SLIDE SENTENCES pptx

DUY TAN UNIVERSITY DUY TAN UNIVERSITY Chapter 1: Chapter 1: SENTENCE: SENTENCE: ELEMENTS AND KINDS ELEMENTS AND KINDS Group 6: Group 6: 1. Nguyễn Thị Thanh Nga 1. Nguyễn Thị Thanh Nga 2. Lê Trung Nguyên 2. Lê Trung Nguyên 3. Nguyễn Thị Hoa 3. Nguyễn Thị Hoa 4. Trần Thúy Hiền 4. Trần Thúy Hiền 5. Nguyễn Thị Lê Minh 5. Nguyễn Thị Lê Minh LỚP: K16NAB1 LỚP: K16NAB1 OUTLINE: OUTLINE: 1.1. Definitions of Sentences: Le Trung Nguyen. 1.1. Definitions of Sentences: Le Trung Nguyen. 1.2. Sentence elements: Nguyen Thi Hoa. 1.2. Sentence elements: Nguyen Thi Hoa. 1.3. Basic sentence patterns: Tran Thuy Hien. 1.3. Basic sentence patterns: Tran Thuy Hien. 1.4. Kinds of sentences: 1.4. Kinds of sentences: -1.4.1. According to the purpose of -1.4.1. According to the purpose of communication: Nguyen Thi Thanh Nga. communication: Nguyen Thi Thanh Nga. -1.4.2. According to structures and relation -1.4.2. According to structures and relation between clauses: Nguyen Thi Le Minh. between clauses: Nguyen Thi Le Minh. 1.1 DEFINITIONS OF SENTENCES 1.1 DEFINITIONS OF SENTENCES - - “A sentence is a group of words that you “A sentence is a group of words that you use to communicate your ideas in writing use to communicate your ideas in writing or in speaking”. or in speaking”. - “The basic sentence is made of two parts: - “The basic sentence is made of two parts: the Subject and the Predicate”. the Subject and the Predicate”. - “A sentence is units made up of one or - “A sentence is units made up of one or more clauses”. more clauses”. E.g : T E.g : T he he pink pink dress dress looks looks very very nice nice . . Det. Adj N Det. Adj N V Adv C V Adv C S Pred. S Pred. ► Form: SUBJECT + PREDICATE Form: SUBJECT + PREDICATE ► The Subject The Subject names the person, place or names the person, place or thing that we are talking about. thing that we are talking about. ► The Predicate says something about the The Predicate says something about the subject. subject. 1.2 SENTENCE ELEMENTS 1.2 SENTENCE ELEMENTS ► A sentence may alternatively be seen as A sentence may alternatively be seen as comprising five units called comprising five units called elements elements of of sentence structure sentence structure : : Subject (S), Verb (V), Subject (S), Verb (V), Complement (C), Object(O), Adverbial(A). Complement (C), Object(O), Adverbial(A). ► E.g: They/ elected/ him/ president E.g: They/ elected/ him/ president /yesterday. /yesterday. S V O C A S V O C A 1.2.1. Subject: 1.2.1. Subject: ► Performs the action of the sentence, it can Performs the action of the sentence, it can be a noun, pronoun, noun phrase, group be a noun, pronoun, noun phrase, group of words used as a noun, or a clause with of words used as a noun, or a clause with nominal function. nominal function. E.g: E.g: My mother My mother is a doctor. is a doctor. ► Can be simple or complex. Can be simple or complex. E.g : E.g : The book The book was written by my was written by my teacher. teacher. The old, dusty books on the table The old, dusty books on the table haven’t haven’t been read in years. been read in years. ► Occurs before the verb phrase in declarative Occurs before the verb phrase in declarative clause, and after the auxiliary verb in clause, and after the auxiliary verb in questions. questions. E.g I buy a new car. E.g I buy a new car. Do you buy a new car? Do you buy a new car? 1.2.2 Object 1.2.2 Object : : ► is a noun, pronoun, noun phrase, group is a noun, pronoun, noun phrase, group of words used as a noun, or a nominal of words used as a noun, or a nominal clause. clause. ► May be the direct or indirect object. May be the direct or indirect object. ► Usually refers to the person, thing, etc. Usually refers to the person, thing, etc. ► Eg : My mother give Eg : My mother give me me a cake a cake . . Oi Od Oi Od I bought I bought my friend my friend a book a book . . Oi Od Oi Od 1.2.3 Complement: 1.2.3 Complement: ► is noun, noun phrase, adjective, adjective is noun, noun phrase, adjective, adjective phrase, or a clause with nominal function, phrase, or a clause with nominal function, having a co-referential relation with the having a co-referential relation with the subject or object. subject or object. ► Subject Complement : Subject Complement : E.g. The car is E.g. The car is new new . . ► Object Complement: Object Complement: E.g: I painted my room E.g: I painted my room purple. purple. 1.2.4.Adverbial 1.2.4.Adverbial : : ► Is an adverb, adverbial phrase, adverbial Is an adverb, adverbial phrase, adverbial clause, noun phrase, or prepositional clause, noun phrase, or prepositional phrase. phrase. ► Tell about the action, happening, or state Tell about the action, happening, or state described by the rest of the sentence. described by the rest of the sentence. ► E.g: We have been living E.g: We have been living here in this here in this house for over twenty years. house for over twenty years. 1.2.5. Verb: 1.2.5. Verb: Is the word or words that describe the Is the word or words that describe the action or state of being of the subject. action or state of being of the subject. E.g: He E.g: He eats eats rice. rice. ► Linking verbs: Linking verbs: - Linking verbs are followed by: a noun - Linking verbs are followed by: a noun phrase, a nominal clause, (to be) + phrase, a nominal clause, (to be) + complement, an adjective, an adverbial. complement, an adjective, an adverbial. - Linking verbs are either verbs of sensation - Linking verbs are either verbs of sensation (feel, look, smell, sound, taste) or verbs of (feel, look, smell, sound, taste) or verbs of existence (act, appear, be, become, existence (act, appear, be, become, continue, grow, prove, remain, seem, sit, continue, grow, prove, remain, seem, sit, stand, turn). stand, turn). [...]... exclamation mark (!) ► E.g Go to your room! Open the door 1.4.2 According to structures and relation between clauses: There are 4 kinds of sentences as follow: ► Simple Sentences ► Compound Sentences ► Complex Sentences ► Compound - Complex Sentences 1.4.2.1 SIMPLE SENTENCES ► Definition: - A simple sentence is that includes a main clause and no dependent clauses, no conjunctions such as: and, but, or,... The teacher considered him a good student ► Subject + Verb + Object + Adverbial: E.g: I have put my pen on table ► 1.4 KINDS OF SENTENCES 1.4.1 ACCORDING TO THE PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION: 1 DECLARATIVE SENTENCES 2 INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES 3 EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES 4 IMPERATIVE SENTENCES 1.4.1.1 DECLARATIVE SENTENCE: • Definition: A declarative sentence is used to make a statement Declarative sentence is... the mountain and climb to the top Peter and Sue visited the museum last Saturday 1.4.2.2 COMPOUND SENTENCES ► Definition: - A compound sentence composed of two or more main clauses but no subordinate clauses Each clause is of equal importance and could stand alone - They are created by several simple sentences and connected by conjunctions such as and, but, or, etc ► E.g: The sun was setting in the... sentence - This occurs when the two independent clauses are closely related - If they weren’t closely related, they would be written as two simple sentences, separated by a period E.g: I don't often go swimming; I prefer to play tennis ► 1.4.2.3 COMPLEX SENTENCES ► Definition: - A complex sentence contains one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses - The one important idea is placed in the... declarative sentence is used to make a statement Declarative sentence is ended with punctuation mark ( ) E.g: I'll meet you at the train station The farmer is feeding the chickens 1.4.1.2 INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES: Definition: An interrogative sentence is used to pose a question Interrogative sentence is ended with question mark (?) ► E.g Where do you work? When are you going to leave? There are eight... Clauses are connected by the dependent conjunctions such as which, who, although, despite, if, since, etc ► E.g: Although my friend invited me to a party, but I do not want to go 1.4.2.4 COMPOUND - COMPLEX SENTENCES: ► Definition: - A compound-complex sentence is a combination of two or more main clauses and one or more subordinate clauses - These clauses is associated together by the independent conjunctions . SENTENCES 2. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES 2. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES 3. EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES 3. EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES 4. IMPERATIVE SENTENCES 4. IMPERATIVE SENTENCES 1.4.1.1. DECLARATIVE. OF SENTENCES 1.4. KINDS OF SENTENCES 1.4.1. ACCORDING TO THE PURPOSE OF 1.4.1. ACCORDING TO THE PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION : : 1. DECLARATIVE SENTENCES 1. DECLARATIVE SENTENCES . Nguyen Thi Le Minh. between clauses: Nguyen Thi Le Minh. 1.1 DEFINITIONS OF SENTENCES 1.1 DEFINITIONS OF SENTENCES - - “A sentence is a group of words that you “A sentence is a group