FRENCH SENTENCE BUILDER – PART 2 doc

18 · 3 · Precise questions In Unit 2, you learned the various ways to form a question such as using intona- tion, using the phrase est-ce que, and making subject-verb inversions. In this unit, you will continue practicing these interrogative structures while focusing on ask- ing for very precise information. Complex questions Questions in which you expect more specic information than a simple choice- answer or a straightforward yes or no response are referred to as complex ques- tions. ey start with an interrogative pronoun, an interrogative adverb, or any other interrogative word or phrase. Questions with qui ere are several ways to create an interrogative sentence with the interrogative pronoun qui. e elements and word order in the sentence will vary according to the function performed by qui, which can be either subject or direct object. e various possible structures for an interrogative sentence introduced by qui are as follows: Qui + verb In this interrogative sentence, qui is the subject and is followed directly by the verb. Qui était ce monsieur? Who was that gentleman? (qui = subject of était) Qui dit cela? Who says that? (qui = subject of dit) Qui a compris la leçon? Who understood the lesson? (qui = subject of a compris) Qui est-ce qui + verb In this interrogative sentence, qui is the subject, but the word order is the one used in the est-ce que method with one dierence: e phrase used is est-ce qui. Qui est-ce qui dit cela? Who says that? Qui est-ce qui a compris? Who understood? Qui est-ce qui est le plus grand? Who is the tallest? Precise questions 19 Qui est-ce que + subject + verb In this interrogative sentence structure, qui is the direct object, but the word order is the one used in the est-ce que method. Qui est-ce que tu as vu? Whom did you see? Qui est-ce que nous inviterons? Whom will we invite? Qui est-ce que tu préfères? Whom do you prefer? 3 · 1 EXERCICE On the lines provided, write either qui est-ce qui or qui est-ce que as appropriate. 1. tu préfères, Rosie ou Chantal? 2. tu inviteras à sortir? 3. va accepter ton invitation? 4. est cette nouvelle étudiante? 5. va nous la présenter? 6. va s’asseoir à côté d’elle, toi ou moi? Qui + interrogative sentence including inversion In this interrogative sentence, qui is also the direct object, but the word order is the one used in the inversion method. Qui Marielle a-t-elle épousé? Whom did Marielle marry? (qui = direct object of a épousé) Qui as-tu vu? Whom did you see? (qui = direct object of as vu) Qui inviterons-nous? Whom will we invite? (qui = direct object of inviterons) Qui avez-vous embauché? Whom did you hire? (qui = direct object of avez embauché) Qui aimez-vous le mieux ? Whom do you love the most? (qui = direct object of aimez) 3 · 2 EXERCICE Translate each question and answer into English. 1. Qui as-tu rencontré hier soir? —Un vieil ami. 2. Qui as-tu invité? —La famille. 3. Qui est-ce que Raymond va féliciter? —Son nouvel employé. 20 Practice Makes Perfect French Sentence Builder 4. Qui cherchez-vous? —La vendeuse. 5. Qui est-ce que tes parents préfèrent? —Moi bien sûr. 6. Qui Suzanne embrasse-t-elle? —Son copain. 3 · 3 EXERCICE Complete the following questions using qui with an inversion. Use the formal pronoun vous for you. 1. Whom are you calling? (appeler) Qui ? 2. Whom are you inviting? (inviter) Qui ? 3. Whom did you see? (voir) Qui ? 4. Whom do you prefer? (préférer) Qui ? 5. Whom are you going to pick up? (chercher) Qui ? 6. Whom are you going to send back? (renvoyer) Qui ? Questions with qu’est-ce que and que e phrase qu’est-ce que/qu’ as well as the pronoun que express what and play the role of direct object in a sentence. Qu’est-ce que/qu’ + subject + verb In this interrogative sentence, the phrase qu’est-ce que (what) is followed by a subject and a verb. Qu’est-ce qu’Anne fait? What is Anne doing? Qu’est-ce que tu désires? What would you like? Qu’est-ce que nous allons manger? What are we going to eat? Precise questions 21 Que/Qu’ + verb + subject In this interrogative sentence, que (what) is followed by a verb and a subject. Que fait Anne? What is Anne doing? (e noun, Anne, and the verb, fait, have been inverted.) Que désires-tu? What would you like? Qu’allons-nous manger? What are we going to eat? 3 · 4 EXERCICE Write the letter of the phrase that completes each question on the lines provided. 1. Qu’est-ce que recevoir comme cadeaux? a. vous dites 2. Qu’est-ce que vous orent? b. vous faites 3. Qu’est-ce que quand on vous donne un cadeau? c. vous aimez 4. Qu’est-ce que pour vous amuser? d. vous n’aimez pas 5. Qu’est-ce que faire le jour de votre anniversaire? e. vos parents 3 · 5 EXERCICE Rewrite the questions from the previous exercise using que/qu’ instead of qu’est-ce que. 1. Qu’ ? 2. Que ? 3. Que ? 4. Que ? 5. Que ? Questions with qu’est-ce qui e phrase qu’est-ce qui is used to express what. It plays the role of subject in the sentence. Qu’est-ce qui arrive? What is happening? Qu’est-ce qui s’est passé? What happened? Qu’est-ce qui prouve ce fait? What proves this fact? 3 · 6 EXERCICE Use Que/Qu’, Qu’est-ce que, or Qu’est-ce qui to complete each question. 1. regardes-tu? 2. apportes-tu? 3. Joseph aime faire? 4. tu vas donner à ta mère? 22 Practice Makes Perfect French Sentence Builder 5. ne va pas? 6. fait-il? Questions with interrogative adverbs With the interrogative adverbs pourquoi (why), comment (how), quand (when), combien de (how many/how much), and où (where), French uses the following methods to create interrogative sentences: Interrogative adverb + est-ce que + word order of simple declarative sentence In the following questions, the interrogative adverb is followed by the phrase est-ce que, the sub- ject, and the verb. Pourquoi est-ce que Patrick n’aime pas Why doesn’t Patrick like his work? son travail? Comment est-ce que tu vas? How are you? Quand est-ce que tu vas au travail? When are you going to work? Combien de jours est-ce que tu resteras? How many days will you stay? Où est-ce qu’Anne va avec tous ces livres? Where is Anne going with all those books? Où est-ce qu’elle habite? Where does she live? Interrogative adverb + word order appropriate to inversion method In using this method, apply what you have previously learned about the inversion method (remember not to invert a noun-subject with the verb; instead add a hyphen and a subject pro- noun aer the verb). Pourquoi Patrick n’aime-t-il pas son travail? Why doesn’t Patrick like his work? Comment vas-tu? How are you? Quand vas-tu au travail? When do you go to work? Combien de jours resteras-tu? How many days will you stay? Où Anne va-t-elle avec tous ces livres? Where does Anne go with all these books? Où habite-t-elle? Where does she live? Interrogative adverb + word order of simple declarative sentence Using this method means simply adding the interrogative adverb to the declarative sentence and using a higher pitch intonation at the end of the sentence. is is used in very familiar settings only. Pourquoi Patrick n’aime pas son travail? Why doesn’t Patrick like his work? Note in the following sentences that the words comment, quand, combien de jours, and où can be placed at the head of the question or aer the verb: Comment tu vas? How are you? Tu vas comment? How are you? Quand tu vas au travail? When do you go to work? Tu vas au travail quand? When do you go to work? Combien de jours tu resteras? How many days will you stay? Precise questions 23 3 · 7 EXERCICE Arranging the sentence fragments provided in the appropriate order, write questions to be used in familiar settings. Do not use est-ce que, and do not make an inversion, but remember to use a question mark. 1. tu / vas / où / maintenant 2. vas / tu / comment / au travail 3. rentres / quand / tu / aujourd’hui 4. ne manges pas / pourquoi / tu 5. combien de café / veux / tu 6. ça / va / comment 3 · 8 EXERCICE Redo each question from the previous exercise, this time using the words provided with the est-ce que structure. 1. tu / vas / où / maintenant 2. vas / tu / comment / au travail 3. rentres / quand / tu / aujourd’hui 4. ne manges pas / pourquoi / tu 5. combien de café / veux / tu 6. ça / va / comment 24 Practice Makes Perfect French Sentence Builder Questions with the adjective quel Many very common interrogative questions include a form of the adjective quel. Here are a few. Note how the form of quel changes according to the gender (masculine or feminine) and the number (singular or plural) of the noun it accompanies. As previously seen, there are again three ways to create this type of question: the est-ce que method, the inversion method, and the voice pitch method. Quel train est-ce que tu prends? Which train are you taking? Quel train prends-tu? Quel train tu prends? Quelle heure est-ce qu’il est? What time is it? Quelle heure est-il? Quelle heure il est? Quels livres est-ce que tu as lus? What books have you read? Quels livres as-tu lus? Quel livres tu as lus? Quelles dates est-ce que tu préfères? What dates do you prefer? Quelles dates préfères-tu? Quelles dates tu préfères? Now consider these examples in which quel does not directly precede the noun, and note the word order in this type of interrogative sentence: Quel + être + subject Quel + est + ton nom? What is your name? Quels sont tes numéros de téléphone? What are your phone numbers? Quelles sont les prévisions météorologiques? What is the weather forecast? Quelle est ton opinion? What is your opinion? 3 · 9 EXERCICE Translate the following questions into French using the correct form of quel. 1. What time is it? 2. What is his date of birth? 3. What is her telephone number? 4. What is the weather today? 5. What are his favorite colors? 6. What choice do I have? Precise questions 25 3 · 10 EXERCICE Begin each question with the appropriate interrogative word Qui, Où, Comment, Que/ Qu’. There may be more than one possible answer. 1. t’appelles-tu? 2. habites-tu? 3. est la date de ton anniversaire? 4. fais-tu en n de semaine? 5. étudies-tu le français? 6. utilises-tu l’ordinateur? 7. sont tes amis? 8. pars-tu en vacances? 9. passes-tu tes vacances? 10. t’accompagne? 3 · 11 EXERCICE Write either où, qu’, qu’est-ce qu’,or qu’est-ce qui to complete the following questions. 1. est-ce que ton copain t’a emmenée hier soir pour ton anniversaire? 2. avez-vous commandé à manger? 3. il t’a oert comme cadeau? 4. t’a plu le plus hier soir au restaurant? 5. Et après, êtes-vous allés? 6. avez-vous fait? Questions with prepositions Complex questions sometimes start with prepositions followed by question words; these are used to elicit concrete or fuller responses to a question. As previously seen, there are usually several ways to form a question: the est-ce que method, the inversion method, and using intonation in a declarative sentence. e word order in the complex interrogative sentence introduced by a prep- osition may be as follows: preposition + interrogative word + est-ce que + declarative sentence or preposition + interrogative word + inversion method word order 26 Practice Makes Perfect French Sentence Builder or preposition + interrogative word + declarative sentence (use of intonation in speaking, use of question mark in writing) e following is a list of prepositions followed by an interrogative adverb oen used to create complex questions: À qui? To whom? Avec qui? With whom? De qui? From whom? Pour qui? For whom? D’où? From where? / Where from? Par où? rough where? Depuis quand? Since when? Jusqu’à quand? Until when? Pendant combien de temps? For how long? Dans combien de temps? When? / In how much time? Pour qui est-ce qu’elle achète le bijou? For whom does she buy the jewel? Pour qui achète-t-elle le bijou? Pour qui elle achète le bijou? Depuis quand est-ce qu’Anne habite Paris? Since when does Anne live in Paris? Depuis quand Anne habite-t-elle Paris? Depuis quand Anne habite Paris? Pendant combien de temps est-ce qu’ils For how long did they wait? ont attendu? Pendant combien de temps ont-ils attendu? Pendant combien de temps ils ont attendu? 3 · 12 EXERCICE Using tu for you and the inversion method, translate the sentences into French. 1. Where are you from? 2. Where are you going? 3. Since when do you study French? 4. When are you going to nish this exercise? 5. Until when are you going to wait? 6. To whom do you write most of your e-mails? Precise questions 27 3 · 13 EXERCICE Complete the following questions for your favorite singer using vous to address him/her and the present indicative of the verbs in parentheses. 1. Quel âge ? (avoir) 2. la couleur naturelle de vos cheveux? (être) 3. Où ? (habiter) 4. votre vrai nom? (être) 5. Pourquoi à Paris? (ne pas venir) 6. Combien d’enfants ? (avoir) 3 · 14 EXERCICE Translate the following questions into French, using vous for you and the inverted word order structure. 1. Where would you like to go? 2. How much can you spend? 3. Who is traveling with you? 4. What airline do you prefer? 5. Why do you want to travel rst class? 3 · 15 EXERCICE Complete each of the following sentences with the appropriate interrogative term. 1. Pour est-ce que tu vas voter? 2. D’ est-il? De Bretagne? 3. est-ce que tu vas voter? 4. est le slogan de sa campagne électorale? 5. seront les élections? 6. prendras-tu ta décision? 3 · 16 EXERCICE Read the paragraph below and complete the following questions for each of the underlined sentences. Aman Ary, à l’âge de dix-neuf ans, est un grand athlète. Comme enfant, il jouait déjà au foot et cette expérience l’a inspiré pour le reste de sa vie. Son père l’emmenait aussi régulièrement à des matchs de football. Aman voulait devenir célèbre, comme ses idoles, et il [...]... is! Declarative sentence with intonation or punctuation With the appropriate punctuation you can use declarative sentences (Unit 1) to express strong feelings For some, a definition of an exclamatory sentence in English and in French alike is a forceful declarative sentence that shows strong emotion In writing, an exclamation mark ends the sentence declarative sentence + ! exclamatory sentence The exclamation... EXERCICE 6ã1 Build simple affirmative clauses using the sentence fragments provided Be sure to punctuate your sentences 1 Jean / ce soir / va arriver 2 prộparons / nous / un bon repas 40 Practice Makes Perfect French Sentence Builder 3 content / tout le monde / est 4 ộtait / absent / longtemps / il 5 il / dans sa chambre / va dormir EXERCICE 6 2 With these sentence fragments, build simple negative clauses... de 1 Regardez ces deux filles! des deux est la plus grande? 2 Il y a deux bons films la tộlộ des deux veux-tu voir? 3 Nous pouvons acheter deux CD rộcents 4 Jacques a tộlộphonộ? 5 fois? baguettes est-ce quil nous faut? 6 Les bananes sont mỷres? 28 Practice Makes Perfect ? French Sentence Builder veux-tu? ã4ã Exclamatory sentences Exclamatory sentences communicate strong feelings The speaker often adds... complete the French translations of the following sentences 1 The moon is so beautiful! Comme 2 We love the beach so much! ! tant la plage! 29 3 It is hot outside! Qu ! 4 The lemonade is cold! Que ! 5 Lucie is so tired! 6 Good! Now we (fem.) are ready! EXERCICE 4 2 Express the following English statements in French as affirmative exclamations 1 I am so cute! 2 I dance so well! 3 I have so many friends!... and que de/d Exclamatory sentences are also introduced by the exclamatory adverbs combien (how much), combien de/d, and que de/d (how much/how many) These words stress the quantity or intensity of the verb or noun that follows 30 Practice Makes Perfect French Sentence Builder combien + declarative sentence + ! Combien jaime ce pays! Combien jai attendu ce moment! exclamatory sentence How I love this... to stress emotions Exclamatory sentences are more common in speech than in writing Basic exclamatory sentences There are three basic ways of expressing yourself in an exclamatory manner in French You may use a declarative sentence and add intonation (an exclamation mark in writing), or start a sentence with one of the conjunctions que or comme followed by the declarative sentence Ce souper est dộlicieux!... grouping of a subject and predicate a sentence? The answer lies within the fact that a sentence is sometimes but not always limited to an independent clause However, sometimes a sentence includes both an independent and a dependent clause sentence = simple independent clause or sentence = independent clause + dependent clause Examine the following example of a sentence, which comprises both types of... Translate the following sentences into English 1 Que de plaisirs on trouve dans la vie! 2 Combien de surprises elle nous rộserve! 3 Quelle innocence on voit dans les enfants! 4 Combien nous sommes attachộs la vie! Exclamatory sentences 31 5 Comme nous sommes heureux! 6 Quelle chance nous avons! EXERCICE 4ã4 Place the sentence fragments provided in the right order to create exclamatory sentences about crazy... not ignore the truth! Conduis ta sur au cinộma! (tu) Drive your sister to the movie theater! 42 Practice Makes Perfect French Sentence Builder EXERCICE 6ã4 Build simple affirmative imperative clauses using the words in parentheses Use the familiar tu command only 1 Decorate your room! (dộcorer ta chambre) 2 Paint the walls! (peindre les murs) 3 Organize the closet! (organizer le placard) 4 Change the... check the movie times! 4 Lets go! 5 Lets take a cab! 38 Practice Makes Perfect French Sentence Builder ã6ã Independent clauses Any structural group organized around a verbal nucleus is a clause There are two types of clauses in English and in French: independent clauses and dependent clauses If a clause can stand alone as a sentenceif it has at least a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thoughtthen . to complete each question. 1. regardes-tu? 2. apportes-tu? 3. Joseph aime faire? 4. tu vas donner à ta mère? 22 Practice Makes Perfect French Sentence Builder 5. ne va pas? 6. fait-il? Questions. complete the French translations of the following sentences. 1. The moon is so beautiful! Comme ! 2. We love the beach so much! tant la plage! 30 Practice Makes Perfect French Sentence Builder 3 attendu? 3 · 12 EXERCICE Using tu for you and the inversion method, translate the sentences into French. 1. Where are you from? 2. Where are you going? 3. Since when do you study French? 4. When