGIRUDFKDQJHLQDQ LQSXWVLJQDOWRFDXVHDFKDQJHLQWKHRXWSXW7KHSURSDJDWLRQGHODRIDJDWHXVHGLQD0+]SURFHVVRU IRUH[DPSOHPXVWEHOHVVWKDQQDQRVHFRQGV7KLVLVEHFDXVH0+]PHDQVPLOOLRQFFOHVSHU VHFRQGFSV6RWKHOHQJWKRIHDFKSURFHVVLQJFFOHLV.  VR%RROHDQRSHUDWRUVEWKHPVHOYHVPDEHQHVWHG 7KHUHVXOWLQJH[SUHVVLRQVDUHFDOOHG %RROHDQH[SUHVVLRQV -XVWDV%RROHDQRSHUDWRUVKDYHWUXWKWDEOHVVRGR %RROHDQH[SUHVVLRQV7KHWUXWKWDEOHIRUWKHH[SUHVVLRQMXVWVKRZQLVJLYHQLQ7DEOH /RJLF*DWHV 7DEOHVKRZVWKHWUXWKWDEOHIRUWKH%RROHDQ 127 RSHUDWRU,WLVYHUVLPLODUWRWKHWUXWKWDEOHIRUWKH 127 JDWHVKRZQLQ7DEOH,IZHWKLQNRISDVWKHLQSXWDQG 127 SDVWKHRXWSXWWKHUHLVLQIDFWQR GLIIHUHQFH2QHVKRXOGHYHQWKLQNRIWKH 127 JDWHDVDVLOLFRQLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH 127 RSHUDWRU7KH %RROHDQRSHUDWRUV$1' 25 DQG ;25 DUHDOVRLPSOHPHQWHGLQVLOLFRQ 7DEOH7UXWK7DEOHIRUD%RROHDQ([SUHVVLRQ S T U S$1'T 25 U                                 7DEOH7UXWK7DEOHIRU 127 S  127 S     7KH 25 *DWH 7KH 25 JDWHLVDFLUFXLWZLWKWZRLQSXWWHUPLQDOV,WLVUHSUHVHQWHGLQJDWHOHYHOGLDJUDPVZLWKWKHVPERO 7KHLQSXWVDUHVKRZQRQWKHOHIW7KHRXWSXWLVRQWKHULJKW)URP7DEOHZHPDLQIHUWKDW z. ,IWKHLQSXWLVDWORJLFWKHRXWSXWLVDWORJLF :HFDQQRZSXWDIODVKOLJKWWRJHWKHUEKRRNLQJWKHRXWSXWRIWKH 127 JDWHWRDEXOEDQGWKHLQSXWWRD PHFKDQLFDOVZLWFK)LJXUHLOOXVWUDWHVWKLVKRRNXS:KHQZLUHVLQDGLDJUDPDUHVKRZQFURVVLQJDWD EODFNGRWLWPHDQVWKDWWKHZLUHVDUHFRQQHFWHG:KHQZLUHVFURVVDQGWKHUHLVQREODFNGRWLWPHDQVWKDW WKHDUHQRWLQFRQWDFWZLWKHDFKRWKHU7KHIODVKOLJKWLQWKLVILJXUHLVXOWLPDWHOFRQWUROOHGEDPHFKDQLFDO VZLWFKMXVWOLNHWKHIODVKOLJKWLQ)LJXUH:KHQWKHVZLWFKLVLQWKHGRZQSRVLWLRQDVVKRZQLQWKHILJXUH WKHIODVKOLJKWLVRQ7KHGRZQSRVLWLRQFRQQHFWVWKHLQSXWWHUPLQDORIWKH 127 JDWHWRWKHQHJDWLYHEDWWHU WHUPLQDOZKLFKSXWVLWDWORJLF7KHUHIRUHEHFDXVHRIWKHZDD 127 JDWHZRUNVWKHRXWSXWLVDWORJLF 7KLVPHDQVWKDWWKHRXWSXWWHUPLQDOLVFRQQHFWHGLQWHUQDOOEWKH 127 JDWHWRWKHSRVLWLYHSRZHUWHUPLQDO DQGWKHUHIRUHWRWKHSRVLWLYHHQGRIWKHEDWWHU+HQFHWKHEXOEJHWVFXUUHQWDQGWKHIODVKOLJKWLVRQ )LJXUH$ 127 *DWH&RQWUROOHG)ODVKOLJKW 7UXWK7DEOHIRUWKH 127 *DWH /RJLFYDOXHVPDNHLWHDVWRVXPPDUL]HWKHEHKDYLRURID 127 JDWHZLWKDVPDOOWDEOH6XFKDWDEOHLVFDOOHG D WUXWKWDEOH 7DEOHVKRZVWKHWUXWKWDEOHIRUWKH 127 JDWH *DWH/HYHO'LDJUDPV $ORJLFFLUFXLWGLDJUDPZKLFKVKRZVWKHLQGLYLGXDOORJLFJDWHVEXWQRWWKHLULQWHUQDOPDNHXSLVFDOOHGD JDWH OHYHOGLDJUDP ,QDJDWHOHYHOGLDJUDPWKHSRZHUWHUPLQDOVRQWKHORJLFJDWHVDUHXVXDOOQRWVKRZQ7KH VPEROIRUWKH 127 JDWHXVHGLQJDWHOHYHOGLDJUDPVVKRZVRQOWZRWHUPLQDOVWKHLQSXWDQGWKHRXWSXW 7KHZLUHVKRZQRQWKHOHIWUHSUHVHQWVWKHLQSXWWKHZLUHRQWKHULJKWLVWKHRXWSXW )LJXUHVKRZVWKHGLDJUDPRIWKH 127 JDWHFRQWUROOHGIODVKOLJKWXVLQJWKHVFKHPDWLFVPERO7KLV GLDJUDPFDQEHFRQIXVLQJEHFDXVHWKHPDLQSRZHUFRQQHFWLRQVWRWKH 127 JDWHDUHQRWVKRZQ,QWKLV ILJXUHWKHRQOEDWWHUFRQQHFWLRQLVDWWKHVLJQDOLQJLQSXWWRWKH 127 JDWH$OWKRXJKWKHSRZHU FRQQHFWLRQVDUHQRWVKRZQWKHPXVWEHWKHUHRUWKHFLUFXLWZLOOQRWZRUN)LJXUHUHSUHVHQWVH[DFWOWKH VDPHKRRNXSDV)LJXUH )LJXUH7KLV)ODVKOLJKWLV2Q %RROHDQ2SHUDWRUV 7KH 127 JDWHGLVFXVVHGLQWKHODVWVHFWLRQLVDQH[DPSOHRIDORJLFJDWH/RJLFJDWHVDUHFLUFXLWVZKRVH EHKDYLRULVPRGHOHGRQ%RROHDQRSHUDWRUV 7KHPRVWEDVLF%RROHDQRSHUDWRUVDUH$1' 25  ;25 DQG 127 ,QWKH&ODQJXDJHZHKDYHWKHVPEROV IRU$1'__IRU 25 DQGIRU 127 7KHZRUNLQJVRIWKHVHRSHUDWRUVFDQEHLOOXVWUDWHGZLWKWZR H[DPSOHVIURP&,QWKHVHH[DPSOHV 7DEOH7UXWK7DEOHIRU 127 *DWH ,QSXW 2XWSXW     WKH&ODQJXDJHVWDWHPHQWVDUHHYDOXDWHGXVLQJDVWHSEVWHSVLPSOLILFDWLRQSURFHVV 7KH 25 2SHUDWRU 7KHILUVWH[DPSOHLVDQ LI VWDWHPHQWLQYROYLQJWKH%RROHDQ 25 RSHUDWRU,QZKDWIROORZVZHVXSSRVHWKDW [ KDVDOUHDGEHHQJLYHQWKHYDOXH LI[!__[