ECG in the Child and Adolescent - part 8 ppsx

P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:44 CHAPTER 3.32 T amplitude by age in lead aVF -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 T Amplitude in Millivolts 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 Age, years Age, months Age, days Figure 3.32 T amplitude by age in lead aVF, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). The T waves in aVF are low, flat or inverted at birth. The T waves amplitude decreases during the first days of life, followed by a rapid increase until age 1–3 months, then steady and gradual increase until adolescence. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.17 0.29 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.34 0.38 0.37 Mean 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.08 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.2 0.19 0.21 0.19 (±SD) 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.05 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.11 5% −0.03 −0.03 −0.07 −0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.03 (N) 109 128 95 100 120 92 97 113 107 100 289 510 52 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:44 CHAPTER 3.33 T amplitude by age in lead V1 -0.60 -0.50 -0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 T Amplitude in Millivolts 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, days Age, months Age, years Figure 3.33 T amplitude by age in lead V1, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). T waves in V1 are characteristically upright, low or only slightly inverted during the first day of life. They all become inverted with increased depth until age 3–6 months, then turning to be less inverted or even upright thereafter along with increasing age. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 0.17 −0.02 −0.06 −0.09 −0.14 −0.22 −0.20 −0.16 −0.13 0.04 0.05 0.20 Mean −0.04 −0.13 −0.19 −0.21 −0.28 −0.36 −0.35 −0.30 −0.28 −0.26 −0.21 −0.11 (±SD) 0.11 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.16 5% −0.17 −0.25 −0.32 −0.34 −0.43 −0.52 −0.53 −0.46 −0.43 −0.43 −0.38 −0.32 (N) 109 128 95 100 113 91 97 113 107 99 289 510 53 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:44 CHAPTER 3.34 T amplitude by age in lead V2 -0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 T Amplitude in Millivolts 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, yearsAge, months Age, days Figure 3.34 T amplitude by age in lead V2, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). T wave changes by age in lead V2 are not as spectacular and characteristic as those registered in lead V1. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 0.36 0.25 0.12 0.14 0.29 0.32 0.44 0.59 0.55 0.67 0.71 0.81 Mean −0.01 −0.11 −0.19 −0.14 0.00 −0.13 −0.07 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.3 0.34 (±SD) 0.21 0.17 0.18 0.17 0.21 0.32 0.35 0.27 0.21 0.26 0.26 0.26 5% −0.31 −0.38 −0.42 −0.40 −0.42 −0.61 −0.57 −0.31 −0.23 −0.33 −0.13 −0.08 (N) 109 128 95 100 120 92 97 113 107 100 289 510 54 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:44 CHAPTER 3.35 T amplitude by age in lead V4 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 T Amplitude in Millivolts 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, days Age, months Age, years Figure 3.35 T amplitude by age in lead V4, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). T waves registered in V4 during the first week of life are low, flat or slightly inverted. They turn upright and taller from age 7–30 days and thereafter with a wider range along with increasing age. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 0.27 0.24 0.28 0.46 0.58 0.73 0.81 0.80 0.91 0.95 0.96 1.03 Mean 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.23 0.31 0.39 0.37 0.52 0.58 0.64 0.57 0.55 (±SD) 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.16 0.22 0.26 0.16 0.21 0.87 0.26 0.28 5% −0.17 −0.16 −0.10 0.07 0.06 0.07 −0.06 0.22 0.24 0.24 0.21 0.16 (N) 109 128 95 100 120 92 97 113 107 100 289 510 55 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:44 CHAPTER 3.36 T amplitude by age in lead V5 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 T Amplitude in Millivolts 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, days Age, months Age, years Figure 3.36 T amplitude by age in lead V5, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). The T waves changes recorded in V5 from birth to adolescence are similar to those recorded in V4, except that the decrease of the T waves amplitude after age 9–13 years are more prominent. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 0.26 0.27 0.33 0.48 0.57 0.73 0.73 0.70 0.90 0.90 0.82 0.80 Mean 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.26 0.35 0.43 0.43 0.47 0.57 0.61 0.51 0.46 (±SD) 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.14 0.19 0.18 0.11 0.16 0.82 0.17 0.18 5% −0.07 −0.11 0.02 0.11 0.16 0.20 0.16 0.26 0.30 0.25 0.27 0.21 (N) 109 128 95 100 120 92 97 113 107 100 289 510 56 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:44 CHAPTER 3.37 T amplitude by age in lead V6 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 T Amplitude in Millivolts 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, years Age, monthsAge, days Figure 3.37 T amplitude by age in lead V6, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). Normal T wave changes registered in lead V6 are more striking and characteristic than those registered in V5. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 0.21 0.25 0.30 0.41 0.52 0.56 0.61 0.55 0.75 0.75 0.68 0.64 Mean 0.08 0.12 0.17 0.23 0.31 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.47 0.47 0.42 0.37 (±SD) 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.11 0.16 0.19 0.17 0.15 5% −0.04 0.00 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.22 0.16 0.21 0.25 0.24 0.22 0.18 (N) 109 128 95 100 113 91 97 113 107 99 289 510 57 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:44 58 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:48 PART 4 Calculated values on RS amplitude and ventricular activation time by age 59 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:48 60 P1: FAW/SPH P2: FAW/SPH QC: FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13:48 CHAPTER 4.1 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead I -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-30 1-3 3-6 6-12 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-13 13-18 R/S Amplitude Ratio 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age, days Age, months Age, years Figure 4.1 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead I, each curve corresponding to the indicated percentile level (• = mean). R/S amplitude ratio of lead I is small from birth to age 7−30 days. From that age on, the ratio increases steadily and gradually with dominant R waves until adolescence. Days Months Years Age 0–1 1–3 3–7 7–30 1–3 3–6 6–12 1–3 3–6 6–9 9–13 13–18 95% 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 4.9 7.2 13.3 16.0 16.7 15.5 20.0 18.6 Mean 0.36 0.47 0.51 0.73 1.81 2.90 3.48 5.81 4.68 5.84 5.63 5.78 (±SD) 0.34 0.41 0.34 1.00 1.62 3.81 5.04 12.51 5.29 10.45 8.43 10.50 5% 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.15 0.40 0.74 0.85 0.50 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 (N) 109 128 95 100 113 91 97 113 107 99 289 510 61 . 13:44 CHAPTER 3.35 T amplitude by age in lead V4 -0 .40 -0 .20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0 .80 1.00 1.20 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-3 0 1-3 3-6 6-1 2 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-1 3 1 3-1 8 T Amplitude in Millivolts 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age,. 13:44 CHAPTER 3.37 T amplitude by age in lead V6 -0 .10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0 .80 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-3 0 1-3 3-6 6-1 2 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-1 3 1 3-1 8 T Amplitude in Millivolts 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age,. FAW/SPH T1: FAW BLUK054-Lue June 19, 2006 13: 48 CHAPTER 4.1 R/S amplitude ratio by age in lead I -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0-1 1-3 3-7 7-3 0 1-3 3-6 6-1 2 1-3 3-6 6-9 9-1 3 1 3-1 8 R/S Amplitude Ratio 95% 75% 50% 25% 5% Age,