Process Engineering Equipment Handbook 2009 Part 4 pdf

C-90 FIG. C-66 Typical compressor selection charts. (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) stroke limiters that are not cast but machined, as well as frictionless guided plates with low lift and good fatigue properties. This OEM has its own compressor valve production facility. This ensures high reliability and availability of the valves and compressors. The valves fulfill the requirements of ISO 8012, API 618, and the European Standard on compressor safety. They are designed to prevent inadvertent wrong assembly into the cylinder. See Fig. C-73. Suction valves may be equipped with unloading devices for continuous or stepped capacity control. Special tools. Together with each compressor, the OEM supplies a set of special tools to simplify routine service, like the device to conveniently assemble and install valves for certain sizes of horizontal compressors, or the hydraulic tools, allowing the proper fastening of vital connections. See Fig. C-74. Piston rod packing. The packing to seal piston rod and cylinder consists of several stacked rings, designed as a cartridge for ease of maintenance. Packing rings are made of PTFE or other newly developed compounds as well as sintered metal. They are subject to stringent quality requirements and feature minimum gas leakage, low friction losses, and minimum wear. See Fig. C-75. Compressors C-91 FIG. C-67 Typical features in an API 618 reciprocating compressor. (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) To provide efficient heat removal, direct or indirect cooling is used, depending on the application. Special designs for high-pressure duties or particular process requirements are available. Piston rod packings are generally well suited to meet the increasing demands imposed by legislation to protect the environment. C-92 Compressors FIG. C-68 Typical crankcase. (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) FIG. C-69 Typical bearing. (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) Compressors C-93 FIG. C-70 Typical crosshead fastening. (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) FIG. C-71 Typical piston nod runout and crosshead design. (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) FIG. C-72 Typical piston design. (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) C-94 Compressors Oil wiper packing. For oil-free compression no trace of oil may be allowed to creep from the crankcase along the rod into the cylinder. Triple wiper rings—equipped with garter springs—are well known and also used in labyrinth-type compressors for oxygen service. Each of the three rings is provided with an oil wiper lip. The collected oil is led back into the crankcase. See Fig. C-76. Scraper performance is further improved by providing large communicating passages around the crosshead to avoid crosshead pumping effects. Typical application for reciprocating compressors: water-cooled, lubricated trunk-piston compressor Typical application processes include: (gases) H 2 , He, natural gas, C n H m , N 2 , Ar, CO 2 , air, and other noncorrosive gases and gas mixtures in the following plant systems: ᭿ Bottling plants ᭿ Air separation plants ᭿ Electrolysis plants ᭿ Oil and gas industry Compressors C-95 FIG. C-73 Typical compressor valve. (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) C-96 Compressors FIG. C-74 Typical cooling for valve installation. (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) Compressors C-97 FIG. C-75 Typical piston rod packing. (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) C-98 Compressors FIG. C-76 Typical oil wiper packing. (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) [...]... 2850 m3/h, discharge pressure 19 bar abs, speed 42 0 rpm, power input 40 0 kW (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) Chlorine compressor installed in a chlorine production plant in Colombia 605 m3/h of Cl2 are compressed to 8.5 bar abs The compressor operates at 48 0 rpm, the power input is 65 kW (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) FIG C-80 C-100 Compressors C-101 81 82 84 83 FIG C-81 Hydrogen producing and bottling plant... compressor supplied for a chemical plant to compress 1 040 m3/h H2S to 31 .4 bar abs The speed is 49 5 rpm and the power input 280 kW (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) FIG C-83 Nonlubricated high-pressure compressor in Finland, compressing 750 Nm3/h dry hydrogen from 17 to 230 bar abs in three stages Shaft power is 100 kW (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) FIG C- 84 Two-stage compressor in the natural gas storage facility... between sealing element and counterpart This is the key to the durability, reliability, and availability of this compressor type and, therefore, to its economic operation Above all, the unique labyrinth sealing technique is employed for applications where no lubricants are allowed in the cylinder and where no abrasion particles are accepted in the process gas This is particularly true for oxygen compression,... crankcase is essential and where process gas is permitted in the open distance piece (e.g., for O2, N2, CO2, process air, etc., generally in the industrial gas industry) (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) ᭿ Consists of a very small number of parts ᭿ Is made of solid metal without any plastic material ᭿ Avoids permanent mechanical friction ᭿ Avoids contamination or fouling of the process gas ᭿ Guarantees extremely... included See Fig C- 94 Arrangement and drive The basic gas compression system consists of a packaged unit with a sturdy steel skid (see Fig C-95) on which the complete compressor, C-1 04 Compressors FIG C-88 Compressor selection, dimensions, coding, and materials (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) flywheel, V-belt drive, coolers, separators, condensate receiving tank, and piping (see also Fig C- 94) are installed... low lift and extremely good fatigue properties ᭿ Consists of identical parts for suction and discharge side, but special design features prevent inadvertent wrong assembly of valves into the cylinder ᭿ Comprises stationary parts, such as valve seat and stroke limiter not being cast, but machined out of special stainless steel C-1 14 Compressors FIG C-102B With closed and purged distance piece: The distance... manufacturing process after each important step All pressure-stressed parts, such as cylinders, cylinder covers, (A) (B) FIG C-103A, B Design features of D- and E-type compressors with open distance piece (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) C-117 (C) (D) FIG C-103C, D Design features of the totally closed K-type compressor with gas- and pressure- tight crankcase (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) C-118 FIG C-1 04 Dimensions... throttling C-112 Compressors FIG C-101 Typical section showing oil-lubricated and oil-free zones (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) for applications where the process gas is heavily contaminated with impurities, such as polymerization products or other very small and hard particles They have effectively no influence on the labyrinth seal performance, compressor reliability, wear rate, and maintenance intervals Piston... Electrical equipment ᭿ Solenoid valve for condensate drain control with separate time relay ᭿ Temperature switches on second and last stages ᭿ Oil pressure switch Package ᭿ Skid (large enough to accommodate motor) mounted on six vibration dampening elements ᭿ Gauge panel ᭿ Flywheel, motor pulley, belts, drive guard ᭿ Special tools Test ᭿ Mechanical run ᭿ Standard performance test with air (DIN 1 945 /ISO... systems ᭿ Petrochemical industry ᭿ NGV/CNG refueling stations ᭿ Chemical process plants ᭿ Seismic research ᭿ Oil-well servicing ᭿ Gas production plants See Figs C-77 through C-87 Special features include: ᭿ Proven heavy-duty trunk-piston compressor of high reliability ᭿ Compact design, good accessibility, easy to maintain ᭿ Fewer wear parts than in crosshead design ᭿ Completely factory-assembled and tested, . C-82 Hydrogen sulfide compressor supplied for a chemical plant to compress 1 040 m 3 /h H 2 S to 31 .4 bar abs. The speed is 49 5 rpm and the power input 280 kW. (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) FIG. C-83. offshore duty in Greece. Suction volume 2850 m 3 /h, discharge pressure 19 bar abs, speed 42 0 rpm, power input 40 0 kW. (Source: Sulzer-Burckhardt.) FIG. C-80 Chlorine compressor installed in a chlorine. cooling is used, depending on the application. Special designs for high-pressure duties or particular process requirements are available. Piston rod packings are generally well suited to meet